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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Revision of the East Mediterranean <italic>Orthomus</italic> (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of <italic>Parorthomus</italic> gen. n. <italic>socotranus</italic> sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina</title><author><name sortKey="Gueorguiev, Borislav" sort="Gueorguiev, Borislav" uniqKey="Gueorguiev B" first="Borislav" last="Guéorguiev">Borislav Guéorguiev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">National Museum of Natural History, 1 Blvd. Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wrase, David W" sort="Wrase, David W" uniqKey="Wrase D" first="David W." last="Wrase">David W. Wrase</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Dunckerstr. 78, D-10437 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farka, Jan" sort="Farka, Jan" uniqKey="Farka J" first="Jan" last="Farka">Jan Farka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25147463</idno><idno type="pmc">4137312</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137312</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4137312</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.427.7618</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000446</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Revision of the East Mediterranean <italic>Orthomus</italic> (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of <italic>Parorthomus</italic> gen. n. <italic>socotranus</italic> sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina</title><author><name sortKey="Gueorguiev, Borislav" sort="Gueorguiev, Borislav" uniqKey="Gueorguiev B" first="Borislav" last="Guéorguiev">Borislav Guéorguiev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">National Museum of Natural History, 1 Blvd. Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wrase, David W" sort="Wrase, David W" uniqKey="Wrase D" first="David W." last="Wrase">David W. Wrase</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Dunckerstr. 78, D-10437 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farka, Jan" sort="Farka, Jan" uniqKey="Farka J" first="Jan" last="Farka">Jan Farka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ZooKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1313-2989</idno><idno type="eISSN">1313-2970</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p>The East Mediterranean species of <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic>Orthomus</italic> Chaudoir, 1838 are revised. The type series of <italic>Feronia longula</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>F. berytensis</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>F. proelonga</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>Orthomus longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <italic>O. sidonicus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, and <italic>O. berytensis akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955 were studied and lectotypes for the first four are designated. Also, the following nomenclatural acts are proposed: <italic>Feronia proelonga</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus berytensis</italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); <italic>Feronia elongata</italic> Chaudoir, 1859, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus berytensis</italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); <italic>Orthomus sidonicus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873; <italic>Orthomus velocissimus andalusiacus</italic> Mateu, 1957, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955, new assignment for <italic>Orthomus berytensis akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955. As a result, three species of the genus inhabit the East Mediterranean biogeographical region: <italic>O. berytensis</italic>, <italic>O. longior</italic>, and <italic>O. longulus</italic>. A key to these three species is given. <italic>O. longior</italic> is recorded for Turkey and Syria for the first time. In addition, a new synonymy of two West Mediterranean taxa is proposed: <italic>O. szekessyi</italic> (Jedlička, 1956), <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>O. balearicus</italic> (Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868), and a new genus and a species are described: <italic>Parorthomus</italic><bold>gen. n.</bold><italic>socotranus</italic><bold>sp. n.</bold> (type locality: Republic of Yemen, Socotra Archipelago, Socotra Island, Fimihin env., 530 m.a.s.l.). Illustrations of the species dealt with here are provided including external characters, habitus, mentum and submentum, and genitalia are provided.</p><p>Nine genera of the “African Series” of subtribe Euchroina Chaudoir, 1874 are keyed for the first time. Checklists of the species of <italic>Orthomus</italic> and of the Old World euchroine genera are given.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Apfelbeck, V" uniqKey="Apfelbeck V">V Apfelbeck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Antoine, M" uniqKey="Antoine M">M Antoine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arndt, E" uniqKey="Arndt E">E Arndt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bulirsch, P" uniqKey="Bulirsch P">P Bulirsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casale, A" uniqKey="Casale A">A Casale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gueorguiev, B" uniqKey="Gueorguiev B">B Guéorguiev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaeger, B" uniqKey="Jaeger B">B Jaeger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, J" uniqKey="Schmidt J">J Schmidt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trautner, J" uniqKey="Trautner J">J 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ZooKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25147463</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4137312</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.427.7618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Revision of the East Mediterranean <italic>Orthomus</italic> (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of <italic>Parorthomus</italic> gen. n. <italic>socotranus</italic> sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guéorguiev</surname><given-names>Borislav</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wrase</surname><given-names>David W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farkač</surname><given-names>Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>National Museum of Natural History, 1 Blvd. Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Dunckerstr. 78, D-10437 Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Borislav Guéorguiev (<email xlink:type="simple">gueorguiev@nmnhs.com</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: A. Taglianti</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>427</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Borislav Guéorguiev, David W. Wrase, Jan Farkač</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/FE1E99BF-29D8-4751-BB92-F460E06BD84A">http://zoobank.org/FE1E99BF-29D8-4751-BB92-F460E06BD84A</self-uri><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p>The East Mediterranean species of <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic>Orthomus</italic> Chaudoir, 1838 are revised. The type series of <italic>Feronia longula</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>F. berytensis</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>F. proelonga</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <italic>Orthomus longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <italic>O. sidonicus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, and <italic>O. berytensis akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955 were studied and lectotypes for the first four are designated. Also, the following nomenclatural acts are proposed: <italic>Feronia proelonga</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus berytensis</italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); <italic>Feronia elongata</italic> Chaudoir, 1859, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus berytensis</italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855); <italic>Orthomus sidonicus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873; <italic>Orthomus velocissimus andalusiacus</italic> Mateu, 1957, <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955, new assignment for <italic>Orthomus berytensis akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955. As a result, three species of the genus inhabit the East Mediterranean biogeographical region: <italic>O. berytensis</italic>, <italic>O. longior</italic>, and <italic>O. longulus</italic>. A key to these three species is given. <italic>O. longior</italic> is recorded for Turkey and Syria for the first time. In addition, a new synonymy of two West Mediterranean taxa is proposed: <italic>O. szekessyi</italic> (Jedlička, 1956), <bold>syn. n.</bold> of <italic>O. balearicus</italic> (Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868), and a new genus and a species are described: <italic>Parorthomus</italic><bold>gen. n.</bold><italic>socotranus</italic><bold>sp. n.</bold> (type locality: Republic of Yemen, Socotra Archipelago, Socotra Island, Fimihin env., 530 m.a.s.l.). Illustrations of the species dealt with here are provided including external characters, habitus, mentum and submentum, and genitalia are provided.</p><p>Nine genera of the “African Series” of subtribe Euchroina Chaudoir, 1874 are keyed for the first time. Checklists of the species of <italic>Orthomus</italic> and of the Old World euchroine genera are given.</p></abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd>Coleoptera</kwd><kwd>Carabidae</kwd><kwd>Pterostichini</kwd><kwd><italic>Orthomus</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Parorthomus</italic></kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd>new genus</kwd><kwd>new species</kwd><kwd>new synonyms</kwd><kwd>lectotype designation</kwd><kwd>key</kwd><kwd>checklist</kwd><kwd>East Mediterranean</kwd><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>Republic of Yemen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><sec sec-type="Citation"><title>Citation</title><p>Guéorguiev B, Wrase DW, Farkač J (2014) Revision of the East Mediterranean <italic>Orthomus</italic> (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of <italic>Parorthomus</italic> gen. n. <italic>socotranus</italic> sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina. ZooKeys 427: 21–57. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.427.7618">10.3897/zookeys.427.7618</ext-link></p></sec></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1838 is a Palaearctic genus of pterostichine carabid beetles with Circum-Mediterranean distribution, which includes 23 species (<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet 2003</xref>, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">Lorenz 2005</xref>, <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Wrase and Jeanne 2005</xref>, <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Pupier and Coulon 2013</xref>). The greatest diversity of species is concentrated in the Western Mediterranean, mostly in the Iberian Peninsula and North-West Africa. Only a few species live in the Eastern Mediterranean. The group is often ranked as nominotypical subgenus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> s.l., together with the Macaronesian <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Eutrichopus</named-content></italic> Tschitschérine, 1897 (three species), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Gietopus</named-content></italic> Machado, 1992 (one species), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus</named-content></italic> Bedel, 1899 (eight species), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Wolltinerfia</named-content></italic> Machado, 1985 (two species), and the North-West African <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Trichopedius</named-content></italic> Bedel, 1899 (one species) (Bousquet ibid., Lorenz ibid., <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Serrano et al. 2009</xref>, <xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">Serrano et al. 2012</xref>), but some authors accepted a generic status (<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1954</xref>, <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Machado 1992</xref>, <xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">Ortuño 1996</xref>, <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Wrase and Jeanne 2005</xref>, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Donabauer 2008</xref>).</p><p>A recent work on mitochondrial DNA variations among species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Eutrichopus</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Wolltinerfia</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>, found relatively high genetic divergence between them and suggested dealing with these as distinct genera (<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">Moya et al. 2004</xref>: 3163). Based on established phyletic distance, the last taxon is treated here as an independent genus.</p><p>All the afore-enumerated taxa together with the Afrotropical genera <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1949 and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1988 were referred as to the “African Series” of subtribe <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> Chaudoir, 1874 (<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Will 2006</xref>). The species included in <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> share several derived characters that is exceedingly short or no coronal suture (i), ventrally extended membranous band on the maxillary stipes (ii) in the larvae (<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet and Liebherr 1994</xref>), well-impressed frontal furrows of head, not or hardly attaining the level of anterior supra-orbital puncture (iii), hind trochanters without setae (iv), and “gooseneck” shaped bursa copulatrix (v) in the imago (<xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">Will 2002</xref>, <xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">2006</xref>, <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Frania and Ball 2007</xref>), which suggest monophyletic origin of the subtribe. Besides, most Old World euchroines have relatively large and prominent eyes compared to the size of the head, submentum without lateral setae, distinct parascutellar stria, sternites V-VII with transverse sulci (complete or not), segment 5 of tarsomeres setose beneath and median lobe of aedeagus with dorsal ostium.</p><p>The genus <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cedrorum</named-content></italic> Borges & Serrano, 1993 from the Azores does not belong to this series as its only species, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cedrorum azoricus</named-content></italic> Borges & Serrano, 1993, exhibits a set of features atypical of the euchroines, such as: superficial frontal furrows, submentum with lateral setae, left paramere with a slight transverse aphophysis, falcate right paramere, no transverse sulci on sternites V-VII (contrary to the statement of <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Borges and Serrano 1993</xref>: 320) and segment 5 of tarsomeres glabrous ventrally.</p><p>The East Mediterranean species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> were the object of taxonomic reviews quite a while ago (<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1955</xref>). Since then, however, new data and new material have accumulated. Investigations of material in several European museum and private collections demonstrated that the identifications of the species from the area in question were often incorrect, our investigations proved the occurrence of only three species there. For example, a review of material from Greece, formerly published or identified as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>, revealed that only the latter species inhabits this country (<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">Arndt et al. 2011</xref>: 58). Hence, the necessity to improve our taxonomic knowledge of the East Mediterranean representatives of the genus was the main reason to start this work. Besides, a few years ago one of us (DWW) received a series of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>-like specimens from Socotra Island. Subsequent examination has proven that it belongs to a species and a genus new to science.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Material and methods</title><p>More than 260 specimens of twenty-four species (and one new to science from Yemen) of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> from the Mediterranean and Afrotropical region were examined: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius basilewskyi</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1962, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1988, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1988, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus abacoides</named-content></italic> (Lucas, 1846), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus aquila</named-content></italic> (Coquerel, 1859), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus aubryi</named-content></italic> Jeanne, 1974, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus balearicus</named-content></italic> (Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus barbarus</named-content></italic> (Dejean, 1828), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus formenterrae</named-content></italic> (Breit, 1933), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus penibeticus</named-content></italic> Mateu & Colas, 1954, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus dimorphus dimorphus</named-content></italic> Antoine, 1933, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus dimorphus antoinei</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus discors</named-content></italic> (Wollaston, 1864), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus hispanicus</named-content></italic> (Dejean, 1828), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus lacouri lacouri</named-content></italic> (Antoine, 1941), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus lacouri kocheri</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus leprieuri</named-content></italic> Pic, 1894, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus maroccanus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus perezii</named-content></italic> (Martinez & Saez, 1873), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus planidorsis</named-content></italic> (Fairmaire, 1872), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus rubicundus</named-content></italic> (Coquerel, 1859), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus starkei</named-content></italic> Wrase & Jeanne, 2005, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus tazekensis tazekensis</named-content></italic> (Antoine, 1941), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus tazekensis rifensis</named-content></italic> Wrase & Jeanne, 2005, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus velocissimus</named-content></italic> (Waltl, 1835), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus pardoi</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1957. For comparison we examined also several specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cedrorum azoricus azoricus</named-content></italic> Borges & Serrano, 1993 and of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cedrorum azoricus caveirensis</named-content></italic> Borges & Serrano, 1993, a species not belonging to the euchroines.</p><p>The lectotypes are designated and validated in order to stabilize the nomenclature in the genus according to Article 74.7.3 of the Code (<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">ICZN 1999</xref>). Without this action, our concept of some “well-known” species would be uncertain, because in many instances, we dealt with type-series consisting of two or more species, and the series are divided between two museums.</p><p>Male specimens were boiled in water and their genitalia were extracted, put in 10% <roman>KOH</roman> solution, then washed and neutralized and then stored in glycerine. The <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>figures were made with Zeiss transmitted-light microscope. After that, the aedeagus and parameres were embedded in Euparal either on the same card with specimen from which they were extracted or on a separate transparent label beneath the specimen from whom they were removed. The measurements and other drawings were made with the aid of an Olympus SZX10 stereobinocular. The photos of habitus and pronotum were made with a Zeiss Stemi 2000 microscope equipped with an AxioCam ERc 5s camera.</p><p>Measurements: <abbrev><def><p>body length from the apex of the longer mandible to the apex of the longer elytron </p></def>(BL)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>maximum linear distance across the head, including the eyes </p></def>(HW)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>maximum width of pronotum </p></def>(PW)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>length of pronotum, measured from the apical margin to the basal margin along the midline </p></def>(PL)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>width of the pronotal base, between the tips of the hind angles </p></def>(PbW)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>length of elytra, from a line connecting the apices of the humeral angles to the apex of the longer elytron </p></def>(EL)</abbrev>; <abbrev><def><p>maximum width of elytra </p></def>(EW)</abbrev>. The surface of the paramere close-fitting to the distal part of the median lobe of the aedeagus is denoted as internal face, on the contrary the second surface is the external face.</p><p>The material examined is housed in the collections listed below:</p><p><abbrev>BMNH<def><p> The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (Max Barkley)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>CRHG<def><p> Christoph Reuter collection, Hamburg, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>DWBG<def><p> David W. Wrase collection, Berlin, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>HLMD<def><p> Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (Sabine Wamser)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>IRSNB<def><p> Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (Alain Drumont)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>JFPC<def><p> Jan Farkač collection, Prague, Czech Republic</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>JSAG<def><p> Joachim Schmidt collection, Admannshagen, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MBAP<def><p> Museo del Dipartimento di Biologia Animale dell’Università, Pavia, Italy (Edoardo Razzetti, Stefano Maretti)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MHNG<def><p> Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland (Julio Cuccodoro)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MIZ<def><p> Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland (Dominika Mierzwa)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MNH<def><p> Entomologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (Thierry Deuve, Azadeh Taghavian)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MPHG<def><p> Manfred Persohn collection, Herxheimweyer, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MRAC<def><p> Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium (Marc De Meyer)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>NMNHS<def><p> National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria (Borislav Guéorguiev)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>NMPC<def><p> Národní museum v Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (Jiří Hájek)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>NMW<def><p> Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria (Harald Schillhammer)</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>PSHG<def><p> Peer H. Schnitter collection, Halle, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>RFBN<def><p> Ron Felix collection, Berkel-Enschot, the Netherlands</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>TAU<def><p> National Collection of Insects, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (Laibale Friedman)</p></def></abbrev></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><abbrev>TFPG<def><p> Thomas Forcke collection, Pforzheim, Germany</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>VSKC<def><p> Vladimir Skoupý collection, Kamenné Žehrovice, Czech Republic</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>ZMAN<def><p> Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Ben Brugge)</p></def></abbrev></p></sec><sec><title>Taxonomy</title><sec sec-type="Key to the Old World genera of Euchroina"><title>Key to the Old World genera of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content></title><table-wrap content-type="key" orientation="portrait" id="d36e785" position="anchor"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tarsomeres of all legs glabrous dorsally. Elytra with parascutellar striae well-engraved (long in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus</named-content></italic> gen. n., short in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tarsomeres of all legs pubescent dorsally. Elytra with parascutellar striae vestigial or lacking</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytra with discal setiferous punctures in interval 3 / stria 3. Mentum tooth bifid</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytra without discal setiferous punctures. Mentum tooth hardly excavate (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes aculeatus</named-content></italic>) or round (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius basilewskyi</named-content></italic>) at tip</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1949</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytra with two setiferous punctures in interval 3 / stria 3, with last puncture in medial third of elytron</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytra with three to four setiferous punctures in interval 3 / stria 3, with last puncture in posterior third of elytron</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus</named-content></italic> gen. n.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum subquadrate (sides straight or slightly narrowed towards hind angles), with anterior angles slightly to moderately prominent forward. Abdominal sternites V-VII with transverse sulci complete and well-impressed</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum subtrapezoid (sides broadened towards hind angles), with fore angles fairly prominent forward. Abdominal sternites V-VII with transverse sulci distinct only laterally (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus annae</named-content></italic> Donabauer, 2008, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus bedelianus</named-content></italic> Lutshnik, 1915 and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus dilaticollis</named-content></italic> Wollaston, 1854) or lacking (remaining species)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus</named-content></italic> Bedel, 1899</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species with intercoxal process of prothorax bordered and distribution in the Mediterranean biogeographical region</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1838</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species with intercoxal process of prothorax slightly bordered (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic>) or unbordered (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content></italic>) and distribution in the Afrotropical biogeographic region (Malawi)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1988</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Smaller species (less than 6 mm), with continental distribution in northwest Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Trichopedius</named-content></italic> Bedel, 1899</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Larger species (more than 6 mm), with insular distribution in the Macaronesian biogeographical region</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head with distinct eyes and paraorbital sulci not extended behind posterior margin of eye. Elytra truncate apically</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Eutrichopus</named-content></italic> Tschitschérine, 1897</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head with very small or no eyes and paraorbital sulci grooved, extended behind posterior margin of eye toward neck. Elytra rounded apically</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>8</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sides of pronotum straight towards hind angles. Elytra not narrowed basally</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Gietopus</named-content></italic> Machado, 1992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sides of pronotum distinctly concave towards hind angles. Elytra narrowed basally</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Wolltinerfia</named-content></italic> Machado, 1985</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="Checklist of the Old World genera of Euchroina"><title>Checklist of the Old World genera of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content></title><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic></bold> Straneo, 1949 – Republic of South Africa</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic></bold> Straneo, 1988 – Malawi</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Eutrichopus</named-content></italic></bold> Tschitschérine, 1897 – Canary Islands</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Gietopus</named-content></italic></bold> Machado, 1992 – Canary Islands</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus</named-content></italic></bold> Bedel, 1899 – Madeira</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic></bold> Chaudoir, 1838 – Canary Islands, Mediterranean</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus</named-content></italic></bold> gen. n. – Socotra</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Trichopedius</named-content></italic></bold> Bedel, 1899 – Algeria</p><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Wolltinerfia</named-content></italic></bold> Machado, 1985 – Canary Islands</p></sec><sec sec-type="I. Revision of the East Mediterranean Orthomus species"><title>I. Revision of the East Mediterranean <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> species</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">berytensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">(Reiche & Saulcy, 1855)</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">, 4</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">, 8</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 12</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">, 16</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) berytensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 618 (type locality: “De Beyrouth”)</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) longula</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 616, part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) proelonga</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 619 (type locality: “Des bords du Jourdain”), syn. n.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia elongata</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chaudoir, 1859: 116 (type locality: “Moräa, Beyruth und Alexandrien.”), syn. n.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia varinii</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ? Gautier des Cottes, 1866: 178 (type locality: “Sardinia”)</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia atlantica</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Fairmaire, 1875: 543 (type locality: “Mogador” [Essaouira, Morocco])</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Othomus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> [sic] <italic>longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873: 105, part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Orthomus) barbara</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> : Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1876: 416</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus berytensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> : Mateu, 1955: 56, 76</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus muluyensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Antoine, 1957: 205 (type locality: Guercif)</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus (Orthomus) haligena</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Wollaston, 1860: 87 (type locality: “Great Salvage”)</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Note"><title>Note.</title><p>The taxon <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic>haligena</italic>, described from the Salvage Islands belongs to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (see <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Machado 1992</xref>: 260, <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">Lorenz 1998</xref>: 249, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>: 265) and not to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic> where it was quoted by <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet (2003</xref>: 477), as a subspecies, erroneously with the distribution data Madeira. The examination of 13 specimens (Ilhas Selvagens, Selvagem Grande, SE. sublittoral zone, 65-90 m (under stones), XI/XII 2006, D. Putzer leg., DWBG) in comparison with specimens from the Canaries and from Morocco revealed some differences, namely a smaller body size and a strong elytral reticulation in males, almost as strong as in females. These differences could suggest that we deal with a distinct taxon but further investigations are needed. The taxonomic status of the names <italic>atlantica</italic> and <italic>muluyensis</italic>, both partly considered in the literature as a “forma” or a subspecies of <italic>berytensis</italic> or as a synonym to this name must be cleared up by further investigation of a larger sample of material.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855.</bold> Consists of six syntypes, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ preserved in MHNG and 1 ♂ in MNHP. The study revealed conspecificity. The specimens in MHNG are placed under a Melly’s taxa label “<italic>longulus</italic> Reiche, var: <italic>berytensis</italic> Reiche. ” [handwritten by Melly with pen]. Further, all specimens bear individually the following two labels “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label] and “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche var. <italic>berytensis</italic> Reiche Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by Cuccodoro]. In addition, the male selected as lectotype with label, subsequently added: “Lectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label], the remaining five: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. The genitalia of the lectotype and of a further male paralectotype from MHNG were examined and glued to cards, pinned beneath the specimens from which they had been removed. The specimen from MNHP is a male, with previously extracted genitalia and glued on a separate card pinned beneath the specimen. This sample bears two old labels equal in size and type: “<italic>berytensis</italic> type Reiche” [handwritten on white label by Mateu], “Syrie” [handwritten on white label by Chaudoir], as well as a new one: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. All six specimens with a label, subsequently added: “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p><p>We got the information that the part of the Reiche collection housed in MHNG was integrated into the general collection (which was build up essentially from the collection of André Melly) with all specimens with: “Coll. Reiche” but usually there are neither locality, nor identification labels attached to individual specimens, and that identification and locality data figure only on the 'taxa labels' (handwritten by Melly) pinned to the bottom of the drawer, which have thus to be considered as pertaining collectively to the specimens pinned above (Cuccodoro in litt.). The species was described from “Beyruth”, taking into consideration the above mentioned facts concerning labelling of the types we suppose the above mentioned typical specimens as coming from the type locality.</p><p><bold>Type material. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 (specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>).</bold> The type series in MHNG contains two specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>: 1 ♀, “Jaffa, Syrie” [Reiche's handwriting on yellow label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro]; 1 ♂, “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche ‘Egypte, Syrie.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro], and with labels subsequently added: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p><p><bold>Type material. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia proelonga</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855.</bold> Consists of 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ preserved in MHNG and 1 ♂ in MNHP, all conspecific. The specimens in MHNG are placed under a Melly’s taxa label “var: <italic>praelongus</italic> Reiche, Palestine” [handwritten by A. Melly with pen]. One male specimen, chosen for lectotype bears the following labels: “Jourdain” [Reiche's handwriting on yellow label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus praelongu</named-content></italic> [sic!] Reiche ‘Palestine.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by Cuccodoro], “Lectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia proelonga</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. One male and two females from MHNG: “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus praelongu</named-content></italic> [sic!] Reiche ‘Palestine.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro], “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia proelonga</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label] are accordingly designated. All four specimens with a label, subsequently added: “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label]. The genitalia of the lectotype and the male paralectype from MHNG examined by ourselves (the apices of both median lobes were found damaged!) and glued to cards together with the respective specimens. The specimen from MNHP, designated as paralectotype, was with previously extracted genitalia. Its aedeagus and parameres are glued to a separate card pinned beneath the specimen. Additionally, this paralectotype bears two old labels equal in size and type: “<italic>proelongus</italic> type Reiche” [handwritten on white label by Mateu] and “Jourdain” [handwritten on white label by Chaudoir], as well as a new one: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia proelonga</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. All specimens with a label, subsequently added: “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p><p>The study of the type material of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia proelonga</named-content></italic> found that this taxon is to be removed from synonymy with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus barbarus</named-content></italic> (cfr. <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet 2003</xref>: 477) and treated as conspecific with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>. Originally, it was separated by the authors in the relatively shorter size of body and pronotum seemingly more transversal, with two basal impressions distinct and strongly punctured. We found such variations in the populations of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> coming from modern-day Israel.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><bold>Type material. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia elongata</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1859.</bold> We were unable to find any type specimen(s) of this taxon, but the description and especially the distribution Chaudoir gave for his species (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Chaudoir 1859</xref>: 116) let us draw the conclusion that he dealt with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>. This view is consistent with that of <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Chaudoir (1873</xref>: 105) who synonymized his <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus elongatus</named-content></italic> partly with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> sensu <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Wollaston (1864</xref>: 47), and <xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">Wollaston (1865</xref>: 39), which concerns, according to <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Machado (1992</xref>: 259), <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>. On the other side, the first locality listed by the author from among the type one is “Moräa”. Morea was the name of the Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece during the early modern period (ca. 1500–1800). At present, based on recent data (<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">Arndt et al. 2011</xref>: 58, present work: ‘Other material studied’), we certainly know that only <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> inhabits this part of the East Mediterranean. Therefore we propose the synonymy of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia elongata</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic>.</p><p><bold>Type material. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 (specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>).</bold> The type series in MNHP contains 3 ♀♀ which belong to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>. These samples are considered syntypes of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> as they and a fourth specimen, which is here designated lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> (for that specimen see under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>), were found alongside in the former collection of René and Charles Oberthür who acquired the Chaudoir collection. Each of the three specimens bears the labels: “<italic>longior</italic>” [red handwritten with ball-pen on white label by Mateu], and, subsequently added: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label], and: “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Other material studied"><title>Other material studied.</title><p><bold>IMPRECISE LOCALITY:</bold> 1 ♂, “Syrie Gory.” (MHNG).</p><p><bold>GREECE:</bold> 1 ♂, “Graecia” / “Sammlung Schroeder” (MIZ); 1 ♀, “L. Miller Graecia” (ZMAN). <bold>Atticí:</bold> 1 ♂, “Graecia Attica”, von Oertzen” (ZMAN); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, “b. Athen v. O.” (ZMAN); 1 ♂, Peloponnes”, X 2009, Umlauf leg. (DWBG). <bold>Crete:</bold> Rethymno Prefecture, 1 ♀, “Adele, IV.1986, Egger leg.” (NMW).</p><p><bold>NORTHERN CYPRUS: Gazimağusa District:</bold> 2 ♀♀, Agia Napa, 8.IV.1983, J. Nielsen leg (DWBG); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 km W Agia Napa, 9.-14.IV.1999, A. Pütz leg. (DWBG); 1 ♀, Agia Napa env., middle IV 1998, M. Sieber leg. (DWBG); 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Ydatodexameni Kouklion, Mantres tou Prastio, ca 16 km W Famagusta, 500 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">35°07'N, 33°46'E</named-content> (fallow land with Salicornia/Sueda), 20.II.2011, D.W.Wrase leg. [5] (DWBG); 2 ♂♂, same data but: loamy field edge (DWBG).</p><p><bold>UN BUFFER ZONE</bold> (Cyprus): 5 spec., Achna dam, 11.12.2006, under stones, K. Austin & E. Small leg. (BMNH, NMNHS).</p><p><bold>REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS: Larnaca District:</bold> 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Pyla [“Pula”], 22.I.1992, J. Hořyna leg. (DWBG).</p><p><bold>SYRIA: Gouvernement Dar'a:</bold> 1 ♀, Buṣrā (free zone), 100 km S Damascus, 5.XII.2007, R. Kmeco leg. (DWBG).</p><p><bold>ISRAEL:</bold> 1 ♂, Palestine Negev, 8.2.19, leg. Bythinsky-Salz (TAU); 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Palestyna Dzebata 25.XII.25 (MIZ). - <bold>Jerusalem District:</bold> 1 ♂, Kiryat Anavim, 8.4.1948 (TAU). <bold>Northern District:</bold> 1 spec., Golan, Tel Quazir, 29.3.-26.4.87, Richter leg. (NMW). - <bold>Tel Aviv District:</bold> 1 ♂, Tel-Aviv, 19.X.1987, G. Coulon leg. (TAU). <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>- <bold>Central District:</bold> 1 ♂, 1 ♀, SW Khadera (brackish pond), 27.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Nitsanim, dunes betw. Ashdod and Ashkelon, 29.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Haifa District:</bold> 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Atlit, 16.XI.1998, V. Chikatunov leg. (TAU); 2 ♀♀, Salines at Atlit, S Haifa, 30.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG). - <bold>South District:</bold> 1 ♀, Revivim, 2.8.1958, Coll. Krystal J. (TAU); 1 ♀, Segula, Qiryat Gat, 5.v.1996, V. Chikatunov leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, Ashdod, 7.12.96, R. Hoffman leg. (TAU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ofaqim, 11.ii.1997, L. Friedman leg. (TAU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Ha Bsor, Nakhal Bsor, ca 12 km SW Ofakim (banks, leaf litter, under plants, sifted), 22.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Gilat, SW Jerusalem, E Gaza, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">31°20'N, 34°40'E</named-content>, olive plantation, 29.III.2011, M. Kurtz leg. (MPHG).</p><p><bold>Gaza Strip:</bold> 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Env. Gaza, 30.III.1987, W. Heinz leg. (DWBG); 9 spec., Gaza Umg., 29.3.–26.4.87, Richter leg. (NMW).</p><p><bold>LIBYA: Tripoli District:</bold> 8 spec., Tripoli, 0-20 m, 12-18.04.1998, P. Beron leg. (NMNHS); 1 ♀, Tripoli, IV 1982, Březina leg. (DWBG); 4 spec., Tripoli, Soani Road, 4.XII.1982, V. Pamukov leg. (NMNHS); 1 ♀, 4 km W Sidi Muhammad al Mabkhud, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">32°28'53.3"N, 20°56'29.4"E</named-content>, 333 m, 21.V.2002, A. Reiter leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Binghazi District:</bold> 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tolmeitha (Ptolemais), 19.III.2000, J. Kny & P. Ru<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>dich leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Jabal al Akhdar District:</bold> 1 ♂, Susa, Apollonia, 22.II.83, O. Kodym leg. (DWBG).</p><p><bold>EGYPT:</bold> 2 ♀♀, Cairo-Alexandria, 8.5.1956, W. Kühnell leg. (NMW). - <bold>Faiyum Governorate:</bold> 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Kom Oshim, 1.5.1956, W. Kühnell leg. (NMW). - <bold>North Sinai Governorate:</bold> 1 ♀, El-Arish 11.1.57, A. Sabay leg. (TAU). - <bold>Alexandria Governorate:</bold> 1 ♂, 100 km S Alexandria, 19.I.1994, W. Ullrich leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Beni Suef Governorate:</bold> 1 ♂, 1 ♀, El Shanawaya, 1.IX.1994, W. Ullrich leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, the same but 29.V.1995 (DWBG); 1 ♀, the same but 4.VI.1995 (DWBG); 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, the same but 12.V.1995 (DWBG). - <bold>Cairo Governorate:</bold> 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Helwan, 19.I.1931, W. Roszkowski leg. (MIZ); 1 ♀, El Maadi, 8.XI.1993, W. Ullrich leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Ismaïlia Governorate:</bold> 3 ♀♀, Abu Suweir-el-Mahatta, 19.XII.1995, W. Ullrich leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Waraura, 4.VI.1995, W. Ullrich leg. (DWBG).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution in eastern Mediterranean area"><title>Distribution in eastern Mediterranean area.</title><p>Reported from Greece: Greek mainland (“Attika” [Attica], Ionian Island (“Zante [Zakynthos]), <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Apfelbeck 1904</xref>: 257, as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus barbarus</named-content></italic>, and Aegean Islands (“Rodos” [Rhodes]), <xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">Schatzmayr 1935</xref>: 242, as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus barbarus</named-content></italic>, 1942: 67, as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus barbarus longulus</named-content></italic>). In Greece recently collected only on Crete and also on the Peloponnese. Turkey (<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Casale and Vigna Taglianti 1999</xref>: 382), Syria (only in the extreme South West), Israel, Gaza Strip, on Cyprus, in Libya (coastal regions), and Egypt (mainly in the North West).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">longior</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Chaudoir, 1873</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 2</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">, 5</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">, 9</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 13</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">, 17</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Othomus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> [sic!] <italic>longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873: 105 (type locality: “Sidon”), (as locality of LT), part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) longula</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 616, part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus sidonicus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chaudoir, 1873: 110 (type locality: “Sidon (Syrie)” [Saïda, Lebanon], syn. n.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus sidonicus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> : Mateu, 1955: 56, 63</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 (specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>).</bold> Consists of 4 ♀♀ preserved in MNHP, investigation revealed non-conspecificity. Three specimens are identical with the lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (for these specimens see under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>). The fourth female possesses labels: “Sidon” [handwritten on white label by Chaudoir], “<italic>longior</italic>” [handwritten in red with ball-pen on white label by Mateu]. This specimen is conspecific with the holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus sidonicus</named-content></italic>. As only that bears a locality label we choose this one as lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>. This action led to the synonymy of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus sidonicus</named-content></italic>. The two names are published on the same date in the same work (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Chaudoir 1873</xref>). As “first reviewing authors”, we give precedence of the former following the Article 24.2.2 of the Code (<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">ICZN 1999</xref>). Hence, the specimen in question is supplied with additional label: “Lectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label].</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><bold>Type material. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 (specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>).</bold> The following three male and one female specimen belong to the type series of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> (MHNG, see below). The study of the genitalia of all males, as well as the external characters of both sexes proved that all specimens belong to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>: 1 ♂, “Beyrouth” [Reiche's handwriting on yellow label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro]; 1 ♂, “<italic>longulus</italic>” [Reiche's handwriting on white label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche ‘Egypte, Syrie.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro]; 1 ♂, “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche ‘Egypte, Syrie.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by G. Cuccodoro]; 1 ♀, “Nazareth” [Reiche's handwriting on yellow label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by Cuccodoro]. All specimens with labels, subsequently added: “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p><p><bold>Type material. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus sidonicus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873.</bold> Holotype ♂ in MNHP, with extracted genitalia. The median lobe and parameres are well preserved and glued on a separate card pinned beneath the specimen. The specimen bears the following labels: “Sidon.” [handwritten on white label by Chaudoir], “<italic>sidonicus</italic> Chaud.” [handwritten in red with ball-pen on white label by Mateu], and, subsequently added: “Holotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus sidonicus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873” [black print on red label by Guéorguiev], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873 det. B. Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Other material studied"><title>Other material studied.</title><p><bold>ISRAEL: Northern District:</bold> 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Upper Galilee, Nahal Kziv, 30.i.1999 / 6.iii.1999, M. Finkel (TAU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Upper Galilee, Meron Mts., Meron Field School, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>ca 1000 m (open woodland), 8.–20.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Upper Galilee, Meron Mts., Har Meron, 850 m (cedar/pine forest, pitfall trap), 6.V.1996, P. Schnitter & K. Staven leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Upper Galilee, Meron Mts., Nakhar (Wadi) Moran, 1 km W Meron field school, ca 900 m (N. slope, slope spring, under stones), 11.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♀, Upper Galilee, Meron Mts., Har Meron, Kamin Rom, 1100 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">32°59.447'N, 035°24.669'E</named-content> (open stony grazing land, limestone), 1.IV.2008 D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Upper Galilee, Ya’ar Bar’am, ca 1.5 km W Jish (Gush Khalav), ca. 700 m (edge of oak forest), 9.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, N. Golan Heights, Qalat Nimrod, 300–600 m 7.IV.1985, W. Heinz leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Golan Heights 19.iv.1994, M. Warburg leg. (TAU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Golan Heights, Mas’ada, Ya’ar Odem Reserve, 934 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">33°13.449'N, 035°45.184'E</named-content> (grazing woodland, oaks, litter sifted), 21.IV.2006, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Golan Heights, Ya’ar Odem S Mas’ada, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">33°13.449'N, 035°45.184'E</named-content>, 934 m (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus boissieri</named-content></italic>/<italic>calliprinos</italic> forest, under stones), 10.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Haifa District:</bold> 1 ♀, Haifa [“Syrien Haifa Reitter”] (NMW); Carmel Ridge: 1 ♀, Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, 15.11.1995, Pavlicek & Chikatunov leg. (TAU); 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, ‘En Ya’aqov, 23.iii.2006 / 8.ii.2007 / 19.iii.2007, I. Schtirberg’ (TAU).</p><p><bold>LEBANON: Muhāfazat Bayrūt:</bold> 2 ♀♀, Beirut [“Beyruth, Syr. coll. Plason” / “<italic>sidonicus</italic> Chd. det. Ing. Jedlička”] (MIZ). 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, E Bayrūt, Faytroun, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">34°.00'N, 35°44'E</named-content>, ca. 1100 m, 30.X.2012, Chr. Reuter leg. (CRHG, DWBG). 14 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, S Bayrūt, Dammour env., ca. 200 m, pitfall trap, II 2013, Chr. Reuter leg. (CRHG, DWBG, JSAG, NMNHS). - <bold>Chouf District:</bold> 1 ♀, Barouk, Mount Lebanon, El Mir massif, 1700-1950 m, 20.V.2006, T. Tichý leg. (DWBG.). - <bold>Keserwan District:</bold> 4 ♀♀, Balloun at Jitra, S Jounié, 600 m, 9./14.IV.1997, W. Heinz leg. (DWBG). 10 ♀♀, Rayfoun, ca. <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">33°58'N, 35°42'E</named-content>, mixed decidous forest, 800–900 m, 18.XI.2012, Chr. Reuter leg. (CRHG, DWBG, JSAG, NMNHS). 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, same data but: mixed oak forest, ca. 990 m, 15.III.2013 (CRHG, DWBG). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but: 30.III.–15.IV.2013 (CRHG, DWBG).</p><p><bold>SYRIA: Al-Lādhiqīyah:</bold> 2 ♀♀, Lattaki-Slenfe, 27.4.1990, Reuter leg. (NMW); 1 ♂, Şlinfah, Abal an Nusayriah Mt., 1200 m, 24.–26.V.1995, P. Kabátek leg. (DWBG); 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Jabāl Ansarya, At Tammāzah, 790 m, 34.15.404N, 030.10.136E, 20.XII.2006, R. Sehnal leg. (DWBG); 1 ♀, Slenfeh, 18.4.2010, Vl. Skoupý leg. (VSKC).</p><p><bold>TURKEY: Antalya Province:</bold> 1 ♀, Alanya-Yayla, 1000 m, 13.5.1987, Steiner leg. (NMW); 1 ♀, Manavgat, Kiselot, 3.1.91, 10 m HN, Wunderle leg. (NMW); 1 ♂, Antalya env., 8.II.1999, J. Blümel leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Avsallar near Incekum beach, 22 km W Alanya, 9.-23.V.1995, A. Pütz leg. (DWBG); 2 ♀♀, Incekum, env. Avsallar, under stone, II 1999, Schlarbaum leg. (TFPG); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Gedevit-Yayla near Alanya, ca 1100 m, 10.IV.1992, W. Heinz leg (DWBG, JSAG); 1 ♂, Karaburu near Alanya, middle V 1997, M. Sieber leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Manavgat env., 3.I.1991, V. Assing leg. (DWBG); 1 ♀, E. Taurus Mts., Çaltepe env. (Manavgat District), 1600 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">37.18N, 31.12E</named-content> (subalpine), 10.–14.VI.2004, P. Croy leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Hatay Province:</bold> 1 ♀, W Yayladaği, 475 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">35°54'30.8"N, 36°01'11.3"E</named-content></named-content>, 05.-10.05.2006, Schnitter leg. (PSHG).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
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</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Wrong locality"><title>Wrong locality.</title><p>1 ♀, Amasya: Amasya [“Amasia coll. Kraatz”] (DWBG).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Male genitalia"><title>Male genitalia</title><p>(15 specimens examined).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Turkey (only Antalya and Hatay Province), Syria (only Latakia Governorate), Lebanon (several coastal districts), North Israel (Northern District; Haifa District). First species records to Turkey and Syria.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">longulus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">(Reiche & Saulcy, 1855)</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 3</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">, 6</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">, 10</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 14</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) longula</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 616 (type locality: “De Beyrouth”), part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia (Argutor) berytensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 618, part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chaudoir, 1873: 105, part</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> s.str.: <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1955</xref>: 56, 60</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 (specimens belonging to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic>).</bold> The type series of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> consists of 11 syntypes, 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ of them in MHNG and 1 ♂ in MNHP. The specimens in MHNG are placed under a Melly’s taxa label “<italic>longulus</italic> Reiche., Egypte, Syrie” [handwritten by Melly with pen] pinned to the bottom of the drawer, which thus are to be considered as pertaining collectively to all specimens. Our revision revealed that the specimens in MHNG are not conspecific but belong to three distinct species. Three males and one female belong to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> (for these specimens see under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>), while another male and another female belong to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (for these specimens see under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>). Only four females are representatives of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic>, labelled individually as follow. One female selected for lectotype: “…” [handwritten remnant on small quadratic yellow label], “Beyrouth” [Reiche's handwriting on brown label], “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by Cuccodoro], “Lectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]; 3 ♀♀, “Coll. Reiche” [black print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> Reiche ‘Egypte, Syrie.’ Label MHNG 2010” [black print on white label by Cuccodoro], “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. The specimen from MNHP is a male, with previously extracted genitalia and glued to a separate card pinned beneath the specimen. The most part of its aedeagus is destroyed, certainly by a species of the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Anthrenus</named-content></italic> Geoffroy, 1762, but the apical lamella is still preserved. This male is conspecific with the above last four females from MHNG and it is designated as paralectotype, too: “<italic>longulus</italic> type Reiche” [handwritten on white label by Mateu], “Paralectotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 B.Guéorguiev & D.W.Wrase des. 2012” [black print on red label]. All five specimens, pertaining to the true <italic>longulus</italic>, with a label, subsequently added: “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy) det. B.Guéorguiev” [black print on white label].</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Other material studied"><title>Other material studied.</title><p><bold>ISRAEL:</bold> - <bold>Northern District:</bold> 1 ♂, “Palestine. …Galilee XII.1924 O. Theodor.” (BMNH); 1 spec., “Nazaret, 17.3.-3.4.87, Kfar …. L. Blumenthal leg.” (NMW); 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Megiddo, Ein Ha’emek, 230 m, Getreideacker, 08.V.1996, Schnitter & Staven leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, “Merom Golan, 12.VI.2000, V. Chikatunov leg.” (TAU); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Upper Galilee, N. sea shore of Sea of Galilee, Ein Sheva (Tabkha), -192 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">32°52.453'N, 035°32.726'E</named-content> (stony and loamy pasture), 25.IV.2006, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, Lower Galilee, ca 4 km W Tamra, (route 70), <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">32°51.799'N, 035°10.292'E</named-content> (loamy field edge), 25 m, 25.IV.2006 D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG); 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, Upper Galilee, Ha Khula Valley, Ma’agar Einan lake, 73 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">33°05.137'N, 035°34.730'E</named-content> (toe of dam, in moist loamy soil), 1./2.V.2006 D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG, JSAG); 1 ♂, Bir el Maksur, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">32°45.901'N, 035°13.883'E</named-content>, 23.II.2005, W. Starke leg. (DWBG); 1 ♀, Nazareth, Kfar ?Hochbreeh, 17.III.-3.IV.1987, Blumenthal leg. (DWBG). - <bold>Haifa District:</bold> 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Haifa [“Syrien Haifa Reitter”] (BMNH, MHNG, MIZ, NMW); 1 ♀, Mount Carmel, 23.XII.25 (MIZ); 4 ♀♀, Haifa, 15.XII.1941 / 8.I.1942 / 4.XII.1954 Bytinski-Salz (TAU); 1 ♀, Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, 18.3.1996, Pavliček & Chikatunov leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, Haifa, Check Post, 8.II.2000, V. Chikatunov & T. Pavliček leg. (TAU); 1 ♂, Mount Carmel, Ya’ar ha- Ya’aramin ca. 500 m (under stones), 30.III.2008, D.W.Wrase leg. (DWBG).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Wrong locality"><title>Wrong locality.</title><p>1 ♂, “42 St.” / “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> Reich. Portugal Dr Stierlin (above), 2. b. (underneath)” (MHNG).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Male genitalia"><title>Male genitalia</title><p>(9 specimens examined).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>North Israel (Northern District; Haifa District), Lebanon (Beyrouth, type material).</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Key to the East Mediterranean species of Orthomus Chaudoir"><title>Key to the East Mediterranean species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir</title><table-wrap content-type="key" orientation="portrait" id="d36e1994" position="anchor"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abdominal sternites densely and deeply punctured and rugose laterally</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abdominal sternites superficially punctured or smooth laterally</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum with hind angles obtuse at tip, often with small denticles protruding laterally (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 16</xref>). All discal setiferous punctures of elytra as a rule situated close to or in stria 3. Elytral striae smooth, sometimes with a shallow punctuation. Mesepisternum smooth or with shallow punctuation only. Elytral microsculpture in females consisting of isodiametric meshes almost regularly arranged (as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic>). Median lobe of aedeagus toward apex distinctly shifted to the left, apical lamella narrowed distally, almost round at tip (dorsal aspect) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 4</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">8</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum with hind angles almost right-angled, rounded at tip (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 17</xref>). Second discal setiferous punctures of elytra mostly adjoining stria 2 (rarely one or two punctures in the middle of interval 3; by exception one puncture adjoining stria 3). Elytral striae ± strongly punctured throughout. Mesepisternum with <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>distinct, dense and coarse punctuation. Elytral microsculpture in females somewhat irregular, consisting of isodiametric meshes mixed with little transverse meshes. Apical lamella of median lobe with a single angle at left side, right side rounded (dorsal aspect) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 6</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">10</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytral striae smooth, sometimes with a weak punctuation laterally and apically, situation of elytral discal punctures as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic>. Elytral microsculpture in females consisting of isodiametric meshes almost regularly arranged (as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic>). Pronotum with hind angles almost right-angled at tip, with small denticles protruding laterally, similar to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (populations from Turkey) or with hind angles somewhat obtuse-angled, rounded at tip, as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic>, rarely with suggestion of a denticle (populations from Lebanon, Syria, Israel). Apical lamella of median lobe angled at both sides (dorsal aspect) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 5</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">9</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 1–3.</label><caption><p>Habitus. <bold>1</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Tel-Aviv” <bold>2</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, male, “Upper Galilee, Ya’ar Bar’am” <bold>3</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Upper Galilee, Ha Khula Valley, Ma’agar Einan lake”. Scale bar = 2 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 4–7.</label><caption><p>Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view. <bold>4</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic><bold>5</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, paralectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy <bold>6</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Megiddo” <bold>7</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic>. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 8–11.</label><caption><p>Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view. <bold>8</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855): lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic><bold>9</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, paralectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy <bold>10</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Megiddo” <bold>11</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic>. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 12–15.</label><caption><p>Right paramere, internal face. <bold>12</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855): lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia berytensis</named-content></italic><bold>13</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, paralectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia longula</named-content></italic> Reiche & Saulcy <bold>14</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longulus</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Megiddo” <bold>15</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955, holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic>. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 16–17.</label><caption><p>Pronotum posterior right angle. <bold>16</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> (Reiche & Saulcy, 1855), male, “Tel-Aviv” <bold>17</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus longior</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1873, male, “Upper Galilee, Ya’ar Bar’am”.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g005"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="II. Notes on West Mediterranean Orthomus species"><title>II. Notes on West Mediterranean <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> species</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">velocissimus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">akbensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Mateu, 1955</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 7</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">, 11</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 15</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Mateu, 1955: 57, 74 (type locality: “Akbes, Siria”, patria falsa)</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia hesperica</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ? Motschulsky, 1849: 73 (type locality: “le midi de l’Espagne”)</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus expansus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> form. <italic>transiens</italic> Mateu, 1957: 99, unavailable</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus expansus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> form. <italic>malacensis</italic> Mateu, 1957: 99, unavailable</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus andalusiacus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Mateu, 1957: 103 (type locality: “Prov. de Málaga: Gobantes”), syn. n.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus expansus malacensis</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Jeanne, 1981: 45 (type locality: “Málaga”)</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p><bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1955.</bold> Holotype ♂ (IRSNB): “Holotypo” [print on red label], “Syrie Akbes” [print on white label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>akbesensis</italic> [sic!] mihi J. Mateu det., 1951” [mixed handwritten & print on white label]. Genitalia extracted, well preserved, glued to a separate card pinned beneath the specimen.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Other material studied"><title>Other material studied.</title><p><bold>PORTUGAL:</bold> - <bold>Faro:</bold> 1 ♂, Lagos env. 27./28.X.2006, V. Neuman leg. (cWR). 1 ♀, E Bensafrim, N Lagos, 28.III.1995, Chr. Bayer leg. (cWR). 1 ♀, Sagres, 4.IV.1989, M. Sachez (cWR). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sagres, 1 km from coast, 9.IV.1992, V. & C. Neumann leg. (cWR). 1 ♂, Sierra Monchique, Cabo de Sáo Vicente, 11.V.1992, V. & C. Neumann leg. (cWR). 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Carvoeiro, 10.V.1997, B. Nickel leg. (cWR).</p><p><bold>SPAIN:</bold> - <bold>Córdoba:</bold> 1 ♂, Córdoba, escuela, 10.IV.2003, T. Tichý leg. (cWR). - <bold>Granada:</bold> 1 ♂, La Herradura, 27.XII.1998-3.I.1999, G. Siering leg. (cWR). - <bold>Málaga:</bold> 1 ♂, Malaga, 28.VIII.1996, P. Beron leg. (NMNHS). 1 ♀, “Sierra de Tejeda, Competa S, 600 m, 6.4.2001, Ch. Bauer leg.” (NMNHS).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis akbensis</named-content></italic> was described from “Akbes, Siria”, based on a male and a female specimen. Mateu characterized it as having the pronotal base not bordered bilaterally, the pronotum widest at about middle, and with basal fovea punctured, the elytral striae hardly punctured, the metatibia in male crenulate at internal side, and the median lobe (<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1955</xref>: 75, Fig. 9) somewhat differing from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus berytensis</named-content></italic>.</p><p>The study of the structure of the median lobe of aedeagus and the parameres, as well as selected external features in the holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic> demonstrated that it is really different from the other three East Mediterranean species. Its comparison with various taxa of the genus revealed that it is identical with specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus andalusiacus</named-content></italic> Mateu, 1957 (compare <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 4</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">8</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">12</xref> and <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1957</xref>, Lámina IV, Figs 5–8, <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Pupier and Coulon 2013</xref>: 224, Fig. 1d). Hence, we synonymize the latter with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus akbensis</named-content></italic> which becomes the senior synonym and therefore the name of a valid subspecies of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus</named-content></italic> (Waltl, 1835).</p><p><xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">Lorenz (2005</xref>: 265) formally declared <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia hesperica</named-content></italic> as a <italic>nomen oblitum</italic>, in spite of the fact that a junior name has never been declared as <italic>nomen protectum</italic>. This statement is incorrect, since after 1899 this taxon was cited at least twice in the coleopterological literature. <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Heyden et al. (1906</xref>: 86) and <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Csiki (1930</xref>: 612) recorded it as synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus (Orthomus) barbarus</named-content></italic>. The type locality cannot be fixed exactly geographically, <xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">Motschulsky (1849</xref>: 52) wrote that the coleopterological yields the collector Handschuh made in 1847 in southern Spain came from “principalement aux environs de Carthagène“, which means that other parts of southern Spain cannot be excluded. Thus, we accept the view of <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Mateu (1957</xref>: 103) and list <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia hesperica</named-content></italic> as a questionable senior synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus akbensis</named-content></italic>, before the identity of the former can be settled.</p><p>The name <italic>malacensis</italic> Mateu was used as an infrasubspecific one (as also <italic>transiens</italic>) and is therefore not available according to Article 45.5 of the Code (<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">ICZN 1999</xref>). The name <italic>malacensis</italic> Jeanne is the available name for <italic>malacensis</italic> Mateu (see also <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Serrano 2003</xref>: 45), adopted by <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">Jeanne (1981)</xref> in agreement with Art. 45.5.1.</p><p><xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">Lorenz (1998</xref>: 249, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>: 265) combines <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus malacensis</named-content></italic> Jeanne with the year 1978. Though Jeanne’s work is part of “Tome VIII, 1978-1980” of the Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux, it was not printed until 1981 (see last page of that paper).</p><p>The application of Art. 72.4.4 specifies the type locality of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus malacensis</named-content></italic> Jeanne.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Updated Checklist of the species of Orthomus Chaudoir, 1838"><title>Updated Checklist of the species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> Chaudoir, 1838</title><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">1. <italic>abacoides</italic> Lucas, 1846: 46 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Oodes</named-content></italic>) – Algeria</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>trapezicollis</italic> Chaudoir, 1859: 117 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>occidentalis</italic> Gautier des Cottes, 1870: 299</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>modestus</italic> Reiche, 1871: 427 [replacement name]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note1: See Note2 under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic>.</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:10px; display:block">2. <italic>achilles</italic> Wrase & Jeanne, 2005: 888 – Algeria</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">3. <italic>aquila</italic> Coquerel, 1859: 768 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Algeria</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>numidus</italic> Chaudoir, 1859: 118 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">4. <italic>aubryi</italic> Jeanne, 1974: 68 – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">5. <italic>balearicus</italic> Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868: lxxx (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Balearic Islands</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>szekessyi</italic> Jedlička, 1956: 392 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus</named-content></italic>) syn. n.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">6.1. <italic>barbarus barbarus</italic> Dejean, 1828: 261 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Portugal, Spain, France</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">? <italic>rectangulus</italic> Fairmaire, 1859: li (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>expansus</italic> Mateu, 1957: 98</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>logronicus</italic> Mateu, 1957: 98 [unav.]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">6.2. <italic>barbarus formenterrae</italic> Breit, 1933: 67 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus</named-content></italic>) – Balearic Islands</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">6.3. <italic>barbarus penibeticus</italic> Mateu & Colas, 1954: 53 – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note1: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia rectangulus</named-content></italic> described from Batna, Algeria, probably is to fall in synonymy with another species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>, rather than with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note2: <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Pupier and Coulon (2013</xref>: 217, 218) say that, according to Zaballos and Jeanne (1994) and <xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">Ortuño (1996)</xref>, <italic>formenterrae</italic> and <italic>penibeticus</italic> are subspecies to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus abacoides</named-content></italic>. The contrary is the view of <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Serrano (2003)</xref> and <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet (2003)</xref> who treat these taxa as subspecies of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic>. The last reviewing authors (<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Pupier and Coulon 2013</xref>: 218, 219, 223) say: “Il en est de même de la subordination de <italic>penibeticus</italic> et <italic>formenterrae</italic> en tant que sous-espèces d'<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus abacoides</named-content></italic>”, but also: “Cependant l’incertitude du rattachement de ces formes à <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic> tel que le préconisent <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Serrano (2003)</xref> et Bousquet ne permet pas, sans etude suplementaire avec suffisamment de materiel, de fixer leur status.” Due to these uncertainties we follow the view of <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Serrano (2003)</xref>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note3: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus (Orthomus) szekessyi</named-content></italic> Jedlička, 1956 was described from the Balearic Islands, based on a male without an exact locality (Jedlička, 1956). The holotype is stored in the collections of the Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest and one of us (DWW) has examined it. It is in fairly good condition, the right last four antennomeres and the left metatarsus are lacking. The specimen was originally pinned and subsequently glued to card, with aedeagus not extracted (now it is glued to a separate card beneath the specimen). It is labelled with: “Balearen” [handwritten on white label], “Typus” [black print on red label], “<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus (Orthomus)</named-content> Sze’kessyi sp.n. det. ING. JEDLIČKA” [red label, species name handwritten in black by Jedlička, the rest printed]. It agrees in all characters, including the construction of the median lobe of the aedeagus, with these ones of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus balearicus</named-content></italic>. Hence, we propose the synonymy of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus (Orthomus) szekessyi</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia balearicus</named-content></italic> Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1868. The specimen is additionally labelled with “<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus balearicus</named-content> PIOCHARD DE LA BRȖLERIE, 1868 D.W. Wrase det. 2014” [black print on white label].</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:10px; display:block">7. <italic>berytensis</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 618 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Sardinia, Sicily, Malta</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>proelongus</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 619 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) syn. n. – Greece, Turkey, Cyprus</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>elongatus</italic> Chaudoir, 1859: 116 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) syn. n. – Syria, Lebanon, Israel</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>haligena</italic> Wollaston, 1860: 87 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus</named-content></italic>) – Canary Islands, Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">? <italic>varinii</italic> Gautier des Cottes, 1866: 178 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Tunisia, Libya, Egypt</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>atlanticus</italic> Fairmaire, 1875: 543 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>oceanicus</italic> Mateu, 1951: 283 [unav.]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>muluyensis</italic> Antoine, 1957: 205</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note1: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia varinii</named-content></italic> described from Sardinia, is most probably a synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus berytensis</named-content></italic> rather than of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus</named-content></italic>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:10px; display:block">8.1. <italic>dimorphus antoinei</italic> Mateu, 1955: 70 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">8.2. <italic>dimorphus dimorphus</italic> Antoine, 1933: 85 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">9. <italic>discors</italic> Wollaston, 1864: 47 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus</named-content></italic>) – Canary Islands</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>persimilis</italic> Harold Lindberg, 1950: 2 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichus</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">10. <italic>hispanicus Dejean</italic>, 1828: 260 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>quadrifoveolatus</italic> Chaudoir, 1859: 117 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">11.1. <italic>lacouri haroldi</italic> Pupier & Coulon, 2013: 221 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">11.2. <italic>lacouri kocheri</italic> Mateu, 1955: 68 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">11.3. <italic>lacouri lacouri</italic> Antoine, 1941: 38 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Platysma</named-content></italic>) – Morocco, Algeria</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">11.4. <italic>lacouri pupieri</italic> Jeanne, 1988: 12 – Algeria</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">12. <italic>leprieuri</italic> Pic, 1894: 104 – Algeria, Tunisia</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">13. <italic>longior</italic> Chaudoir, 1873: 105 – Turkey, Syria, Lebanon</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>sidonicus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873: 110 syn. n. – Israel</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">14. <italic>longulus</italic> Reiche & Saulcy, 1855: 616 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Lebanon, Israel</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">15. <italic>maroccanus</italic> Chaudoir, 1873: 108 – Spain, Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>humeralis</italic> Antoine, 1957: 208 [unav.]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">16. <italic>perezii</italic> Martínez & Saez, 1873: 57 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">17. <italic>planidorsis</italic> Fairmaire, 1872: 420 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Spain, France</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">18. <italic>poggii</italic> Leo & Magrini, 2002: 510 – Italy (Isola il Toro)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">19. <italic>rubicundus</italic> Coquerel, 1859: 769 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>) – Algeria, Tunisia</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>modicus</italic> Coquerel, 1859: 770 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>manogramma</italic> Chaudoir, 1859: 119 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>minutus</italic> Reiche, 1871: 427</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">20. <italic>starkei</italic> Wrase & Jeanne, 2005: 882 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">21.1. <italic>tazekensis rifensis</italic> Wrase & Jeanne, 2005: 885 – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">21.2. <italic>tazekensis tazekensis</italic> Antoine, 1941: 411 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Platysma</named-content></italic>) – Morocco</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>scutellaris</italic> Antoine, 1941: 412 [unav.]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">22.1. <italic>velocissimus akbensis</italic> Mateu, 1955: 74 – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">? <italic>hesperica</italic> Motschulsky, 1849: 73 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia</named-content></italic>)</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>transiens</italic> Mateu, 1957: 99 [unav.]</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>malacensis</italic> Mateu, 1957: 99 [unav.]</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>andalusiacus</italic> Mateu, 1957: 103 syn. n.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">= <italic>malacensis</italic> Jeanne, 1981: 45</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">22.2. <italic>velocissimus pardoi</italic> Mateu, 1957: 102 – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:20px; text-indent:0px; padding-top:0px; display:block">22.3. <italic>velocissimus velocissimus</italic> Waltl, 1835: 53 (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Argutor</named-content></italic>) – Spain</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; padding-top:10px; display:block">Note1: For <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Feronia hesperica</named-content></italic> see remarks under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velosissimus akbensis</named-content></italic>.</styled-content></p></sec><sec sec-type="III. Notes on Afrotropical Euchroina"><title>III. Notes on Afrotropical <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content></title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/1F0CC178-2E35-4E59-8BAC-8E73F1983095"><named-content content-type="genus">Parorthomus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">gen. n.</named-content></title><p>http://zoobank.org/1F0CC178-2E35-4E59-8BAC-8E73F1983095</p><sec sec-type="treatment-Type species"><title>Type species.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>A <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> genus of beetles that are medium-sized (8.2-10 mm), black coloured, brachypterous, with the following combination of characters: convex eyes; mentum with bifid tooth and large labial pits; pronotum sides posteriorly straight to slightly convex; elytra with 3-4 (rarely 2 or 5) discal setiferous puncture in stria 3/interval 3, with last puncture in posterior third of elytron; intercoxal process of prothorax subquadrate, distinctly bordered at sides and backwards; metaepisterna as wide as long; abdominal sternites V–VII with transverse basal sulci complete and well-impressed; mesotibia and metatibia straight in both sexes, mesotibia distally with slight inner callus in males; tarsomeres glabrous dorsally, with segment 5 setose ventrally; distal part of median lobe of aedeagus considerably curved to left in dorsal aspect; spermatheca with appended gland spherical and elongate diverticulum.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Description"><title>Description.</title><p>None required because the genus is monobasic, and its characters are the same as those of its type species.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Etymology"><title>Etymology.</title><p>A prefix in apposition (masculine), formed from the Greek <italic>παρά</italic>-, meaning “beside”, “near”, “alongside”, and the name of the Mediterranean pterostichine genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> to which the new taxon is related.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/3D5BF7E1-9EB4-47FB-92C5-7E2C7D958916"><named-content content-type="genus">Parorthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">socotranus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">sp. n.</named-content></title><p>http://zoobank.org/3D5BF7E1-9EB4-47FB-92C5-7E2C7D958916</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 18</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">–</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">24</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">, 28</xref><xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">, Table 1</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> sp.: <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">Wranik 2003</xref>: 442, plate 170, Fig. f.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype ♂, “Yemen, Socotra Isl., Fimihin, GPS <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12.474N, 54.015E</named-content>, 530 m, x.2000, leg. V. Bejček & K. Št’astný” (DWBG) / “HOLOTYPE <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. Guéorguiev, Wrase & Farkač des. 2014” [black print on red label, black framed]. Paratypes 24 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀, labelled as follow: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, with the same data as the holotype (DWBG, JFPC, JSAG, NMNHS); 6 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, “Soqotra-Archipel: Soqotra Hoq, Küstenebene bis Höhleneing., Kalk mit einigen Granitfelsen, dichte Veg., 50–320 m <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°36'N, 54°21'E</named-content>, 5.–6.2.1999 leg.: H. Pohl, SOQ 08” (BMNH, DWBG, HLMD, MPHG); 3 ♀♀, “YEMEN: Socotra Isl. Haghier, 4.-8.X.2000 lgt. V. Bejček & K. Št’astný” (JFPC); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, “Yemen, Soqotra-Archipel, Soqotra, Wadi Danegan, Barberfallen, 90 m <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°36'59"N, 54°03'48"E</named-content>, 28.–30.10.2000 leg.: T. VAN HARTEN & H. POHL SOQ 2000/02a” (HDLM); 2 ♂♂, “Yemen, Soqotra-Archipel, Soqotra, Homhil, Quelle mit Ficus, Licht <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°34'13"N, 54°18'32"E</named-content>/leg. H. Pohl, 29.10.2000/SOQ 2000/13” (HDLM, MPHG); 1 ♂, “Yemen, Soqotra-Archipel, Soqotra, Wadi Danegan, 90 m <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°36'59"N, 54°03'48"E</named-content>, 30.10.2000 leg.: T. VAN HARTEN” “SOQ 2000/02” (HDLM); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, “Yemen, Soqotra Is.; 28.–29.ix.2003 HOMHIL protected area N 12°34'27" E 54°18'32" 364 m [GPS]; Jan Farkač lgt.” / “YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král” (JFPC, NMNHS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, “Yemen, Socotra Is., WADI AYHAFT, 24.-26.xi.2003, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°36'38’’N, 53°58'49’’E</named-content>, 190 m, [GPS], leg. P. Kabátek” / “YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král” (DWBG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, “Yemen, Soqotra Is., 2.xii.2003, Al Haghier mts. W slopes, skant area <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°35'52"N, 54°00'01"E</named-content></named-content> 1240 m [GPS], D. Král leg.” / “YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král” (NMPC, RFBN); 1 ♂, “Yemen, Soqotra Is., QAAREH (waterfall), Noged plain, 5.-6.xii.2003, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°20'10"N, 53°27'56"E</named-content></named-content>, 57 m [GPS], leg. P. Kabátek” / “YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král” (DWBG); 1 ♀, “Yemen, Soqotra Is., 6.–7.xii.2003 Noged plain: WADI IREEH N12°23'11", 53°59'47"E, 96 m [GPS]; Jan Farkač lgt.” / “YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král” (DWBG); 2 ♀♀, “Yemen: Socotra Isl., Wadi Ayhaft, lat. +1395751.449, lon +824616.2897, 27-30.10.2007, pitfall traps, F. Pella leg.” (MBAP); 1 ♀, “YEMEN: Socotra Island E 410 m, 3. ii. 2010 N12°29'41", E 54°09'30" L. Purchart & J. Vybíral lgt.” (NMPC); 1 ♀, “YEMEN: Socotra Island E Homhil area, 410-510 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°34'25"N, 54°18'53"E</named-content></named-content> 9–10. ii. 2010 L. Purchart & J. Vybíral lgt.” (NMPC); 1 ♂, “YEMEN: Socotra Island Aloove area, Hassan vill. env. <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°31.2'N, 54°07.4'E</named-content>, 221 m Jiři Hájek leg. 9–10.xi.2010” (NMPC); 2 ♀♀, “YEMEN: Socotra Island Al Haghier Mts. Scant Mt. env. <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°34.6'N, 54°01.5'E</named-content>, 1450 m J. Bezděk 12-13.xi.2010” (NMPC); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, “YEMEN, Socotra Island Hagher Mts., Scand Mt. env. montane evergreen woodland 16.–18.vi.2012 <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">12°34.6'N, 54°01.5'E</named-content>, 1450 m” / “SOCOTRA expedition 2012 J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart leg.” (NMNHS, NMPC). All paratypes with label: “PARATYPE <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. Guéorguiev, Wrase & Farkač des. 2014” [black print on red label, black framed].</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>A brachypterous, black coloured species of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 18</xref>), with moderately convex, amariform facies, with testaceus appendages, convex eyes, segment 11 of antennae not reaching basal margin of pronotum, elytra with very slight or reduced humeral denticle, elytral interval 3 with three to four (rarely two or five) discal setiferous punctures adjoining stria 3, with last puncture on posterior third of elytron, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>metaepisterna as long as wide, and median lobe of aedeagus curved to left distally, with apical lamella slightly emarginated at tip.</p><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 18.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n., female paratype, habitus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g006"></graphic></fig><p>Values for sizes and ratios among specimens from the type series are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>.</p><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Data on variation in some values among type specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left">type</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">sex</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">n</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">BL/mm</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">PW/HW</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">Ø</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">PW/PL</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">Ø</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">PW/PBW</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">Ø</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">PL/EL</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">Ø</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">EL/EW</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">Ø</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left"><bold>HT</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">♂</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">9.2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.72</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.41</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.13</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">0.43</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.45</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left"><bold>PT</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">♂♂</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">10</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">8.2–9.6</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.69–1.86</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.77</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.42–1.49</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.46</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.05–1.13</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.10</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">0.41–0.45</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">0.43</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.40–1.49</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.44</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left"><bold>PT</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">♀♀</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">12</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">8.4–10.0</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.68–1.86</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.76</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.43–1.51</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.47</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.05–1.14</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.10</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">0.41–0.44</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">0.42</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.37–1.45</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center">1.40</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Description"><title>Description.</title><p>Body length 8.2–10.0 mm (9.2 mm in holotype); width 3.2–3.9 mm (3.6 mm in holotype), maximum width behind the middle of elytra. Head, pronotum, elytra, segments III–IV (in the most cases) of antennae, and ventral surface (without mouthparts) black in mature specimens, light to dark brown in immature specimens; labrum, mandibles, mentum, segments I–II and V–XI of antennae, and sometimes sides of pronotum testaceus; maxillary palpomeres, labial palpomeres, and labium rufous; coxae, femora, and tibiae of legs dark brown or testaceus, trochanters and tarsomeres mostly rufous.</p><p>Microsculpture distinct on the whole dorsal and ventral surfaces (including coxae, trochanters and femora), consisting of isodiametric and slight transversal meshes, more apparent in females (female specimens almost matt on dorsal surface, males somewhat shiny), reduced on the most part of the clypeus and gula.</p><p>Head noticeably longer and narrower with respect to the pronotum, frons smooth, frontal furrows well-marked, divergent posteriorly, reaching the level of anterior supraorbital punctures; neck without constriction posteriorly; eyes fairly large, convex, moderately prominent, with diameter as long as the combined length of segment I-II of the antennae, temporae short, as long as or shorter than half of eye diameter; paraorbital sulci moderately deep, encircling eyes behind; clypeus trapezoidal, separated from frons by fine suture, with anterior margin slightly concave; labrum rectangular; antennae moderately long, pubescent from second fourth of segment IV, the apex of terminal segment not reaching basal margin of pronotum; mentum transverse, deeply emarginate, with large labial pits, median tooth slightly bifid at tip, epilobes narrow, slightly projecting beyond lobes; submentum with medial setae, without lateral ones (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 28</xref>).</p><p>Pronotum wide, transverse, sub-trapezoid, widest about middle, with margins distinctly, narrowly bordered (the bordering reduced in the middle quarter of apical margin, and sometimes in the middle of basal margin, just between the internal basal impressions); sides somewhat more constricted apically than basally, with two pairs of setiferous punctures, lateral punctures situated at about end of apical third, posterolateral ones situated near hind angles, near to lateral margin and close to basal margin; apical margin moderately emarginate, narrower than basal margin, fore angles rounded, moderately projecting; basal margin nearly straight, slightly concave in the middle, hind angles almost rectangular, rounded at tip; basal impressions somewhat variable in extension and size, internal ones always present, linear, narrow and falcate, diverging toward base, impunctate, deeper and longer than the outer ones, outer impression present or reduced becoming evanescent, when present then mostly faint, foveolate, somewhat punctate; disc slightly convex, midline well-impressed, long, not reaching both anterior and posterior margins.</p><p>Elytra sub-elongate, moderately convex, widest at about the second third, fused at suture; shoulders well-marked, obtusely angulate; basal margin complete, reaching stria 1 inwards, forming a very minute denticle at humerus; discal striae moderately impressed, impunctate, parascutellar striae distinct, striae 1-8 joining basal margin; intervals slightly flat, smooth, interval 3 with three to four (rarely two or five) setiferous punctures adjoining stria 3, with last puncture in posterior third of elytron, rarely in about middle of interval 3 (see also Variability); scutellar setiferous puncture present; hind wings reduced to small scales.</p><p>Prosternum, mesosternum, middle of metasternum, proepipleura, epipleura of elytra, and abdominal sternites (excl. sides of sternites 1-3) smooth, impunctate, proepisterna and sides of sternites 1-3 slightly punctured, mesepisterna, metepisterna, and sides of metasternum more or less roughly punctured; intercoxal process of prothorax subquadrate, distinctly bordered at sides and backwards; metaepisterna short, sub-quadrate, moderately narrowed toward behind, its anterior border longer than internal and posterior ones, as long as external border.</p><p>Abdominal sternites IV-VI with transverse basal sulci complete (continuous) and well-impressed, abdominal sternum VI with posterior margin rimmed throughout, with one pair of foveate setigerous punctures medially in males and two pairs in females.</p><p>Legs slender, relatively long; protibia apically moderately but abruptly enlarged at internal margin in males; mesotibia and metatibia straight in both sexes, mesotibia with slight inner callus distally in males; tarsomeres 1-5 glabrous dorsally, segment 5 setose ventrally; segments 1-3 of male protarsi moderately expanded.</p><p>Male genitalia (5 specimens dissected). Median lobe of aedeagus slender (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 19–20</xref>), narrower at middle, with basal part long, almost rectangularly bent behind apical part, narrowest at middle, from there toward apical lamella rectilinear, right external angle of apical lamella somewhat bent down, left external angle elevated (left lateral view), median lobe from middle part shifted to left, with right margin moderately convex, lengthwise appreciably elevated over left margin, left margin concave towards apex, apical lamella wide, rounded on left side, obtusely angled on right side, with a slight front concavity (dorsal view), ostium slightly deflected to right; right paramere narrow and elongate, smaller than left one, with a slanting lateral process (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 21</xref>); left paramere conchoid (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 22</xref>).</p><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 19–22.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n., paratype, male genitalia: <bold>19</bold> median lobe of aedeagus, left lateral aspect <bold>20</bold> median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal aspect <bold>21</bold> right paramere, internal face <bold>22</bold> left paramere, internal face. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 19–20), 0.2 mm (Figs 21–22).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g007"></graphic></fig><p>Female genitalia (3 specimens dissected). Ovipositor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 23</xref>), with valvifer more chitinized proximally and less distally, its distal margin having a setose and moderately chitinized area, basal stylomere large, conical, apical stylomere smaller, falcate, with two dorsolateral ensiform setae and one dorsomedial ensiform seta, sensorial pit distinct with two long nematiform setae; spermathecal complex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 24</xref>) with copulatory bursa proximally slightly gooseneck-like (this character not visible in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 24</xref>), sper<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>matheca with seminal canal and receptaculum slightly differentiated [undifferentiated type, according to <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet 1999</xref>: 35-36], receptaculum shorter than seminal canal, widened and slightly curved apically, appended spermathecal gland spherical, with elongate diverticulum.</p><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 23–24.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n., paratype, female genitalia, ventral view: <bold>23</bold> left ovipositor <bold>24</bold> female reproductive tract (spermathecal complex and ovipositor). Legend: <bold>as</bold> apical stylomere; <bold>bc</bold> bursa copulatrix; <bold>bs</bold> basal stylomere; <bold>co</bold> common oviduct; <bold>di</bold> diverticulum; <bold>es</bold> ensiform setae; <bold>ns</bold> nematiform setae; <bold>ov</bold> ovipositor; <bold>rc</bold> receptaculum of spermatheca; <bold>smc</bold> seminal canal of spermatheca; <bold>sg</bold> appended gland of spermatheca; <bold>spc</bold> spermathecal canal; <bold>vf</bold> valvifer. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (Fig. 23), 0.5 mm (Fig. 24).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g008"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Variability"><title>Variability.</title><p>Interval 3 with three to four (rarely two or five) setiferous punctures adjoining stria 3, with last puncture in posterior third of elytron, rarely in about middle of interval 3. The number of punctures can increase to five or decrease to two, often the number of punctures of the left and the right elytron is unequal. Also the position of the punctures can somewhat vary. While the first two discal punctures always adjoin stria 3 (and so also the majority of the following punctures), sometimes the third puncture is located on the middle of interval or adjoins stria 2, rarely, the fourth discal pore is located on the middle of interval 3 or adjoins stria 2.</p><p>For variability of body size and indices see ‘Description’ and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Etymology"><title>Etymology.</title><p>The specific epithet is an adjective, referring to Socotra, the island where the new species was collected.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Up to present only known from Socotra.</p><fig id="F10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 29–31.</label><caption><p>Habitats of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. in Socotra. <bold>29</bold> Homhil protected area, November 2003 <bold>30</bold> Al Haghier Mts., December 2003 <bold>31</bold> Wadi Ayhaft, January 2004 (all photographs by JF).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g010"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Ecology"><title>Ecology.</title><p>A mesotopic to eurytopic epigeic beetle, collected from the end of September to the first ten days of February, and on higher ground (Hagher Mts., Scand Mt. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>env., 1450 m) some specimens were also found in June. From the list of localities, the species seems to be quite widespread across Socotra from the mouths of wadis (near or far off the water) till the highest mountains. Referring on <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Bezděk et al. (2012)</xref>, the dominant habitat at most of the mentioned localities is high shrubland with dominant <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Croton socotranus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Jatropha unicostata</named-content></italic> (in higher altitude with intermixed <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Boswellia</named-content></italic> spp., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Dracaena cinnabari</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euphorbia arbuscula</named-content></italic>, etc.) (Jiří Hájek, personal communication).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Systematic and biogeographic considerations"><title>Systematic and biogeographic considerations.</title><p>The Socotra Archipelago is a Gondwanan continental fragment, which has experienced a long period of geological isolation. This landmass was separated from the Arabian plate during the rifting which began to open the Gulf of Aden in the Oligocene to Miocene epochs (<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">d’Acremont et al. 2006</xref>). It is supposed that Socotra was isolated from Arabia at least 16 million years ago (<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">d’Acremont et al. 2010</xref>). The high level of endemism found among the insects in Socotra (<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">Batelka 2012</xref>) is in accordance with the estimated geological age and the supposedly continuous stability of its ecosystems.</p><p>At present, it is difficult to ascertain whether <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. derived from ancestral populations on the Arabian mainland that probably reached Socotra by transoceanic dispersal in relatively recent geological times, or it is a descendent of an ancestor and evolved <italic>in situ</italic> in the course and after the separation of the island. Notwithstanding, a few taxonomic and biogeographic facts are consistent with the hypothesis that the species is not a phyletically young descendant of continental populations.</p><p>Combinations of distinguishing features (see ‘Diagnosis’, Key to the genera of the “African Series” of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content>) clearly distinguish the new genus from the other related genera. However, some character states: 1/ mentum tooth bifid (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 28</xref>); 2/ sides of pronotum straight or slightly convex posteriorly (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 18</xref>); 3/ elytra with setiferous punctures in interval 3 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 18</xref>); 4/ intercoxal process of prothorax bordered; 5/ abdominal sternites V-VII with transverse sulci, complete and well-impressed; 6/ tarsomeres 1-5 of all legs glabrous dorsally; 7/ segment 5 of tarsomeres setose ventrally; 8/ aedeagus with sides nearly equally broadened in the distal half, with apical lamella wide, nearly rounded at tip (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 20</xref>); 9/ appended spermathecal gland with diverticulum (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 24</xref>), show that the new species may be related to two geographically “close” genera, the Afrotropical <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> and the Mediterranean <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>. The two species from the first genus and the new species share characters 1-3 and 5-8. Some species from the second genus and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. divide states 1-7 and 9 between, while the last taxon and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus velocissimus</named-content></italic> s.l. possess all the listed character states.</p><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figures 25–28.</label><caption><p>Mentum and submentum, ventral aspect (gray arrow indicating labial pits): <bold>25</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus barbarus barbarus</named-content></italic> (Dejean, 1828), female, Spain, “Laguna Salinas (Alicante)” <bold>26</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius basilewskyi</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1962, holotype <bold>27</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic> Straneo, 1988, holotype <bold>28</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n., male paratype, “Fimihin”. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="zookeys-427-021-g009"></graphic></fig><p>The median lobe with sides nearly equally broadened along the distal half and apical lamella wide, rounded or semi-rounded at tip in the new species looks alike the median lobe in the Afrotropical <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> (see <xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">Straneo 1988</xref>: 482, Fig. 1d, 484, Fig. 2b), as well as those in some Mediterranean taxa of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> (see <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Mateu 1957</xref>, laminas I-IV, <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Machado 1992</xref>: 262, Fig. 100, <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Wrase and Jeanne 2005</xref>: 894–896, Figs 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Pupier and Coulon 2013</xref>: 224, Figs 1c–e, 225, present paper <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 5</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">–8</xref>). In contrast, the median lobe of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. has the distal half considerably curved to the left in dorsal aspect. Hitherto all the representatives of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> have the median lobe of the aedeagus straight or nearly straight. Based upon the condition in the other continental, African and Eurasian euchroines (aedeagus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Trichopedius</named-content></italic> not yet known or described), we consider the bent aedeagus to be an apotypic character in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus</named-content></italic> gen. n. The median lobes in the “<italic>gracilipes</italic>” group of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus</named-content></italic>, with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus gracillipes</named-content></italic> (Wollaston, 1854) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus berrai</named-content></italic> Battoni, 1987, have also the above discussed character state, more pronounced in the former and less pronounced in the second species (see <xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">Sciaky 1988</xref>: Figs 1b, 2b, <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Machado 1992</xref>: 264, Fig. 101A, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Donabauer 2008</xref>: 111, Figs 1b, 2b, <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Serrano et al. 2009</xref>: 30, Figs 9b, 9d). This case is an instance of convergency. Change in this state has taken place independently in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Nesorthomus</named-content></italic>, since the other six species from the genus have a straight median lobe of the aedeagus.</p><p>Besides, we infer that the presence of three to four discal setiferous punctures (by exception, two or five punctures on one elytron only) in the elytral interval 3 or stria 3, with the last puncture in posterior third of elytron, is another clear apotypic feature in the new taxon. This state occurs in no other species among the Old World <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content>, except <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. The most species of the subtribe have two discal punctures in the elytral interval 3, as the second one lies at the posterior third of elytron. The species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic> have no discal punctures on the elytron.</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. has a unique combination of two apotypic characters, distal third of the aedeagus considerably curved to the left in dorsal aspect (i), and presence of 3-4 discal setiferous puncture in elytral stria 3/interval 3, with the last puncture situated in the posterior third of elytron (ii), which is indication for a long-time existing isolation and merit surely the erection of an own genus. The absence of close relative/s sharing together with the new species these two marked structural features exclude a close relationships and suggests that we deal with an ancient lineage which most probably arisen within the basic stem of the “African Series” of <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euchroina</named-content> (according to <xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Will 2006</xref>) long time ago. As well, the lack of extant relatives, akin to the new species, in the Arabian Peninsula or somewhere else is a strong biogeographic argument, which certainly excludes geologically recent migration.</p><p>In spite of all, special character states and main ecologic preference in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. suggest that it is phylogenetically closer to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> than to any other genus. The exact phylogenetic position within the euchroines can be disclosed only after investigation of more taxa, especially from the Old World, including also genetic technics and providing cladistic analysis, this could probably also identify its sister taxon.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p>The presence of large labial pits on the mentum is a trait in the new taxon that is worth noting. Each pit has a distinct, deep aperture, its diameter wider than the diameter of the labial pore, and both are situated more medially (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 28</xref>). The distinct labial pits, destined to a particular function of use, seem to be a plesiotypic condition in <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichini</named-content> (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Bousquet 1999</xref>: 33), as well in the Nearctic euchroines (<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Frania and Ball 2007</xref>: 120). The species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic> possess no or small labial pits (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 25–27</xref>). In the second case, they have indistinct, shallow apertures, diameters similar to or smaller than the diameters of the labial pores, and both are situated more basally.</p><p>So far, 53 species of ground beetles have been recorded from the Socotra Archipelago (<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Felix et al. 2012</xref>, present work). <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Parorthomus socotranus</named-content></italic> sp. n. is the only representative of the tribe <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pterostichini</named-content> and the second carabid endemic form at genus level found in this insular fragment (<xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">Wranik 2003</xref>, Felix ibid.).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Additionally examined material"><title>Additionally examined material</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Abacillius</named-content><named-content content-type="species">basilewskyi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Straneo, 1962</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 26</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius basilewskyi</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Straneo, 1962: 53 (type locality: “Natal, Drackensberg, Little Berg Summits, Themeda Grasslands, 5500–6000 ft., Cathedral Peak, Forestry reserve”)</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype ♀, “Holotypus” [printed on salmon colored label], “Little berg summits Themeda Grassland 5500–6000 ft.” [printed], “cathedral peak forestry reserve. natal drakensberg. March 1959 B. R. & P. J. Stuckenberg” [printed], “Col. Mus. Congo don. B. Stuckenberg Coll. P. Basilewsky” [printed & handwritten], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius Basilewskyi</named-content></italic> n.sp. S.L. Straneo det. 1960 Holotypus“ [printed & handwritten], “RMCA ENT 000019508” [printed] (MRAC).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">Straneo (1949</xref>: 7, <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">1958</xref>: 404) recorded that the onychium of the tarsi in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius aculeatus</named-content></italic> is glabrous beneath. Subsequently, he described the same characteristics for <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillius basilewskyi</named-content></italic> (Straneo, 1962: 54). However, the study of the holotype of the latter species revealed that it possesses the onychium finely setose beneath.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Abacillodes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jocquei</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Straneo, 1988</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 27</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Straneo, 1988: 483 (type locality: “Lichenya Plateau, 2000 m, Mount Mulanje”)</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype ♂, “Holotypus” [printed on salmon colored label], “Lichenya Plateau 2000m 5/24.XI.1981” [printed], “Coll. Mus. Tervuren Malawi South. Reg. Mount Mulanje XI. 1981 - R. Jocqué” [printed], “Holotypus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic> Str.” [printed & handwritten on red label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic> n. sp. det. S.L. Straneo 1987 Holotypus ♂” [printed & handwritten], “RMCA ENT 000019509” [printed] (MRAC).</p><p><bold>Remarks.</bold> A striking characteristic in the type species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes jocquei</named-content></italic>, are the elytral intervals 2, 4, and 6, significantly wider than the adjacent uneven intervals. But, this character state is not present in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content></italic>, thus it can not be used as a generic distinguishing mark.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Coleoptera</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Carabidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Abacillodes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">malawianus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Straneo, 1988</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Straneo, 1988: 483 (type locality: “Lichenya Plateau, 2000 m, Mount Mulanje”)</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>Holotype ♀, “Holotypus” [printed on salmon colored label], “Lichenya Plateau 2000m 15/17.XI.1981” [printed], “Coll. Mus. Tervuren Malawi South. Reg. Mount Mulanje XI. 1981 - R. Jocqué” [printed], “Holotypus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content></italic> Str.” [printed & handwritten on red label], “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Abacillodes malawianus</named-content></italic> n.sp. det. S.L. Straneo 1987 Holotypus ♂” [printed & handwritten], “RMCA ENT 000019510” [printed] (MRAC).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">Straneo (1988</xref>: 483) stated the holotype is a male. Actually, it is a female specimen having protarsomeres not dilated and last abdominal sternite with four marginal setiferous punctures.</p></sec></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment1" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">berytensis</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment1.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment2" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">longior</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment2.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment3" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">longulus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment3.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment4" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Orthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">velocissimus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">akbensis</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment4.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment5" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Parorthomus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment5.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment6" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Parorthomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">socotranus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment6.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment7" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Abacillius</named-content><named-content content-type="species">basilewskyi</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment7.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment8" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Abacillodes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jocquei</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment8.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.427.7618-treatment9" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Abacillodes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">malawianus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.427.7618-treatment9.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>We are grateful to all curators and collectors listed in the section ‘Material and methods’ for sending us material for study upon their responsibility or helping us with useful information. Ron Felix (Berkel-Enschot, the Netherlands) and Manfred Persohn (Herxheimweyher, Germany) who made a significant part of the type series of the new species available and Paulo Borges (Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal) gifted us a series of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cedrorum azoricum</named-content></italic>. We thank Johannes Bergsten (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden), Ron Felix, Jiří Hájek (NMPC), Marc De Meyer (MRAC), Jose Serrano (Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain), Győző Szél (Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary), and Riccardo Sciaky (Milano, Italy) for providing unavailable literature or for some advice concerning types. Again thanks go to Jose Serrano for the useful discussion on the taxonomy of some West Mediterranean taxa of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orthomus</named-content></italic>. We are very obliged to Hans Fery (Berlin, Germany) for a discussion on nomenclatural problems and Joachim Schmidt (Universität Rostock, Germany) and Jiří Hájek (NMPC) for much critical advice. We appreciate very much the support of Jon Cooter (Oxford, United Kingdom) for critical reading a previous draft of the manuscript on which this paper is based, and we are thankful to Ricardo Sciaky and Kipling W. Will (University of California, Berkeley, USA) for reviewing the manuscript and making substantial and much appreciated critical comments.</p><p>Open access to this paper was supported by the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Open Access Support Project (EOASP).</p></ack><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group><name><surname>Apfelbeck</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1904</year>) <source>Die Käferfauna der Balkanhalbinsel, mit Berücksichtigung Klein-Asiens und der Insel Kreta. Erster Band: Familienreihe Caraboidea</source>. <publisher-name>R. 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