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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A review of the genus
<italic>Berosus</italic> Leach of Cuba (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)
</title><author><name sortKey="Deler Hernandez, Albert" sort="Deler Hernandez, Albert" uniqKey="Deler Hernandez A" first="Albert" last="Deler-Hernández">Albert Deler-Hernández</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Enramadas 601 esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, 90100, Cuba</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fika Ek, Martin" sort="Fika Ek, Martin" uniqKey="Fika Ek M" first="Martin" last="Fiká Ek">Martin Fiká Ek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cala Riquelme, Franklyn" sort="Cala Riquelme, Franklyn" uniqKey="Cala Riquelme F" first="Franklyn" last="Cala-Riquelme">Franklyn Cala-Riquelme</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Enramadas 601 esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, 90100, Cuba</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23794806</idno><idno type="pmc">3677367</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677367</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3677367</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.273.4591</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000443</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A review of the genus
<italic>Berosus</italic> Leach of Cuba (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)
</title><author><name sortKey="Deler Hernandez, Albert" sort="Deler Hernandez, Albert" uniqKey="Deler Hernandez A" first="Albert" last="Deler-Hernández">Albert Deler-Hernández</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Enramadas 601 esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, 90100, Cuba</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fika Ek, Martin" sort="Fika Ek, Martin" uniqKey="Fika Ek M" first="Martin" last="Fiká Ek">Martin Fiká Ek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cala Riquelme, Franklyn" sort="Cala Riquelme, Franklyn" uniqKey="Cala Riquelme F" first="Franklyn" last="Cala-Riquelme">Franklyn Cala-Riquelme</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Enramadas 601 esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, 90100, Cuba</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ZooKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1313-2989</idno><idno type="eISSN">1313-2970</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p>The Cuban fauna of the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> Leach, 1817 is reviewed based on newly collected material as well as historical and type specimens. Nine species are recognized, including three recorded from Cuba for the first time: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> Knisch, 1924 (= <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946 <bold>syn. n.</bold>) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp, 1882. Only one of the nine Cuban species, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, remains endemic to Cuba, as two other species previously considered as endemic to Cuba are recorded from elsewhere: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> from Mexico and Central America and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> from the Dominican Republic. Notes on biology and Cuban distribution are provided for all nine species. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863, <bold>stat. restit.</bold> is removed from synonym with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> and considered a valid species.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castelnau, Fl" uniqKey="Castelnau F">FL Castelnau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laporte, De" uniqKey="Laporte D">de Laporte</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chevrolat, Laa" uniqKey="Chevrolat L">LAA Chevrolat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deler Hernandez, A" uniqKey="Deler Hernandez A">A Deler-Hernández</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cala Riquelme, F" uniqKey="Cala Riquelme F">F Cala-Riquelme</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Epler, Jh" uniqKey="Epler J">JH Epler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fabricius, Jc" uniqKey="Fabricius J">JC Fabricius</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, Ig" uniqKey="Fernandez I">IG Fernández</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deler Hernandez, A" uniqKey="Deler Hernandez A">A Deler-Hernández</name></author><author><name sortKey="Megna, Ys" uniqKey="Megna Y">YS Megna</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fleutiaux, E" uniqKey="Fleutiaux E">E Fleutiaux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salle, A" uniqKey="Salle A">A Sallé</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gemminger, M" uniqKey="Gemminger M">M Gemminger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harold, B De" uniqKey="Harold B">B de Harold</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gundlach, Jc" uniqKey="Gundlach J">JC Gundlach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hansen, M" uniqKey="Hansen M">M Hansen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hansen, M" uniqKey="Hansen M">M Hansen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herbst, Jfw" uniqKey="Herbst J">JFW Herbst</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knisch, A" uniqKey="Knisch A">A Knisch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Komarek, A" uniqKey="Komarek A">A Komarek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leconte, Jl" uniqKey="Leconte J">JL LeConte</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mouchamps, R" uniqKey="Mouchamps R">R Mouchamps</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oliva, A" uniqKey="Oliva A">A Oliva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oliva, A" uniqKey="Oliva A">A Oliva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Short, Aez" uniqKey="Short A">AEZ Short</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Orchymont, Ad" uniqKey="Orchymont A">Ad’ Orchymont</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peck, Sb" uniqKey="Peck S">SB Peck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Say, T" uniqKey="Say T">T Say</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharp, D" uniqKey="Sharp D">D Sharp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Short, Aez" uniqKey="Short A">AEZ Short</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fika Ek, M" uniqKey="Fika Ek M">M Fikáček</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smetana, A" uniqKey="Smetana A">A Smetana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spangler, Pj" uniqKey="Spangler P">PJ Spangler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spangler, Pj" uniqKey="Spangler P">PJ Spangler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Testa, S" uniqKey="Testa S">S Testa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lago, Pk" uniqKey="Lago P">PK Lago</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Tassell, Er" uniqKey="Van Tassell E">ER Van Tassell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Young, Fn" uniqKey="Young F">FN Young</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaitzev, P" uniqKey="Zaitzev P">P Zaitzev</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ZooKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23794806</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3677367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.273.4591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A review of the genus
<italic>Berosus</italic> Leach of Cuba (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deler-Hernández</surname><given-names>Albert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fikáček</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cala-Riquelme</surname><given-names>Franklyn</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Enramadas 601 esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, 90100, Cuba</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Albert Deler-Hernández (<email xlink:type="simple">albert@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: C. Majka</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><issue>273</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Albert Deler-Hernández, Martin Fikáček, Franklyn Cala-Riquelme</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p>The Cuban fauna of the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> Leach, 1817 is reviewed based on newly collected material as well as historical and type specimens. Nine species are recognized, including three recorded from Cuba for the first time: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> Knisch, 1924 (= <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946 <bold>syn. n.</bold>) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp, 1882. Only one of the nine Cuban species, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, remains endemic to Cuba, as two other species previously considered as endemic to Cuba are recorded from elsewhere: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> from Mexico and Central America and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> from the Dominican Republic. Notes on biology and Cuban distribution are provided for all nine species. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863, <bold>stat. restit.</bold> is removed from synonym with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> and considered a valid species.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="es"><label>Resumen</label><p>La fauna cubana de <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> Leach, 1817 es revisada a partir de nuevo material colectado así, como de material tipo e histórico. Se reconocen un total de nueve especies, incluyendo tres nuevos registros: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> Knisch, 1924 (= <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946, <bold>syn. n.</bold>) y <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">B metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp, 1882. Solo una de las nueve especies cubanas, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, permanece como endémica, las otras dos especies originalmente consideradas como endémicas han sido registradas fuera de Cuba: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> presente en México y América Central y <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> en República Dominicana. Se ofrecen datos sobre la biología y la distribución de todas las especies cubanas. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863, <bold>stat. restit.</bold> es destituida como sinónimo de <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> y considerada como una especie válida.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</trans-abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd>Hydrophilinae</kwd><kwd>Berosini</kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd>new synonymy</kwd><kwd>new records</kwd><kwd>Caribbean</kwd><kwd>Neotropical region</kwd><kwd>identification key</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The hydrophilid genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> Leach, 1817 is the largest genus in family <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Hydrophilidae</named-content>, containing more than 270 species distributed worldwide (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Short and Fikáček 2011</xref>) and inhabiting various types of standing and slowly running waters (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Oliva and Short 2012</xref>). The genus has been little studied in the Caribbean and in Cuba specifically, and the current knowledge is based primarily on occasional collecting events and historical records. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Chevrolat (1863)</xref> described three species which are until now considered Cuban endemics: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863 and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus aculeatus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863 (the name of the latter was later changed to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> Zaitzev, 1908 due to the homonymy). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach (1891)</xref> provided short redescriptions of these species and few additional records. Another supposedly endemic species, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946, was described later by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Orchymont (1946)</xref>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler (1973</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">1981</xref>) recorded <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus undatus</named-content></italic> (Fabricius, 1792) for the first time from Cuba and provided additional records on the five Cuban species. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref> only listed four species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> from Cuba. Finally, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck (2005)</xref> published the most complete checklist of Cuban Coleopterawith data on their distribution; in this work he listed seven species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic>. Except of the published works, an unpublished thesis by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> contains additional data on Cuban <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic>, which we also adopt here.</p><p>In this paper we provide a review of the Cuban fauna of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> containing redescriptions of the three of four species described as Cuban endemics (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>), we synonymize the fourth supposedly endemic species <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> with a widely distributed Caribbean <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic>, provide identification key and illustrations of all Cuban species and notes on their distribution and bionomics based on newly collected material. Three species are newly recorded for the Cuban fauna.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Materials and methods</title><p>This study is mainly based on the material collected during the field survey of Cuban aquatic beetles conducted between 2008 to 2012 by A. Deler-Hernández, Y. S. Megna and F. Cala-Riquelme. The survey was mainly focused on eastern Cuba, but several areas of western Cuba were also sampled. In total, the samples from 170 localities have <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>been collected, of which only 40 sites yielded <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic>. Specimens were collected with aquatic nets and preserved in 70%-95% ethanol. Except of this material, we also used the following sources of information: <italic>i)</italic> recently collected specimens provided to us by some Cuban colleagues; <italic>ii)</italic> material deposited in the zoological collection of the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática in La Habana, Museo de Historia Natural “Charles T. Ramsden”, Universidad de Oriente in Santiago de Cuba, National Museum in Prague and the Division of Entomology of the University of Kansas in Lawrence; and <italic>iii)</italic> literature records (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Chevrolat 1863</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach 1891</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">1981</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>). In the systematic section we provide detailed descriptions and differential diagnoses for three species originally described as Cuban endemics (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>), for remaining species we only include a short diagnosis summarizing the most important diagnostic characters.</p><p>Habitus photographs were taken using Canon D-550 digital camera with attached Canon MP-E65mm f/2.8 1–5× macro lens, and subsequently adapted in Adobe Photoshop CS2. Photographs of genitalia were taken using Nikon Coolpix P6000 digital camera attached to Olympus BX41 compound microscope and subsequently combined with Helicon Focus software. Line drawings were traced from the photographs taken using a Canon PowerShot A620 camera attached to a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C stereomicroscope or with the same equipment as for taking the habitus photographs. Dissections of male genitalia and mounting techniques follow those used by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Oliva and Short (2012)</xref>. Complete label data are provided for type specimens, data of additional material are listed in an adapted form; our notes to the label data are in square brackets [ ]; and it is added the catalogue number for each vial of the Cuban material deposited in BSC-E. General morphological terminology follows <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Hansen (1991)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Komarek (2004)</xref>, special terminology concerning <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> follows <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Oliva (1989)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Oliva and Short (2012)</xref>.</p><p>Examined material is deposited in the following collections:</p><p><abbrev>BSC-E<def><p> Departamento de Zoología, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (A. Deler-Hernández);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>CZACC<def><p> Colección Zoológica, Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana, Cuba (I. Fernández);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>CZCTR<def><p> Museo de Historia Natural “Charles Ramsden”, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (C. T. Ramsden historical collection) (M. Soto);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>IRSNB<def><p> Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (P. Limbourg);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>KSEM<def><p> Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, USA (A. Short);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>NMPC<def><p> National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic (M. Fikáček);</p></def></abbrev></p><p><abbrev>MNHN<def><p> Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Frances (Bedel collection) (A. Mantilleri).</p></def></abbrev></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<sec sec-type="Checklist of the Cuban species of Berosus"><title>Checklist of the Cuban species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic></title><p>(asterisk indicates the species newly recorded for Cuba)</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> Zaitzev, 1908</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus exiguus</named-content></italic> (Say, 1825)</p><p>*<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855</p><p>*<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> Knisch, 1924</p><p>= <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946, <bold>syn. n.</bold></p><p>*<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp, 1882</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus peregrinus</named-content></italic> (Herbst, 1797)</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863 <bold>stat. restit.</bold></p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus undatus</named-content></italic> (Fabricius, 1792)</p></sec></sec><sec><title>Systematics</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><label>Genus</label><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Leach, 1817</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus</p><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Adults are mostly medium-sized, elongate, and strongly convex. Coloration of the body is brown to yellowish-brown, with or without dark spots on the pronotum and elytra. The head is strongly flexed down, eyes are protuberant, and antennae have 7 antennomeres. The elytral apex is entire or produced into one or two spines. The mesoventral process is usually laminar. The male protarsi are widened and have four tarsomeres; those of females have five tarsomeres. The middle and hind tibiae and tarsi bear a fringe of long natatory setae. Abdominal ventrite 5 has a rectangular (or less frequently semicircular) emargination posteriorly.</p><p>Among Cuban hydrophilid genera, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> may be easily identified by large globular eyes, scutellum longer that wide and middle and hind tibiae and tarsi with well developed fringe of long natatory setae.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Species treatments"><title>Species treatments</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_chevrolati"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">chevrolati</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Zaitzev, 1908</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_chevrolati</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figures 1a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12a</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus aculeatus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chevrolat, 1863: 207 (primary homonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus aculeatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach 1891</xref>: 48 (diagnosis and distribution).</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (s.str.) <italic>chevrolati</italic> Zaitzev, 1908: 358 (replacement name for <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus aculeatus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 169 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>: 155 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 84 (catalogue). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.24 (notes on distribution).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Cuba.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material examined"><title>Type material examined.</title><p>Holotype: female (MNHN): “aculeatus / Ch. Cuba // this must be / Chevr. unique type of aculeatus / PJS [= P. J. Spangler] 1966”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Additional material examined"><title>Additional material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA</bold>: <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: 3 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Dos Caminos, stream, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l., 01.viii.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández., 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (BSC-E): El Vivero, 1.6 km E of Dos Caminos, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l. Guaninicú river, 20–21.vi.2012, leg. Deler-Hernández & Fikáček; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): La Maya, Cuatro Caminos, remanso [backwater] <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°07'58"N, 75°34'01"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l, 24.i.2008, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00019.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Pinar del Río</bold>: Quemado de Pineda (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Matanzas</bold>: Este de Matanzas [Eastern Matanzas], Río Canimar (Gundlach, 1891). <bold>Camagüey</bold>: Río El Manantiales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Sancti Spíritus</bold>: Río Caburny (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>); Arroyo Vega Grande (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>). <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: Contramaestre, Pozo Caliente, Río Contramaestre (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); II Frente, Arroyo Jarahueca (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); II Frente, Sabanilla, Río Mayarí (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); Río Ceiba (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); III Frente, Matías, Río Mogote (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Guantánamo</bold>: La Tinta, Río Baracoa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); Baracoa, Río Miel (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>); Niceto Peréz, Arroyo de los Berros (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>).</p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> Zaitzev, 1908. <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d-f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g001"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Small, widely elongate species, body length 3.6-4.6 mm. Head dark, metallic; pronotum pale, with median unpaired narrow black longitudinal spot mesally, pronotal punctation not darkened; elytra pale with irregular small dark spots in posterior half of elytral intervals. Elytral apices each without subapical tooth. Mesoventral process highly laminar, square-shaped, with large anterior and posterior teeth. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel throughout its length. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular with a median teeth. Median lobe of the aedeagus with short basal projection and rounded apex in lateral view.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Differential diagnosis"><title>Differential diagnosis.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> resembles <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> (with which it may even co-occur) by the small strongly punctate body, metallic head, presence of an unpaired dark spot on the pronotum, mesoventrite with hooded anterior tooth, median keel developed throughout abdominal ventrite 1, emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular with single median tooth and the median lobe of the aedeagus with long basal lobe projecting far posteriad and enlarged apical portion in lateral view. It differs from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> by the narrow central dark spot on the pronotum (dark spot is large and trilobate in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>), elytra more evenly convex (subapical area of each elytra forms a bump in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>), shortbasal projection of the median lobe (long in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>) and, rounded apex of the median lobe in lateral view (apex is beak-shaped in lateral view in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic>).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Redescription"><title>Redescription.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1a, b</xref>. Body length 3.4–4.6 mm. Body short and wide, moderately convex. Head black with metallic sheen, labrum black. Antennae testaceous. Maxillary palpi testaceous with palpomere 4 brown at apex. Pronotum testaceous with a central elongate metallic spot. Scutellum black with metallic sheen. Elytra testaceous with small brown spots without discrete borders. Pro-, meso- and metafemora testaceous, basal portion of metafemora sometimes slightly darker.</p><p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>Head with moderately large and rounded punctures. Pronotum with punctures of the same size as on head. Scutellum with a few deeply impressed punctures slightly smaller than those on the pronotum. Elytral striae well-impressed. Interstriae with small and shallow punctures, irregular long setae on posterior half of elytra; spine-like setae absent. Elytral apices entire and rounded, of same shape in males and females. Mesoventral process highly raised, square-shaped, with hood-like anterior tooth, posterior tooth moderately large (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1c</xref>). Metaventral process wide, slightly raised, square-shaped, with large, deep glabrous rhomboid median depression; posterolateral angles raised and rounded, posteromesal projection carinate. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median carina throughout its length. Abdominal ventrite 5 with deep rectangular emargination, bearing a broad median tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1g</xref>). Basal pubescence on basal 0.7 of meso- and of metafemora, the margin between pubescent and bare portions sinuate. Protarsus of male with adhesive soles on the first basal tarsomeres, first and second tarsomere distinctly thickened, third tarsomere very slightly thickened, fourth tarsomere elongate, almost as long as tarsomeres 1-3 combined. Claws moderately long, slender, arcuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1d–f</xref>): Phallobase ca. 0.6× total length of aedeagus. Parameres in lateral view wide basally, apically projecting into rounded apex slightly bent ventrad, bearing a row of subapical setae ventrally. Median lobe C-shaped in lateral view; basal projection short, directing apicad; apex wide and rounded in lateral view.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Currently only known from Cuba. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler (1981)</xref> recorded this species from several localities across the island, but all new material is from two sites in Santiago de Cuba province.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>We collected <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> along the margins of lowland streams and in isolated pools along these streams, in both cases having clear to turbid water and abundant organic matter (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Fig. 11a</xref>). This species is found at low altitudes (ranging from sea level to ca. 160 m a.s.l.) situated in the Central Valley (Valle Central). <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> is frequently associated with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> in those habitats. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler (1981)</xref> also collected the species in standing waters.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_exiguus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">exiguus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">(Say, 1825)</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_exiguus</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figures 2a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Hydrophilus exiguus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Say, 1825: 189.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus exiguus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Say). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 145 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key, recorded from Cuba). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Testa and Lago 1994</xref>: 26 (diagnosis, bionomic and distribution notes, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 86 (catalogue). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.19 (identification key, taxonomic notes). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Fernández et al. 2010</xref>: 28 (checklist). For complete references and synonymy see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref></named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>USA: Virginia, Chincoteague Island.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA</bold>: <bold>Isla de la Juventud</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Punta del Este, Laguna Cayamás, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°33'43"N, 82°33'18"W</named-content>, 3 m a.s.l., 23.v.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00165. <bold>Camagüey</bold>: 2 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Nuevitas, Cayo Sabinal, Laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°38'6.1"N, 77°10'8.2"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 06.v.2010, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>leg. O. Bello, 00153; 2 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Cayo Sabinal, permanent lagoon, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°38'6.1"N, 77°10'8.2"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 06.v.2010, leg. Y. Torres. <bold>Santiago de Cuba:</bold> 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Miguel de Parada, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l., 29.v.2009, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00136; 4 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Miguel de Parada, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l., 05.ix.2009, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00151; 2 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): San Miguel de Parada, temporal lagoon, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l, 05.ix.2009, leg. A. Deler-Hernández.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Pinar del Rio:</bold> unspecified locality (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 149, Map 21).</p><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus exiguus</named-content></italic> (Say, 1825). <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g002"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2a, b</xref>. Body length 3.0–3.7 mm. Head testaceuos, pronotum testaceous without median darker spots, punctation not darkened, elytra testaceous with irregularly arranged ill-defined slightly darker spots. Elytral apices entire and rounded in both sexes. Mesoventral process highly laminar, triangular in shape, anterior tooth large projecting posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed on basal half only. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular, without teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2g</xref>) (in non-Cuban specimens, a very small medial tooth is present: <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Testa and Lago 1994</xref>). Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2d–f</xref>) with median lobe only slightly shorter than parameres, with apex curved ventrad, bearing two series of long setae on dorsal surface.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Eastern USA (from New York to Florida, westwards reaching to Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi and Oklahoma), Bahamas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Young 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>) and Cuba. In Cuba, it is known from the central and eastern region.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus exiguus</named-content></italic> is mainly restricted to brackish waters in coastal regions. Cuban specimens have been collected in temporary brackish pools with clear water, abundant organic detritus on the bottom and associated aquatic riparian vegetation.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_infuscatus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">infuscatus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">LeConte, 1855</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_infuscatus</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figures 3a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> LeConte, 1855: 365: – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 248 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Testa and Lago 1994</xref>: 26 (diagnosis, bionomic and distribution notes, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.21 (identification key, taxonomic notes). For complete synonymy and references see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref>.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>USA: “middle and southern States, e.g. New Orleans”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA</bold>: <bold>Isla de la Juventud</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Punta del Este, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°33'43"N, 82°33'18"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l., 21.v.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00160. <bold>Pinar del Río</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Guanahacabibes, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°54'26"N, 84°39'14"W</named-content>, 3 m a.s.l., 20.iii.2003, leg. Y. S. Megna and <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>O. Bello, 00176. <bold>Camagüey</bold>: 2 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Cayo Sabinal, lagoon, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°38'6.1"N, 77°10'8.2"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 06.v.2010, leg. Y. T. Cambas. <bold>Las Tunas:</bold> 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Palancón, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°00'N, 76°54'W</named-content>, 100 m a.s.l., 04.viii.2004, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00017. <bold>Granma</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Cauto Cristo, Laguna <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>permanente-I [permanent pool-I], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 04.i.2005, leg. L. Chávez, 00175. <bold>Guantánamo</bold>: 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): [no locality and date] leg. C. T. Ramsdem.</p><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> LeConte, 1855. <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g003"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3a, b</xref>. Body length 5.5–6.0 mm. Head metallic black with paler anterior margin of clypeus; pronotum pale, with a pair of closely associated dark narrow longitudinal spots mesally, elytra brownish with indistinct irregularly arranged slightly darker spots. Head and pronotum with very distinct mesh-like microsculpture on interstices. Elytral apices entire and rounded in both sexes. Mesoventral process laminar, anterior tooth large, projecting posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular, with two sharp medial teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3g</xref>). Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3d–f</xref>) with median lobe slightly shorter than parameres, arched in lateral view. Parameres sinuate on lateral margin subapically.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin), Mexico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Young 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>) and Cuba. The above specimens represent the first record of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic> from Cuba and the West Indies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>Cuban specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic>have been collected among submerged aquatic vegetation in sun-exposed brackish permanent and temporary lagoons in coastal zones with turbid water and muddy/stony bottoms.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_interstitialis"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">interstitialis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Knisch, 1924</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_interstitialis</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figures 4a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Fletiaux & Sallé, 1889: 337 (secondary homonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Enoplurus tessellatus</named-content></italic> Motschulsky, 1859).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (s.str.) <italic>interstitialis</italic> Knisch, 1924: 270. – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 191 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.24 (taxonomic notes).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Orchymont, 1946: 13. <bold>Syn. n.</bold> – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>: 156 (taxonomic and distribution notes). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Fernández et al. 2010</xref>: 28 (checklist).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Guadeloupe, Grande Terre and Trois-Rivières.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material examined"><title>Type material examined.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic>:Not examined. Type specimens were not found on our request for loan in MNHN. Instead, we examined the specimens identified as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> deposited in coll. d’Orchymont and coll. Knisch in IRSNB (see below).</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic>: Holotype: male (IRSNB): “[male sign] / Cuba 10. K / S. of Pinar Rio / Sep. 12-23 ’13 // A. d’Orchymont det. / Berosus (s.str.) / stribalus m. // Type”. Paratype: 1 spec. (IRSNB): “St. / Domin- / go // Berosus / striatus / Say // coll. Orch. // A. d’Orchymont det. / Berosus (s.str.) / stribalus m. // Para- / type”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Additional material examined"><title>Additional material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA: Isla de la Juventud</bold>: 4 exs. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): vii.1960 [no locality and collector indicated]; 8 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>Punta del Este, laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°33'43"N, 82°33'18"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l., 21.v.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00180; 8 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Laguna Cayamás, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°33'43"N, 82°33'18"W</named-content>, 3 m a.s.l., 23.v.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00178. <bold>Pinar del Río</bold>: 57 exs. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): Lomas de Soroa, v/vi.1963, [no collector indicated]; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Viñales, arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">22°33'36.35"N, 83°49'59"W</named-content>, 170 m a.s.l., 18.iv.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00146. <bold>Artemisa</bold>:8 exs. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): Laguna Ariguanabo, vi.1963, [no collector indicated]. <bold>Mayabeque</bold>:1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): Jibacoa, littoral on north coast, v.1962, [no collector indicated]. <bold>Matanzas</bold>:1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): Playa Larga, iv.1965, [no collector indicated]; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZACC): Bacunayagua, vi.1940 [no collector indicated]. <bold>Camagüey</bold>:1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Sierra de Cubitas, Río El Roble, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°32'53.23"N, 77°46'42.31"W</named-content>, 55 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00148. <bold>Las Tunas</bold>:1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Amancio, Comunales, laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°49'59"N, 77°32'32"W</named-content>, 34 m a.s.l., 04.x.2008, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00179; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): La Fé, laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°49'17.7"N, 77°34'40.8"W</named-content>, 50 m a.s.l., 18.xii.2008, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00147. <bold>Granma</bold>: 2 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Cauto Cristo, laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 04.i.2005, leg. L. Chávez, 00150; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Cauto Cristo, permanent lagoon <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 04.i.2005, leg. L. Chávez. <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>:1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Guamá, La Mula, laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°58'33.6"N, 76°46'4.8"W</named-content>, 4 m a.s.l., 20.vi.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00018. <bold>Guantánamo</bold>:1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZCTR): Guantánamo, San Carlos [at light], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°26'22"N, 74°42'31"W</named-content>, 160 m a.s.l., 18.vii.1915, leg. C. T. Ramsden; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (CZCTR): San Carlos [at light], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°26'22"N, 74°42'31"W</named-content>, 160 m a.s.l., 24.viii.1917, leg. C. T. Ramsden; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Antonio del Sur, Macambo, Río Macambo, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°03'26.9"N, 74°44'15"W</named-content>, 4 m a.s.l., 24.x.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa, Nibujón, laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°30'8.6"N, 74°38'88"W</named-content>, 8 m a.s.l., 03.ii.2010, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00149. 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): [without precise locality]:“Cuba / Gundlach // 1541 / 977 // Kniž det. / interstitialis”. <bold>GUADELOUPE:</bold> 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): “Guadeloupe / coll. A. d’Orchymont // Berosus s.str. / tessellatus / Fleut. & Salle // A. d’Orchymont det.” [based on attached note, d’Orchymont compared this specimen with one of the types of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic> from the collection of Fleutiaux which is currently lost and not available for reexamination; the specimen is a male, but has the abdomen destroyed by a dermestid larva]; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): Trois Riviéres, leg. Dufau. <bold>PUERTO RICO:</bold> 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): [without detailed locality data], leg. Moritz. <bold>VIRGIN ISLANDS:</bold> 2 exs. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): Saint Thomas, leg. C. Felsche.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Pinar del Río</bold>: Entronque de Manuel Sanguili (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Isla de la Juventud</bold>: Laguna Base Julio Antonio Mella (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Holguín</bold>: Gibara, Arroyo Landivar at Finca Pozón (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: Matías (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>).</p><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> Knisch, 1924. <bold>a-b</bold> habitus of the holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> Orchymont, 1946 (<bold>a</bold> dorsal view <bold>b</bold> lateral view) <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g004"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figs 4a, b</xref>. Body length 5.0–5.3 mm. Head uniformly dark, metallic green; pronotum pale with a pair of closely aggregated longitudinal nar<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>row dark spots mesally; elytra pale with darkened punctation and with dark spots in anterior and posterior third of intervals 1 and 2, in humeral area and at midlength of intervals 7-9, plus with variable number of spots on remaining intervals. Elytral apices entire in both sexes. Mesoventral process laminar, with small anterior tooth projecting <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>ventrad, nearly straight middle portion and rounded posterior part (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of ventrite 5 deep, subrectangular, with two slender medial teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4g</xref>), not showing sexual dimorphism. Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figs 4d–f</xref>) strongly compressed from sides; parameres ca. 2× as long as phallobase, wide throughout in lateral view except for tooth-like apex; bases of the parameres in dorsal view with characteristic basal teeth.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Taxonomic note"><title>Taxonomic note.</title><p>The synonymy of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> was first proposed in an unpublished thesis by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966</xref>: 302). The reasons for the synonymy were not explained, and Cuba (i.e. type locality of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic>) was not even mentioned in the distribution of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> in the taxonomic part of the thesis. We were not able to examine the types of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic> from the collection of Fleutiaux in MNHN as the specimens were not found. We therefore examined the specimens identified as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic> deposited in IRSNB, including one male from Guadeloupe (type locality of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic>) bearing the note that it was compared with the types of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus tessellatus</named-content></italic> by A. d’Orchymont. Comparison of these specimens with the types of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> and with newly collected Cuban specimens revealed that they all specimens agree in the diagnostic characters mentioned above, including the characteristic shape of the aedeagus and a characteristic tooth on the base of each paramere. We may therefore confirm the unpublished synonymy proposed by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> and consider <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> as a junior subjective synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>Cuban specimens were collected mainly in standing waters as well as in isolated pools along streams and rivers in the lowlands. The localities are usually exposed to sun and have turbid water, muddy bottom, submerged vegetation and are rich in organic matter.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Widely distributed Caribbean species, so far recorded from the Bahamas, Haiti Guadeloupe, Virgin Islands Puerto Rico and Cuba (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Orchymont 1946</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>, this paper). The species is here recorded for the first time from Cuba, due to the synonymy of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus stribalus</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic>.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_metalliceps"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">metalliceps</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Sharp, 1882</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_metalliceps</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figures 5a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Sharp, 1882: 83. – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 150 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.24 (taxonomic and distribution notes). For complete synonymy and references see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref>.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>México: Tres Marías Island.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA</bold>: <bold>Camagüey</bold>:1 ex. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Cayo Sabinal, permanent lagoon, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°38'6.1"N, 77°10'8.2"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 06.v.2010, leg. Y. Torres.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp, 1882. <bold>a–b</bold> habitus of the only known Cuban specimen (<bold>a</bold> dorsal view <bold>b</bold> lateral view) <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g005"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5a, b</xref>. Body length 4.5 mm. Head metallic black, pronotum pale without dark spots, elytra pale with dark stripes on elytral series and slightly darker spot in posterior third of interval 1. Elytral apices entire and rounded. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>Mesoventral process laminar, triangular in shape, anterior tooth projecting posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular, without tooth median (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5g</xref>). Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5d–f</xref>) with median lobe much longer than parameres, with enlarged spatula–shaped apex in ventral view, sinuate on dorsal face in lateral view. Parameres simple, rounded apically, phallobase ca. 0.3× total length of aedeagus.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>USA (California), Mexico, Bahamas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Young 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>) and Cuba. The above specimen represents the first record of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> from Cuba.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>The Cuban specimen was collected in the highly exposed brackish permanent lagoon with muddy bottom.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_peregrinus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">peregrinus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">(Herbst, 1797)</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_peregrinus</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figures 6a–g</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Hydrophilus peregrinus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Herbst, 1797: 314.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus peregrinus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Herbst); <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">LeConte (1855</xref>: 364, transferred to <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content>). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 163 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Smetana 1988</xref>: 50 (diagnosis, recorded from Cuba). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 91 (catalogue). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.20 (identification key).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“North America”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Material examined"><title>Material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA:</bold> no material examined. <bold>USA: Texas:</bold> 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (NMPC); 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Maverick Co., Rt. 277 at Tequesquite Creek, large creek [AS-03-011], 31.viii.2003, leg. A. E. Z. Short.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Cuba:</bold> without specified locality (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Smetana 1988</xref>). <bold>Pinar del Río:</bold> without specified locality (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>).</p><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus peregrinus</named-content></italic> (Herbst, 1797), specimen from USA, Texas. <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b </bold>habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g006"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6a, b</xref>. Body length 4.1–5.2 mm. Head metallic black, pronotum pale with two small submedian dark spots anteriorly, elytra pale with rather sharply defined dark spots on intervals 1-2 and in humeral area. Elytral apices entire and rounded. Mesoventral process laminar, triangular in shape, anterior tooth large, projecting posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular with a single median broad and short tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6g</xref>). Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6d–f</xref>) with median lobe slender, pointed at apex, parameres shorter than median lobe, very wide in lateral view, narrowing into sharply pointed apex bearing tuft of setae apically. Phallobase long, ca. 0.6× total length of aedeagus.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (from New York and Pennsylvania to Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, westward at least to Arizona, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>), and Cuba. In Cuba, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus peregrinus</named-content></italic> has been recorded only from Pinar del Río (without exact locality) by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck (2005)</xref>. We did not collect this species in our survey.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_quadridens"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">quadridens</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Chevrolat, 1863</named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">stat. restit.</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_quadridens</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figures 7a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">8e–h</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus (Anchialus) quadridens</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chevrolat, 1863: 206.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> : – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach 1891</xref>: 47 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Zaitzev 1908</xref>: 357. – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Mouchamps 1963</xref>: 121 (synonymized with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> Castelnau, 1840).<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment> – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 56 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>: 156 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 82 (as synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Deler-Hernández and Cala-Riquelme 2010</xref>: 73 (diagnosis, distribution, identification key).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Cuba.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material. </title><p>Not examined.</p><p><bold>Additional material examined CUBA</bold>: <bold>Pinar del Río:</bold> 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): S of Pinar del Rio, 12/23.ix.1913. <bold>Isla de la Juventud</bold>: 7 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Punta del Este, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°33'43"N, 82°33'18"W</named-content>, 1 m a.s.l., 21.v.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00142. <bold>Granma</bold>: 3 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Cauto Cristo, Laguna permanente-I [permanent pool-I], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 04.i.2005, leg. L. Chávez, 00087; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Cauto Cristo, Laguna permanente-I [permanent pool-I], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 13.vi.2004, leg. L. Chávez, 00174. <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Palma Soriano, Monte Barranca, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°20'13.5"N, 76°1'11.6"W</named-content>, 203 m a.s.l., 05.xii.2007, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and B. Téllez, 00052. <bold>MEXICO</bold>: <bold>Sinaloa</bold>:1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): Los Mochis Station, x.1921 leg. R. V. van Zwaluwenburg. <bold>Veracruz</bold>:2 exs. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): without more detailed locality, leg. Höge. <bold>GUATEMALA:</bold> 4 exs. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): Paso Antonio, 400 ft., leg. Champion. <bold>NICARAGUA: Chinandega:</bold> 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (IRSNB): Posoltega, 06.v.1984, UV light, leg. Algodon. <bold>COSTA RICA</bold>: <bold>Guanacaste</bold>:10 exs. (dry-mounted) (KSEM, NMPC): 11.5 km W of Cañas, 15 m a.s.l., HG light by ditch/field [AS-04-026], leg. A. E. Z. Short & D. J. Lebbin; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Highway 1, 13.1 km SW of Liberia, roadside ditch/pools, 16.vi.2003, leg. A. E. Z. Short.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Cuba</bold>: <bold>Isla de la Juventud</bold>: Laguna Base Julio Antonio Mella (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Matanzas: Cárdenas</bold> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach 1891</xref>). <bold>Holguín</bold>: Gibara, Arroyo Landivar at Finca Pozón (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>).</p><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863. <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> apex offemale elytron <bold>d</bold> apex of male elytron <bold>e</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>f–g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5 (<bold>f</bold> female <bold>g</bold> male).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8.</label><caption><p>Comparison of the aedeagus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> Castelnau, 1840 (<bold>a–d</bold>) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863 (<bold>e–h</bold>). <bold>a,e</bold> dorsal view <bold>b, f</bold> lateral view <bold>c, g</bold> detail of setae of parameres <bold>d, h</bold> ventral view. Both aedeagi shown to scale.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g008"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Large elongate species, body length 6.2–6.7 mm. Head testaceous with darker central part of clypeus and frons; pronotum pale, with a pair of vaguely defined narrow black longitudinal spots mesally, pronotal punctation darkened; elytra pale with dark elytral striae, interval punctation and variable number of larger dark spots on elytral intervals. Elytral apices each with a large subapical tooth, sutural angle sexually dimorphic, rounded in males, sharply pointed in females. Mesoventral process highly laminar, subtriangular in shape, anterior tooth weakly developed. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 deeply and narrowly excised in males, shallowly semicircular in females. Aedeagus large, with joint parameres pointed apically, with subbasal tuft of setae on dorsal surface, ventral membranous lobes minute, median lobe slender and long.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Differential diagnosis"><title>Differential diagnosis.</title><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> is easily distinguishable from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> by the relatively larger and more sclerotized aedeagus having stouter and relatively longer phallobase, by ventral face of parameres bearing subbasal tuft of setae <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 8g</xref>) (whereas bearing a series of setae (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 8c</xref>) in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>), by relatively longer and narrower median lobe and minute membranous dorsal projections of the parameres (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8e, f, h</xref>) (in contrast to moderately large ones present (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8a, b, d</xref>) in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>). The aedeagus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> may resemble that of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic> by its large size and presence of subbasal tuft of setae on ventral face of the paramere, but both species distinctly differ by the size and proportions of the phallobase (ca. half as long as the whole aedeagus and very robust in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic>; ca. third as long as the whole aedeadus and less robust in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>) and by the proportions of the ventral membranous lobe of the paramere (minute in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>, nearly as long as paramere in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic>). In general, the aedeagus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> looks like an enlarged aedeagus of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> on the first view, whereas that of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic> clearly differs from both <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> by the general proportions of its parts. We failed to find any realiable external differences between <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> indicates the differences in the shape of the apical portion of elytra – these were found rather constant in shape in examined specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>, but seem to be very variable in examined specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment> and the character seems to be therefore unrealiable for distinguishing both species at the moment. Based on the differences mentioned above, we confirm that <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> is a valid species, distinct from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Redescription"><title>Redescription.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7a, b</xref>. Body length 6.2–6.7 mm. Head, labrum and antennae testaceous. Maxillary palpi testaceous with palpomere 4 dark at apex. Pronotum testaceous with two metallic black central spots developed throughout pronotum. Scutellum testaceous. Elytra testaceous with oblique series of dark brown spots in posterior half and laterally, interval punctuation and elytra striae darkened. Pro- and mesofemora testaceous; metafemora with pubescent portion brown, glabrous portion testaceous.</p><p>Head and pronotum with punctures moderately fine and rounded. Elytral striae narrow well impressed. Interstriae fine and flat, bearing spine-like setae on posterior half of elytra. Scutellum with few impressed punctures. Elytral apices bidentate, each bearing a projection on sutural angle and subapically; shape sexually dimorphic, with sutural angle rounded in males (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7d</xref>), sharply pointed in females (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7c</xref>). Mesoventral process highly laminar, triangular in shape, anterior tooth barely visible, followed by a convex and smooth ridge (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7e</xref>). Metaventral process raised, triangular in shape, with elongate and deep glabrous median depression; posterolateral angles produced into triangular laminae, posterior projection pointed. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median carina only between metacoxae and with large, deep, rounded lateral depressions. Abdominal ventrite 5 with a deep rounded emargination without tooth in males (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7g</xref>), in females with semicircular apical notch (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7f</xref>). Basal pubescence of meso- and metafemora covering basal two thirds of femoral length, borderline between pubescent and glabrous portion sinuate on meso- femur, straight on metafemur. Protarsus of male with adhesive soles on the two basal tarsomeres, protarsomeres 1-2 thickened, tarsomere 1 longer than tarsomere 2, tarsomere 3 elongate; tarsomere 4 elongate, as long as tarsomeres 1-3 combined. Claws long, slender and curved.</p><p>Male genitalia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8e–h</xref>): Phallobase robust, ca. 0.4× as long as whole aedeagus, slightly widening basad in lateral view. Parameres joint mesally, together forming a dish-like structure surrounding median lobe; apical portion rounded in lateral view, pointed in ventral view; ventral portion of each paramere with minute membranous lobe; dorsal face of each paramere with a tuft of setae situated subbasally. Median lobe stick-shaped, reaching to apical 0.75 of paremeres.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Taxonomic comments"><title>Taxonomic comments.</title><p>Described from Cuba, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> was considered endemic to the island, whereas the continental form was supposed to represent the widely distributed South American species <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> (e.g., <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Zaitzev 1908</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">Knisch 1924</xref>). Based on two females from Cuba (one of which we reexamined in this study), <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Mouchamps (1963)</xref> synonymized <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>. This was questioned by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> who followed the unpublished opinion of J. Balfour-Browne and considered <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> as a species separate from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> occurring not only in Cuba, but also in Central America. The thesis by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref>, and therefore the revalidation of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>,remained unpublished <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>and was only adopted without any explanatory comments in the catalogue of Cuban beetles by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck (2005)</xref>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref> considered <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> as a dubious synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> pending revision (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Oliva (1989)</xref> considered the size and proportions of the genitalia of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> as geographically variable, being larger and wider in subtropical areas. Recently, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Oliva and Short (2012)</xref> described the specimens with the large aedeagus from Venezuela and Guyana as a separate species <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic> Oliva & Short, 2012, but the identity of the Central American and Caribbean specimens remained unsolved.</p><p>We were not able to examine the unique type of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> from “Cuba”, as it was not found in MNHN after our loan request in 2012. A single species of Cuban <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> matching the original description by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Chevrolat (1863)</xref> was found in Cuba in our survey; no closely related or similar species was recorded from Cuba. We therefore do not have doubts that the Cuban specimens examined correspond to Chevrolat’s (1863) understanding of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>. Moreover, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> mentioned that J. Balfour-Browne has examined the type of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> and found it to be conspecific with Central American specimens identified previously as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>. This corresponds with our findings, as we found that all examined Central American specimens of “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>”are conspecific with the Cuban ones, and clearly differ from the South American species (see Diagnosis above for diagnostic characters).</p><p>By confirming the separate species status of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic>, the originally widely understood <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic> is shown to consist of three species: the widely distributed South American <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> confined to the Caribbean and Central America, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic> known so far from Venezuela and Guyana. In the material from IRSNB we examined for this study, we have found few specimens from Bolivia (Río Beni) and southern Peru (Ica) which male genitalia are extremely similar to those of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> by their large size, strong sclerotization and relatively longer phallobase; however, they seem to differ from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> by the presence of the series of setae on the paramere (as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>) and the dorsal membranous lobe of the paramere being ca. as long as in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus megaphallus</named-content></italic> (examined only in the Bolivian specimen, indistict in dissected Peruan ones). We suppose that these specimens may represent yet another undescribed species of the formerly broadly understood <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus truncatipennis</named-content></italic>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>The Cuban specimens examined in the present work were collected in highly exposed freshwater pools with turbid water, muddy bottom and without cover vegetation. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach (1891)</xref> also reports this species from permanent ponds in the Matanzas Province.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Based on the specimens examined for this study, we may confirm the occurrence of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> for Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Cuba. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> also maps one record from Panama, but does not cite label data. In Cuba, the species is known from the western (including Isla de la Juventud special municipality) and eastern regions.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_trilobus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">trilobus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Chevrolat, 1863</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_trilobus</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figures 9a–g</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">12a–b</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Chevrolat, 1863: 207. – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Gundlach 1891</xref>: 47 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>: 354 (distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>: 155 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 95 (catalogue). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.24 (notes on distribution).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Cuba.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material examined"><title>Type material examined.</title><p>Holotype: female (MNHN): “Berosus / trifidus / Chv. Cuba / … [illegible] // von / G. Hemiosus / Sharp [= of the genus Hemiosus Sharp] // this must be / Chev. unique / type of trilobus / 1966 / PJS [= P. J. Spangler]”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Additional material examined"><title>Additional material examined.</title><p><bold>CUBA</bold>: <bold>Sancti Spíritus</bold>:50 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Topes de Collantes, El Nueve, Río Caburny, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°55'50"N, 80°00'59"W</named-content>, 539 m a.s.l., 29.vi.2010, leg. A. Deler-Hernández. <bold>Camagüey</bold>: 19 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Sierra de Cubitas, Río El Roble, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">21°32'53.23"N, 77°46'42.31"W</named-content>, 55 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00144. <bold>Holguín</bold>: 6 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Jardín Botánico, Arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°51'46.8"N, 76°13'22.8"W</named-content>, 84 m a.s.l., 07.xii.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00074. <bold>Granma</bold>: 7 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Parque Nacional Turquino, La Platica, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°00'33.80"N, 76°53'38.47"W</named-content>, 800 m a.s.l., 29.iii.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00143; 12 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Turquino NP, around La Platica, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°0.7'N, 76°53.4'W</named-content>, 880 m a.s.l. [MF24], 25-26.vi.2012 leg. A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček. <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: 6 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Campo Rico-II, Río Indio, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°59'54.5"N, 75°32'4.6"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l., 15.ix.2003, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and F. Cala-Riquelme, 00046; 4 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Gran Piedra, El Olimpo, Arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°00'33"N, 75°40'13"W</named-content>, 820 m a.s.l., 04.viii.2005, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00016; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): II Palmas, La Cubana, Laguna temporal-II [temporal pool-II], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°3'15.48"N, 76°8'3.12"W</named-content>, 320 m a.s.l., 02.xii.2005, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00086; 30 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Palma Soriano, Arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°06'05"N, 75°58'44"W</named-content>, 130 m a.s.l., 16.ii.2005, leg. K. Blanco, 00047; 5 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Guamá, La Mula, Río Turquino, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°56'57"N, 76°45'36"W</named-content>, 8 m a.s.l., 21.vi.2005, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00085; 6 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Guamá, Los Morones, Río Turquino, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°58'33.6"N, 76°46'4.8"W</named-content>, 200 m a.s.l., 18.vi.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00006; 2 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Luis, Dos Caminos, El Vivero, Laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l., 01.viii.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00028; 3 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Luis, Dos Caminos, El Vivero, Río Guaninicú, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'2.50"N, 75°46'17.7"W</named-content>, 150 m a.s.l., 01.viii.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00029; 31 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): El Vivero, 1.6 km E of Dos Caminos, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°10.8'N, 75°46.4'W</named-content>, ca. 150 m a.s.l. [MF18], 20–21.vi.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček; 5 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Loma del Gato, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>Chan-Chan, Arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°58'27.4"N, 75°53'22.2"W</named-content>, 353 m a.s.l., 27.vi.2009, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00118; 3 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): La Redonda, Río Sevilla, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°00'54.3"N, 75°45'45.6"W</named-content>, 15 m a.s.l., 17.v.2009, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>00154. <bold>Guantánamo</bold>: 36 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E) Imías, Yacabo Abajo, Río Yacabo Abajo, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°06'05"N, 74°69'00"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 24.x.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and S. Muñiz, 00091; 20 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Antonio del Sur, Macambo, Río Macambo, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°03'26.9"N, 74°44'15.82"W</named-content>, 4 m a.s.l., 25.x.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and S. Muñiz, 00055; 16 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa-Maisí, Río Yumurí, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°17'47.76"N, 74°17'39.5"W</named-content>, 5 m a.s.l., 27.i.2010, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and R. Correa, 00152; 96 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa, Yunque, Río Duaba, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19'54.40"N, 74°34'9.08"W</named-content>, 70 m a.s.l., 31.i.2010, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00171; 27 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): El Yunque, 2.5-3.3 km SW of campismo popular, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19.4'N, 74°34.2'W</named-content>, ca. 80-100 m a.s.l., 10.vi.2012 [MF02], leg. A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček; 61 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC, KSEM): El Yunque, "La Cascada”, ca. 2.1 km SW of campismo, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19.9'N, 74°34'W</named-content>, ca. 60 m a.s.l. [MF07], 12-13.vi.2012, leg. F. Cala-Riquelme, A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček; 2 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): El Yunque, 3.2 km SW of campismo, right tributary of Duaba river, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19'N, 74°34'W</named-content>, ca. 150 m a.s.l. [MF09], 13.vi.2012; leg. A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček; 14 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): El Yunque, in/around campismo popular, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°20.4'N, 74°32.9'W</named-content>, ca. 40 m a.s.l. [MF05], 10-13.vi.2012, leg. M. Fikáček; 20 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): PN Alejandro de Humboldt, ca. 1.7 km NW of Santa María, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°32'N, 74°43'W</named-content>, ca. 50 m a.s.l. [MF13], 16.vi.2012, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and M. Fikáček; 18 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa, Jamal, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°17'13.9"N, 74°25'33.6"W</named-content>, 40 m a.s.l., 09.ii.2010, leg. R. Correa, 00169; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa, Cabacú, Laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19'14"N, 74°28'58"W</named-content>, 10 m a.s.l., 04.iii.2010, leg. R. Correa, 00170; 6 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E) 6 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Baracoa, Cabacú, Laguna permanente [permanent pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19'14"N, 74°28'58"W</named-content>, 10 m a.s.l., 16.iii.2010, leg. R. Correa , 00164; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): La Marsella, Río Guaso, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°26'22"N, 74°42'31"W</named-content>, 60 m a.s.l., 26.i.2004, leg. Y. S. Megna , 00173; 3 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Baracoa, Loma de los Guineos, Arroyo [stream], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°19'38.38"N, 74°35'35.37"W</named-content>, 530 m a.s.l., 07.iv.2012; leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00177. <bold>Without precise locality</bold>:2 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): “O. Koechin / Cuba // Collectio / Dr. Jureček / H. Jurečková”; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (MNHN): “1542 / 1798”. <bold>DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:</bold> 25 exs. (dry-mounted) (KSEM, NMPC): near Hato Mayor, creek off Ruta 103, 02.xi.2000, leg. A. E. Z. Short.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Cuba:</bold> without specified locality(Gundlach, 1891). <bold>Pinar del Río</bold>: Quemado de Pineda (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Sancti Spíritus</bold>: Río Caburny near Topes de Collantes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>); Arroyo Vegas Grande near Topes de Collantes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>). <bold>Camagüey</bold>: Río El Manantiales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Holguín</bold>: Arroyo Jarahueca (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: II Frente, Sabanilla, Arroyo La Poa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); II Frente, Arroyo Jarahueca (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); Contramaestre, Pozo Caliente, Río Contramaestre (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); II Frente, Sabanilla, Río Mayarí (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); II Frente, Río Ceiba affl. Río Mayarí (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); III Frente, Río Brazo Seco (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); III Frente, Matías, Río Mogote (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Guantánamo</bold>: Maisí, La Tinta, Río Baracoa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>, 1981); Niceto Pérez, Sierra de <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>Canasta, Arroyo de los Berros (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); Río Miel at Baracoa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Spangler 1973</xref>); Baracoa, Yumurí, Río Yumurí (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>).</p><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat, 1863. <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g009"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Small widely elongate species, body length 3.2–3.7 mm. Head dark, metallic; pronotum pale laterally, with large trilobite central dark spot, pronotal punctation not darkened laterally; elytra pale with dark intervals 8-10 and large transverse dark spots on posterior half of elyttral intervals 1-7. Elytral apices without subapical tooth, bumpy along suture subapically. Mesoventral process highly laminar, rectangular with large anterior and posterior teeth. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel throughout its length. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular with a median tooth. Median lobe of the aedeagus with long basal projection and beak-like apex in lateral view.</p><p><bold>Differential diagnosis.</bold> For diagnostic characters and difference from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic>, see the latter species.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Redescription"><title>Redescription.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9a, b</xref>. Body length 3.2–3.7 mm. Body short and wide, moderately convex in lateral view. Labrum black, dorsum of head melanic with strong metallic luster. Antennae testaceous. Maxillary palpi testaceous with palpomere 4 dark at apex. Pronotum testaceous with unpaired metallic black spot, the spot expanding laterad posteriorly, and hence trilobite in general shape. Elytra testaceous with small ill-defined dark brown spots on disc and, a broad metallic dark area throughout lateral portion. Pro-, meso- and metafemora with pubescent portion dark brown, glabrous portion testaceous.</p><p>Head with moderately large and rounded punctures. Pronotum with punctures slightly larger than on head. Scutellum with few impressed punctures. Elytral striae distinctly impressed; intervals flat and wide, irregular long setae on elytra; spine-like setae absent. Elytral apices entire and rounded in both sexes; highly bumpy along suture, depressed laterally on sides. Mesoventral process raised, rectangular in shape, with hood-like anterior tooth, posterior tooth large (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9c</xref>). Metaventral process widely rectangular, with large and deep elongate glabrous median depression; posterolateral portions bulge-like, posterior projection pointed. Abdominal ventrite 1 with median carina throughout the length. Abdominal ventrite 5 with rectangular emargination bearing broad and sharp median tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9g</xref>). Meso- and metafemora with pubescence covering basal 0.7 of total length, borderline between pubescent and glabrous portion sinuate. Protarsus of male with adhesive soles on tarsomeres 1-2, tarsomeres 1-2 distinctly thickened, tarsomere 3 elongate; tarsomere 4 2× as long as tarsomere 3. Claws long, slender, slightly arched.</p><p>Male genitalia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9d-f</xref>). Phallobase ca. 0.7× total length of aedeagus. Parameres in lateral view wide basaly, narrowing subapically and apically projecting into rounded apex, lacking setae. Median lobe G-shaped in lateral view, with long basal projection directing apicad; apex wide, beak-shaped in lateral view.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>Dominican Republic and Cuba. The species was until now considered as Cuban endemic (e.g., <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>), although <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell (1966)</xref> mentioned specimens from the Dominican Republic. We are here confirming the occurrence of the species in the Dominican Republic based on recently collected specimens deposited in KSEM.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>In our survey, the specimens of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> were collected usually in streams and rivers with stony or sandy bottom, clear water and with or without aquatic vegetation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Figs 11a, b</xref>), although once it has also been collected in a temporary pool with stony-muddy bottom, abundant organic matter, turbid water and rich submerged vegetation. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> is found in elevations ranging from sea level to ca. 850 m a.s.l.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name" xlink:href="http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_undatus"><named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">undatus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">(Fabricius, 1792)</named-content></p><p>http://species-id.net/wiki/Berosus_undatus</p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figures 10a–i</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">11</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Hydrophilus undatus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Fabricius, 1792: 185.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus undatus</named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Fabricius, 1792). Synonymy: <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Gemminger and Harold 1868</xref>: 485. – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Van Tassell 1966</xref>: 74 (unpublished PhD thesis: redescription, identification key). – Spangler 1981: 156 (diagnosis and distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen 1999</xref>: 82 (catalogue). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Peck 2005</xref>: 48 (checklist). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Epler 2010</xref>: 12.24 (notes on distribution). – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Deler-Hernández and Cala-Riquelme 2010</xref>: 73 (diagnosis, distribution, identification key). For complete synonymy and references see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Hansen (1999)</xref>.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“America meridionalis”.</p><p><bold>Material examined. CUBA</bold>: <bold>Las Tunas</bold>: 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Las Cuarenta, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°00'9.72"N, 76°57'48.6"W</named-content>, 100 m a.s.l., 27.xi.2004, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00045. <bold>Granma</bold>: 2 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Cauto Cristo, Laguna permanente-II [permanent pool-II], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°33'33.1"N, 76°28'44"W</named-content>, 44 m a.s.l., 06.iii.2004, leg. L. Chávez, 00053. <bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: 4 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Laguna Juraguá, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">19°56'30.8"N, 75°40'21.3"W</named-content>, 22 m a.s.l, 17.ix.2003, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00044; 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E); 3 exs. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Palma Soriano, Monte Barranca, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°20'13.5"N, 76°1'11.6"W</named-content>, 203 m a.s.l., 05.xii.2007, leg. A. Deler-Hernández, 00054; 1 ex. (dry-mounted) (NMPC): Palma Soriano <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°06'05"N, 75°58'44"W</named-content>, 130 m a.s.l. 01.v.2005, leg. K. Blanco; 2 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): La Maya, Los Reinaldos, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°11'12"N, 75°31'43"W</named-content>, 100 m a.s.l., 17.iii.2006, leg. Y. S. Megna, 00088. <bold>Guantánamo:</bold> 1 ex. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): Imías,Yacabo Abajo, Laguna temporal [temporal pool], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°03'33.1"N, 74°42'29.9"W</named-content>, 6 m a.s.l., 24.x.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and S. Muñiz, 00060; 3 exs. (in alcohol) (BSC-E): San Antonio del Sur, Macambo, río Macambo, remanso [backwater], <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates">20°03'26.9"N, 74°44'15.82"W</named-content>, 4 m a.s.l., 25.x.2008, leg. A. Deler-Hernández and S. Muñiz, 00059.</p><p><bold>Published Cuban records:</bold><bold>Santiago de Cuba</bold>: Laguna Juraguá (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>); Siboney (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>). <bold>Holguín</bold>: Gibara, La Aguada (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Spangler 1981</xref>).</p><fig id="F10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus undatus</named-content></italic> (Fabricius, 1792). <bold>a</bold> habitus in dorsal view <bold>b</bold> habitus in lateral view <bold>c</bold> mesoventral process in lateral view <bold>d–f</bold> aedeagus (<bold>d</bold> dorsal view <bold>e</bold> lateral view <bold>f</bold> ventral view) <bold>g</bold> apex of male elytron <bold>h</bold> apex of female elytron <bold>i</bold> abdominal ventrite 5.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g010"></graphic></fig><fig id="F11" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 11.</label><caption><p>Known distribution of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic> species in Cuba (includes our as well as historical records).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g011"></graphic></fig><fig id="F12" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 12.</label><caption><p>Localities of Cuban <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic><bold>a</bold> Deler-Hernández collecting <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> in a deep pool on side of a lowland river in Dos Caminos (June 2012) <bold>b</bold> locality of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> near Topes de Collantes (June 2010).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ZooKeys-273-073-g012"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Diagnosis"><title>Diagnosis.</title><p>Habitus as in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figs 10a, b</xref>. Body length 6.3–7.2 mm. Head metallic black; pronotum pale with a pair of closely arranged elongate longitudinal black spots mesally, pronotal punctuation darkened; elytra pale with darkened striae and interval punctuation, plus with larger elongate dark spots on posterior half of intervals 1-4 and at midlength of intervals 8-10. Elytral apices with subapical spine in male (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10g</xref>), <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>entire and rounded in female (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10h</xref>). Mesoventral process lowly laminar with large tooth directed posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10c</xref>). Abdominal ventrite 1 with median keel developed only between metacoxae. Emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular, with two broad and short medial teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10i</xref>). Aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figs 10d-f</xref>) with median lobe ca. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>as long as parameres, lateral margins of parameres subparallel except apically; median lobe narrow in dorsal view, slightly wider in lateral view.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Distribution"><title>Distribution.</title><p>USA (Texas), Mexico, Lesser Antilles (Hansen, 1999) and Cuba.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Habitat"><title>Habitat.</title><p>Cuban specimens were collected in permanent and temporary pools as well as from running waters with clear or turbid water, having or lacking aquatic vegetation.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Key to identification of Cuban Berosus"><title>Key to identification of Cuban <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus</named-content></italic></title><table-wrap content-type="key" orientation="portrait" id="d36e2997" position="anchor"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">First abdominal ventrite carinate along its entire length or large part of it. Small to medium sized species (3.0-4.6 mm). Pronotum testaceous, with unpaired median black spot (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1a</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9a</xref>) or without any dark spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2a</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">First abdominal ventrite carinate only basally. Medium sized to large species (4.1-7.2 mm). Pronotum pale or testaceous with a pair of median black spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3a</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4a</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6a</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7a</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10a</xref>), or pale without dark spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5a</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head black. Pronotum and elytra with dark spots. Dorsal surface coarsely punctate. Mesoventral process subquadrate. First abdominal ventrite with median carina throughout the length. Median lobe of the aedeagus without subapical dorsal series of setae</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head testaceous; pronotum and elytra without dark spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2a</xref>). Meso-ventral process triangular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2b-c</xref>). First abdominal ventrite with median carina reaching the midlength. Aedeagus with median lobe bearing two series of long setae setae subapically on dorsal surface (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2e</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus exiguus</named-content></italic> (Say)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dark pronotal spot large and trilobate, narrow anteriorly and very wide posteriorly (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9a</xref>). Subapical area of each elytron forming a bump (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9a-b</xref>). Apex of the median lobe beak-shaped in lateral view, basal projection of the median lobe long (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9e</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus trilobus</named-content></italic> Chevrolat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dark pronotal spot narrow, situated mesally, not widened posteriad (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1a</xref>). Subapical area of each elytron without a distinct bump (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1a-b</xref>). Apex of the median lobe rounded in lateral view, basal projection of the median lobe short (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1e</xref>).</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus chevrolati</named-content></italic> Zaitzev</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head metallic black to black. First abdominal ventrite without lateral depressions, emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 rectangular, without distinct sexual dismorphism. Parameres separated from each other. Elytral apex with or without subapical spine</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head testaceous (except mesally in some cases, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7a–b</xref>). First abdominal ventrite with lateral depressions; emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 deeply or shallowly circular, sexually dimorphic (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7f–g</xref>). Parameres joined mesally into a common dish-like structure (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8e–h</xref>). Elytral apex with subapical spine in both sexes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7c–d</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus quadridens</named-content></italic> Chevrolat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotal disc without spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5a</xref>) or with small submesal anterior spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6a</xref>), never with a pair of mesal elongate large dark spots throughout the pronotal length. Apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 without tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5g</xref>) or with a single medial tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6g</xref>). Median lobe longer that parameres</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotal disc with a pair of narrow elongate metallic central black spots. Apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 with two medial teeth. Median lobe shorter that parameres</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytral striae distinctly darkened, elytral disc without numerous darker spots (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5a–b</xref>). Apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 without median <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5g</xref>). Median lobe of the aedeagus very long, spatulate apically in dorsal view, sinuate in lateral view (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5d–f</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus metalliceps</named-content></italic> Sharp</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elytral series not darkened, each elytron with several darker spots on the disc (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6a-b</xref>). Apical emargination of abdominal ventrite 5 with a broad and short median tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6g</xref>). Median lobe of the aedeagus slender and apex, pointed in dorsal view, slightly arcuate in lateral view (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6d–f</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus peregrinus</named-content></italic> (Herbst)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body size less than 6.0 mm. Elytral apices entire (without subapical spines) in both sexes. Phallobase longer than a half of total length of the aedeagus</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body size more than 6.3 mm. Elytral apices sexually dimorphic, with subapical spine in males (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10g</xref>) and rounded in females (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10h</xref>). Phallobase shorter than a half of the total length of the aedeagus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figs 10d–f</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus undatus</named-content></italic> (Fabricius)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum without mesh-like microsculpture on interstices. Mesoventral process with very small tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4c</xref>). Posterolateral angles of metaventral process triangular. Aedeagus narrow, lateral margins of parameres subparallel, base of each paramere with a conspicuous tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figs 4d–f</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus interstitialis</named-content></italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pronotum with strong mesh-like microsculpture on interstices. Mesoventral process with larger tooth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3c</xref>). Posterolateral angles of metaventral process with rounded laminae. Parameres sinuate along lateral margins, base of parameres without conspicuous teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3d–f</xref>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berosus infuscatus</named-content></italic></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Supplementary Material</title><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment1" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment1.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment2" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">chevrolati</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment2.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment3" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">exiguus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment3.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment4" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">infuscatus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment4.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment5" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">interstitialis</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment5.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment6" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">metalliceps</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment6.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment7" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">peregrinus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment7.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment8" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">quadridens</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment8.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment9" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">trilobus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment9.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material id="zookeys.273.4591-treatment10" content-type="local-data"><caption><title>XML Treatment for
<named-content content-type="genus">Berosus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">undatus</named-content></title></caption><media xlink:href="zookeys.273.4591-treatment10.xml" mimetype="text" mime-subtype="xml"></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>We thank Yoandri S. Megna (Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba) for his help during the field collecting and sharing of some specimens for this study, Andrew Short (Kansas University, Lawrence, U.S.A.) for his help with identification of the specimens, providing the literature, valuable discussions and numerous corrections of this manuscript, and Bruno Clarkson Mattos (Universidade do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) for numerous corrections of the text and comments on the morphology of male genitalia. We are deeply grateful to the authorities and personnel of the Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) and the Empresa Nacional para la Protección de la Flora y la Fauna (ENPFF) for providing access to protected areas under their control. The work of M. Fikáček was partly supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2012 and DKRVO 2013/12, National Museum, 00023272), the visit of the first author to Prague was supported by the institutional resources of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic. Open access to this paper was supported by the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Open Access Support Project (EOASP).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
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