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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">World wide web resources on control of nosocomial infections</title><author><name sortKey="Siempos, Ilias I" sort="Siempos, Ilias I" uniqKey="Siempos I" first="Ilias I" last="Siempos">Ilias I. Siempos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fragoulis, Konstantinos N" sort="Fragoulis, Konstantinos N" uniqKey="Fragoulis K" first="Konstantinos N" last="Fragoulis">Konstantinos N. Fragoulis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falagas, Matthew E" sort="Falagas, Matthew E" uniqKey="Falagas M" first="Matthew E" last="Falagas">Matthew E. Falagas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington Street, 02111 Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17254319</idno><idno type="pmc">2151856</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2151856</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2151856</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/cc5116</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000231</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">World wide web resources on control of nosocomial infections</title><author><name sortKey="Siempos, Ilias I" sort="Siempos, Ilias I" uniqKey="Siempos I" first="Ilias I" last="Siempos">Ilias I. Siempos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fragoulis, Konstantinos N" sort="Fragoulis, Konstantinos N" uniqKey="Fragoulis K" first="Konstantinos N" last="Fragoulis">Konstantinos N. Fragoulis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falagas, Matthew E" sort="Falagas, Matthew E" uniqKey="Falagas M" first="Matthew E" last="Falagas">Matthew E. Falagas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington Street, 02111 Boston, Massachusetts, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Critical Care</title><idno type="ISSN">1364-8535</idno><idno type="eISSN">1466-609X</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Nosocomial infections are a major worldwide cause of death and disability, infection control programs are effective in limiting these infections, especially those acquired in the intensive care unit. The development of the world wide web has provided health care professionals with immediate access to continuously updated information in the field of infection control. We sought to identify websites that contain information on nosocomial infection control by using popular internet search engines, such as Google, Yahoo and AltaVista, and by reviewing relevant publications identified in the PubMed and Current Contents databases. Only those sites that were English language, open access, and developed by a government, academic institution, or national or international scientific association were eligible for inclusion. From a vast number of internet sites initially identified, we selected 49 that provide information on infection control for inclusion in our list of practical and relevant internet resources. Several sites provide general information on infection control practices, whereas others focus on one or a few specific infection(s). We provide health care professionals with a timely and succinct list of open access internet resources that contain information regarding the prevention and control of nosocomial infections in order to help in the dissemination of relevant information and so contribute to the limitation of such hazards.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Crit Care</journal-id><journal-title>Critical Care</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">1364-8535</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1466-609X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17254319</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2151856</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cc5116</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/cc5116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Commentary</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>World wide web resources on control of nosocomial infections</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Siempos</surname><given-names>Ilias I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fragoulis</surname><given-names>Konstantinos N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref></contrib><contrib id="A3" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Falagas</surname><given-names>Matthew E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>m.falagas@aibs.gr</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington Street, 02111 Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>1</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ccforum.com/content/11/1/101"></ext-link><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2007 BioMed Central Ltd</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder>BioMed Central Ltd</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>Nosocomial infections are a major worldwide cause of death and disability, infection control programs are effective in limiting these infections, especially those acquired in the intensive care unit. The development of the world wide web has provided health care professionals with immediate access to continuously updated information in the field of infection control. We sought to identify websites that contain information on nosocomial infection control by using popular internet search engines, such as Google, Yahoo and AltaVista, and by reviewing relevant publications identified in the PubMed and Current Contents databases. Only those sites that were English language, open access, and developed by a government, academic institution, or national or international scientific association were eligible for inclusion. From a vast number of internet sites initially identified, we selected 49 that provide information on infection control for inclusion in our list of practical and relevant internet resources. Several sites provide general information on infection control practices, whereas others focus on one or a few specific infection(s). We provide health care professionals with a timely and succinct list of open access internet resources that contain information regarding the prevention and control of nosocomial infections in order to help in the dissemination of relevant information and so contribute to the limitation of such hazards.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a major worldwide cause of death and disability, according to estimates reported by the World Health Organization [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Up to 15% of hospitalized patients suffer from infections associated with health care [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. In addition, in the EPIC (European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care) study [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>], Vincent and coworkers reported that the prevalence of NI in 1417 European intensive care units was 20.6% in 1992. Several studies focusing on the impact of NIs on health care revealed that they are responsible for increased in mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital and intensive care unit stays [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>].</p><p>NIs appear be an unavoidable toll that we must pay while we attempt to manage patients aggressively using the latest technologies, including invasive devices. However, at least a third of NIs are preventable through infection control programs, as suggested by the SENIC (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) study from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>]. Because there is ample evidence of the effectiveness of infection control programs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>], an understanding of such programs and of their incorporation into everyday clinical practice is mandatory.</p><p>The need for education and constant updating of infection control measures may now be achieved with the use of modern technology, including the internet and world wide web. However, navigation of the world wide web to gain valuable information from reliable sources is recognized not to be easy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>]. Thus, we endeavored to identify various electronic sources on matters of prevention and control of NIs, and to compile a list of major websites as a guide for interested health care professionals.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Method</title><p>Popular internet search engines, including Google, Yahoo and AltaVista, were used to identify websites that provide information regarding the control of NIs. Broad search terms such as 'infection control' were used to identify a large number of relevant websites. The first 100 hits on each search engine were further reviewed. A number of the identified sites provided links to other sites, which are also included in this review.</p><p>PubMed and Current Contents were also extensively searched by using the following search strategy: 'infection control' AND 'world wide web'.</p><p>To be included in our list, a website had to be developed by a government, academic institution, or a national or international health care professionals' association, as a guarantee of accuracy and overall validity of the information provided; personal sites or those maintained by commercial entities were excluded. In addition, we selected only those sites that were written in English (alternative language options, if present, were mentioned, but absence of information in English was considered an exclusion criterion for the purposes of this article) and that offer free access (specifically, no paid registration is required to gain access to the full content of the site; sites requiring free registration for access were not excluded).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A great many websites were initially identified using the specified search engines. In detail, the term 'infection control' yielded about 26,800,000 hits in Google, about 45,100,000 in Yahoo, and about 26,000,000 in Alta Vista. Of these we selected 44 websites; five additional sites, known to us, that were not captured through the initial internet search were added to the final list. Searches of the PubMed and Current Contents databases did not identify any additional websites.</p><p>In Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref> we present the websites we selected based on the selection criteria outlined above. In all, our list contains 49 websites that provide information on infection control. Twenty-one of these sites were developed by governments, 15 by academic institutions, and 13 by health care professionals' associations. It is noteworthy that some interesting websites on the issue of infection control are derived from nurses' associations. The majority of the retrieved sites provide general information on infection control practices, whereas others focus on one particular infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection or severe acute respiratory syndrome.</p><table-wrap position="float" id="T1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Open-access world wide web resources on control of nosocomial infections</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left">Website title (country)</td><td align="left">Web site address</td><td align="left">Title of web page presenting information</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">National Library of Medicine (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov"></ext-link></td><td align="left">MedlinePlus: Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Faculty of Medicine: University Catholic of Louvain (Belgium)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.uclouvain.be/md.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection control today magazine (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control programs</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.apic.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infectious disease centre. Practice guidance</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection Control Nurses Association (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.icna.co.uk/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Public downloads</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Yale-New Haven Medical Center (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.med.yale.edu"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Yale-New Haven hospital infection control manual</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Australian Government.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Department of Health and Ageing (Australia)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.gov.au"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control guidelines. Navigation page</td></tr><tr><td align="left">National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=home"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control in health care settings</td></tr><tr><td align="left">National Health Service (NHS) plus – Health at work (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nhsplus.nhs.uk/default.asp"></ext-link></td><td align="left">NHS stuff. Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Royal College of nursing (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.rcn.org.uk"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Good practice in infection prevention and control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">American Dental Association (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ada.org/index.asp"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Oral health topics. Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">World Health Organization</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/en/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Hospital hygiene and infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Public Health Agency of Canada (Canada)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.phac-asp.gc.ca/new_e.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidelines on infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">NSW Health (Australia)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control policy</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection Control Department (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://infectioncontrol.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control policy. Standard and transmission based precautions</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Victorian Government Health information (Australia)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.vic.gov.au/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidelines and regulations</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Health protection agency (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hpa.org.uk"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Centre for infections</td></tr><tr><td align="left">St. Joseph's Health Care, London (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sjhc.london.on.ca"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection prevention and control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">UK National Audit Office (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nao.org.uk"></ext-link></td><td align="left">The management and control of hospital acquired infection in acute NHS trusts in England</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Queensland Health (Australia)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.qld.gov.au"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">College of Nurses of Ontario (Canada)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cno.org"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection prevention and control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Scottish Government, Scottish Executive (Scotland)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Home"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control standards for adult care homes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">HIV Dent (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hivdent.org"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control and postexposure protocols</td></tr><tr><td align="left">National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nuigalway.ie"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection control services, University College, London hospitals (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolservices.co.uk/Default.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control philosophy</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Gastroenterological Society of Australia (Australia)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gesa.org.au/index.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control in endoscopy</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Health protection Scotland</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/index.aspx"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Strengthening and co-ordinating health protection in Scotland</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Imperial College of London (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Control of infection: how to avoid damaging yourself and your patient</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Harborview Medical Centre (HMC; USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.uwmedicine.org/Facilities/Harborview/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">HMC epidemiology/infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection control nurses of Connecticut (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolct.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control nurses of Connecticut</td></tr><tr><td align="left">King County Government, Seattle, Washington (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.metrokc.gov/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Communicable diseases, epidemiology and immunization</td></tr><tr><td align="left">The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unc.edu"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Resources on the internet on infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Infection Control Resource (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolresource.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control resource</td></tr><tr><td align="left">William Fleming high school, VA (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.roanoke.k12.va.us/schools/Fleming/lawson/jgpage/weblesn.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Principles of infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Oregon Government (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.oregon.gov/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Acute and communicable disease prevention</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Community and Hospital Infection Control Association (Canada)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.chica.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Links and resources</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">New York State (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ny.gov/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">The Body: The Complete HIV/AIDS Resource (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.thebody.com/index.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control in the correctional setting</td></tr><tr><td align="left">University of Virginia Health System (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control manual</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Vanderbilt Medical Center (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Department of Infection Control and Prevention</td></tr><tr><td align="left">British Columbian Centre for Disease Control (Canada)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://bccdc.org/divisionphp?item=11"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control guidelines</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Florida Department of Health (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.doh.state.fl.us"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Florida's health</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Institute of algorithmic medicine (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medal.org/visitor/login.aspx"></ext-link></td><td align="left">The medical algorithms project. Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">The Chinese University of Hong Kong (China)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://aic.cuhk.edu.hk/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (Europe)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cobatrice.org"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Patient safety and health systems management. Infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Johns Hopkins Medicine (USA)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/index.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Hospital epidemiology and infection control</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Medical-Journals.com (UK)</td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medical-journals.com/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control – a problem for patient safety</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left">Website direct address</td><td align="left">Comments</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectioncontrol.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Provides infection control guidelines</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.md.ucl.ac.be/didac/hosp/infco.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">A database of many articles with abstracts, published since 1 January 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/category.asp/sectionID/403"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Provides articles concerning infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.apic.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Guidelines&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=6&ContentID=519"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Provides infection control guidelines.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.icna.co.uk/publicdownloads/index.Asp"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Mainly for members of the association</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.med.yale.edu/ynhh/infection/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Good collection of preventive measures for infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/Publishing.nsf/content/icg-guidelines-index.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control guidelines for the prevention of transmission of infectious diseases in the health care setting</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=CG002"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Provides a set of measures to avoid infection that should be followed by anyone giving or receiving care at home or at a health centre</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/index.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidelines for keeping patients and health care workers in health care settings protected from infectious diseases</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nhsplus.nhs.uk/nhsstaff/infection.asp"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Limited information</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.rcn.org.uk/resources/mrsa/healthcarestaff/infectioncontrol/index.php"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidance for nursing stuff. Information on infection control and prevention</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ada.org/public/topics/infection_control_faq.asp#3"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Brief answers on dental health</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/148to158.pdf"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information on epidemiology and prevention of hospital infections</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.phac-asp.gc.ca/dpg_e_html#infection"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains guidelines on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/PD/2005/pdf/PD2005_247.pdf"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Policy directive of the Australian Department of Health. Contains guidelines on hospital infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://infectioncontrol.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/STD_Trans_Precautions_final.pdf"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains guidelines on hospital infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/regulations/index.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infectious disease regulation and guidelines</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/default.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Carries out a broad spectrum of work related to prevention of infectious diseases</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sjhc.london.on.ca/infectioncontrol/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains information on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/9900230.pdf"></ext-link></td><td align="left">General information on infection control and costs of hospital acquired infections</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.qld.gov.au/infectioncontrol/guidelines.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Queensland government infection control guidelines</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cno.org/docs/prac/41002_infection.pdf"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidelines for nurses</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/03/19927/42764#11"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Provides infection control standards for adult care homes</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hivdent.org/infctl/office.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Dental office issues</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nuigalway.ie/bac/control_of_infection.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">General information on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolservices.co.uk/intro1.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains information on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gesa.org.au/members_guidelines/endoscopy_inf/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Practice guidelines for endoscopic procedures</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/scieh.asp"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains infection control procedures</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/OCCHEALTH/formedicalstudents/controlofinfection/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Basic principles of infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://depts.washington.edu/ictrain/icmanual/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Infection control manual</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolct.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains useful information and helpful links on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.metrokc.gov/health/providers/epidemiology/index.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information for health care providers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unc.edu/depts/spice/resource.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains many links</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.infectioncontrolresource.org/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains articles on prevention strategies for infection control practitioners and professional nurses</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.roanoke.k12.va.us/schools/Fleming/lawson/jgpage/infect.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">An internet lesson to introduce health occupation students to infection control and prevention</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/lhd/infectcontrol.shtml#genl"></ext-link></td><td align="left">General disease control and antimicrobial resistance</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.chica.org/links_overview.html"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information on hand hygiene, bioterrorism and disasters. Needs subscription for further information</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/ic-closecontacts.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Only for SARS. Limited information</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/infection/infecontrol.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Guidelines on infection control</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.thebody.com/hepp/julaug04/infection_control.html?m59t"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information on HIV prevention</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/infection-control/"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains infection control procedures</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/root/vumc.php?site=infectioncontrol&doc=4616"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Isolation guidelines, infection control policies</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.bccdc.org/content.php?item=194"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains infection control guidelines and many links.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Disease ctrl/epi/icg/icg.pdf#search=%22%22infection%20control%22%20icu%20guidelines%22"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Main focus is on pandemic influenza and avian flu</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medal.org/visitor/www/inactive/ch26.aspx"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information on control of the majority of nosocomial infections. Requires registration</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/SARS%20infection%20control.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Focus on SARS</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://212.149.150.161:8080/coba/results.jsp?sea=1&id=4&subid=11&li=0&subsubid=11.2"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Contains practice guidelines on prevention of nosocomial infections</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic"></ext-link></td><td align="left">Information on infectious diseases and their prevention</td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medical-journals.com/r037.htm"></ext-link></td><td align="left">An article on nosocomial infections</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>We accessed each of the web addresses listed in Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref> both to confirm accessibility and to verify that they contain accurate information on matters of infection control. Other characteristics of these resources, such as extent of content, subspecialty focus, and inclusion of specific guidelines, are summarized in the right-most column of the table.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>We attempted to provide health care professionals with a timely and succinct list of world wide web resources that contain valuable information on the prevention and control of NIs. Because websites containing information that is both accurate and accessible are considered to be the best [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>], we aimed to include in our list only those websites with these features.</p><p>Our search was conducted to identify websites reporting on methods and techniques that are needed to prevent cross-contamination and to control potential sources of pathogens that could be transmitted from patient to patient or from health care professional to patient. Specifically, the listed websites include updated information on isolation, standard precautions (hand hygiene, wearing of gloves, mask and gowns, manipulation of sharp objects, and proper use of patient care equipment) and transmission-based precautions.</p><p>In addition to such measures, control of use of antimicrobial agents is a major component of hospital infection control, because antimicrobial abuse is known to enhance the development of resistant strains [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. It was beyond the scope of this work to identify websites providing recommendations on the control of antimicrobial use. However, a good knowledge of local epidemiologic patterns and resistance profiles of prevailing pathogens is crucial to selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, our research team recently reported on a collection of world wide web resources that include updated information on antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical isolates from patients from various parts of the world [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>].</p><p>One of the sites included in our list [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>], developed by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hospital Control Practice Advisory Committee, is worthy of particular mention because it features guidelines for the protection of health care professionals from infectious agents as well as management of postexposure care. The prevention strategies we found in this website include immunization for vaccine preventable diseases (tetanus, hepatitis B, and influenza) and isolation precautions to prevent exposure to infectious agents. Specific recommendations regarding management of health care workers who have suffered significant exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, <italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic>, and <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </italic>are also provided in this site.</p><p>We considered free access to be a prerequisite for websites to be included in our list, because the rationale of this work and of the world wide web in general is to provide information to all who are interested. In addition, need for free distribution of medical literature is widely supported, and open access journals are expected to enjoy greater increases in impact factor than are their subscription counterparts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]. However, given that appropriate educational resources are often costly, we acknowledge that the exclusion of websites requiring paid registration might have directed our list of websites toward lower quality resources.</p><p>Although we endeavored, through our gathering strategy, to review most websites that provide information on infection control, we also recognize that some sites that offer valuable information on this issue might have been omitted. In addition, there are other potentially relevant sites that we omitted because they did not fulfil the inclusion criteria. The selection criteria were primarily aimed at avoiding the creation of an extended and impractical list, which would be of limited use to a health care worker with time constraints.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>We provide the reader with an organized and practical list of available internet resources that contain free and accurate information on prevention and control of NIs. 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