Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe
Identifieur interne : 000144 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000143; suivant : 000145Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe
Auteurs : Nuria Selva [Pologne] ; Stefan Kreft [Allemagne] ; Vassiliki Kati [Grèce] ; Martin Schluck [Allemagne] ; Bengt-Gunnar Jonsson [Suède] ; Barbara Mihok [Hongrie] ; Henryk Okarma [Pologne] ; Pierre L. Ibisch [Allemagne]Source :
- Environmental Management [ 0364-152X ] ; 2011.
Abstract
With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z
PubMed: 21947368
PubMed Central: 3189408
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change.</p>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Environ Manage</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Environmental Management</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0364-152X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-1009</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer-Verlag</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21947368</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3189408</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9751</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Selva</surname>
<given-names>Nuria</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>nuriselva@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kreft</surname>
<given-names>Stefan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kati</surname>
<given-names>Vassiliki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schluck</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jonsson</surname>
<given-names>Bengt-Gunnar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mihok</surname>
<given-names>Barbara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Okarma</surname>
<given-names>Henryk</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ibisch</surname>
<given-names>Pierre L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, Mickiewicza 33, Kraków, 31-120 Poland</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde, Germany</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina, Agrinio, Greece</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
Natural Sciences, Engineering & Mathematics, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary</aff>
<aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387 Poland</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>24</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>865</fpage>
<lpage>877</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>31</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2011</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change.</p>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Transport policy</kwd>
<kwd>Natura 2000</kwd>
<kwd>Fragmentation</kwd>
<kwd>Conservation law</kwd>
<kwd>Conservation targets</kwd>
<kwd>Climate change adaptation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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