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Data Sharing Reveals Complexity in the Westward Spread of Domestic Animals across Neolithic Turkey

Identifieur interne : 000222 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000221; suivant : 000223

Data Sharing Reveals Complexity in the Westward Spread of Domestic Animals across Neolithic Turkey

Auteurs : Benjamin S. Arbuckle [États-Unis] ; Sarah Whitcher Kansa [États-Unis] ; Eric Kansa [États-Unis] ; David Orton [Royaume-Uni] ; Canan Çak Rlar [Pays-Bas] ; Lionel Gourichon [France] ; Levent Atici [États-Unis] ; Alfred Galik [Autriche] ; Arkadiusz Marciniak [Pologne] ; Jacqui Mulville [Royaume-Uni] ; Hijlke Buitenhuis [Pays-Bas] ; Denise Carruthers [Royaume-Uni] ; Bea De Cupere [Belgique] ; Arzu Demirergi [États-Unis] ; Sheelagh Frame [Canada] ; Daniel Helmer [France] ; Louise Martin [Royaume-Uni] ; Joris Peters [Allemagne] ; Nadja Pöllath [Allemagne] ; Kamilla Pawłowska [Pologne] ; Nerissa Russell [États-Unis] ; Katheryn Twiss [États-Unis] ; Doris Würtenberger [Autriche]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4057358

Abstract

This study presents the results of a major data integration project bringing together primary archaeozoological data for over 200,000 faunal specimens excavated from seventeen sites in Turkey spanning the Epipaleolithic through Chalcolithic periods, c. 18,000-4,000 cal BC, in order to document the initial westward spread of domestic livestock across Neolithic central and western Turkey. From these shared datasets we demonstrate that the westward expansion of Neolithic subsistence technologies combined multiple routes and pulses but did not involve a set ‘package’ comprising all four livestock species including sheep, goat, cattle and pig. Instead, Neolithic animal economies in the study regions are shown to be more diverse than deduced previously using quantitatively more limited datasets. Moreover, during the transition to agro-pastoral economies interactions between domestic stock and local wild fauna continued. Through publication of datasets with Open Context (opencontext.org), this project emphasizes the benefits of data sharing and web-based dissemination of large primary data sets for exploring major questions in archaeology (Alternative Language Abstract S1).


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099845
PubMed: 24927173
PubMed Central: 4057358


Affiliations:


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PMC:4057358

Le document en format XML

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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Atici, Levent" sort="Atici, Levent" uniqKey="Atici L" first="Levent" last="Atici">Levent Atici</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff7">
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">Nevada</region>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galik, Alfred" sort="Galik, Alfred" uniqKey="Galik A" first="Alfred" last="Galik">Alfred Galik</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff8">
<addr-line>Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Marciniak, Arkadiusz" sort="Marciniak, Arkadiusz" uniqKey="Marciniak A" first="Arkadiusz" last="Marciniak">Arkadiusz Marciniak</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff9">
<addr-line>Institute for Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Poznań</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Mulville, Jacqui" sort="Mulville, Jacqui" uniqKey="Mulville J" first="Jacqui" last="Mulville">Jacqui Mulville</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff10">
<addr-line>School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Buitenhuis, Hijlke" sort="Buitenhuis, Hijlke" uniqKey="Buitenhuis H" first="Hijlke" last="Buitenhuis">Hijlke Buitenhuis</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff5">
<addr-line>University of Groningen, Institute of Archaeology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, Institute of Archaeology, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Carruthers, Denise" sort="Carruthers, Denise" uniqKey="Carruthers D" first="Denise" last="Carruthers">Denise Carruthers</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff11">
<addr-line>Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Cupere, Bea" sort="De Cupere, Bea" uniqKey="De Cupere B" first="Bea" last="De Cupere">Bea De Cupere</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff12">
<addr-line>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Demirergi, Arzu" sort="Demirergi, Arzu" uniqKey="Demirergi A" first="Arzu" last="Demirergi">Arzu Demirergi</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff13">
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Frame, Sheelagh" sort="Frame, Sheelagh" uniqKey="Frame S" first="Sheelagh" last="Frame">Sheelagh Frame</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff14">
<addr-line>Kingston, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kingston, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Helmer, Daniel" sort="Helmer, Daniel" uniqKey="Helmer D" first="Daniel" last="Helmer">Daniel Helmer</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff15">
<addr-line>Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Antenne de Jalès, Berrias-et-Casteljau, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Antenne de Jalès, Berrias-et-Casteljau</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Berrias-et-Casteljau</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Berrias-et-Casteljau</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, Louise" sort="Martin, Louise" uniqKey="Martin L" first="Louise" last="Martin">Louise Martin</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<addr-line>Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff16">
<addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Pollath, Nadja" sort="Pollath, Nadja" uniqKey="Pollath N" first="Nadja" last="Pöllath">Nadja Pöllath</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff16">
<addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
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<nlm:aff id="aff20">
<addr-line>Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Pawlowska, Kamilla" sort="Pawlowska, Kamilla" uniqKey="Pawlowska K" first="Kamilla" last="Pawłowska">Kamilla Pawłowska</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff17">
<addr-line>Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Poznań</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Russell, Nerissa" sort="Russell, Nerissa" uniqKey="Russell N" first="Nerissa" last="Russell">Nerissa Russell</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff18">
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Twiss, Katheryn" sort="Twiss, Katheryn" uniqKey="Twiss K" first="Katheryn" last="Twiss">Katheryn Twiss</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff13">
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wurtenberger, Doris" sort="Wurtenberger, Doris" uniqKey="Wurtenberger D" first="Doris" last="Würtenberger">Doris Würtenberger</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff19">
<addr-line>Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, Vienna University, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
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</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>This study presents the results of a major data integration project bringing together primary archaeozoological data for over 200,000 faunal specimens excavated from seventeen sites in Turkey spanning the Epipaleolithic through Chalcolithic periods, c. 18,000-4,000 cal BC, in order to document the initial westward spread of domestic livestock across Neolithic central and western Turkey. From these shared datasets we demonstrate that the westward expansion of Neolithic subsistence technologies combined multiple routes and pulses but did not involve a set ‘package’ comprising all four livestock species including sheep, goat, cattle and pig. Instead, Neolithic animal economies in the study regions are shown to be more diverse than deduced previously using quantitatively more limited datasets. Moreover, during the transition to agro-pastoral economies interactions between domestic stock and local wild fauna continued. Through publication of datasets with Open Context (opencontext.org), this project emphasizes the benefits of data sharing and web-based dissemination of large primary data sets for exploring major questions in archaeology (
<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pone.0099845.s015">Alternative Language Abstract S1</xref>
).</p>
</div>
</front>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
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<journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
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<publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
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<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24927173</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4057358</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-13679</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0099845</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2">
<subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Animal Management</subject>
<subject>Animal Products</subject>
<subject>Livestock</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Biogeography</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Anthropogeography</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Zoology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Mammalogy</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2">
<subject>Social Sciences</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Archaeology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Archaeobiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Data Sharing Reveals Complexity in the Westward Spread of Domestic Animals across Neolithic Turkey</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Complexity in the Spread of Domestic Animals across Neolithic Turkey</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arbuckle</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kansa</surname>
<given-names>Sarah Whitcher</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kansa</surname>
<given-names>Eric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Orton</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Çakırlar</surname>
<given-names>Canan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gourichon</surname>
<given-names>Lionel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Atici</surname>
<given-names>Levent</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galik</surname>
<given-names>Alfred</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marciniak</surname>
<given-names>Arkadiusz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mulville</surname>
<given-names>Jacqui</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Buitenhuis</surname>
<given-names>Hijlke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carruthers</surname>
<given-names>Denise</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Cupere</surname>
<given-names>Bea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Demirergi</surname>
<given-names>Arzu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frame</surname>
<given-names>Sheelagh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Helmer</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Louise</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>Joris</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pöllath</surname>
<given-names>Nadja</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pawłowska</surname>
<given-names>Kamilla</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>Nerissa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Twiss</surname>
<given-names>Katheryn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Würtenberger</surname>
<given-names>Doris</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Alexandria Archive Institute, Open Context, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>D-Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>University of Groningen, Institute of Archaeology, Groningen, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Cultures et Environnements Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen Âge, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Kingston, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Antenne de Jalès, Berrias-et-Casteljau, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Shennan</surname>
<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">
<addr-line>University College London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:
<email>bsarbu@email.unc.edu.</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>
<bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: BSA SWK EK. Performed the experiments: BSA SWK EK. Analyzed the data: BSA DO CÇ LG LA AG AM JM DH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BSA SWK DO CÇ LG LA AG AM HB DC BDC AD SF DH LM JP NP KP NR KT DW. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: BSA SWK EK DO CÇ LG AG AM JM BDC JP NR KT.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>13</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<elocation-id>e99845</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>28</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>17</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Arbuckle et al</copyright-holder>
<license>
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>This study presents the results of a major data integration project bringing together primary archaeozoological data for over 200,000 faunal specimens excavated from seventeen sites in Turkey spanning the Epipaleolithic through Chalcolithic periods, c. 18,000-4,000 cal BC, in order to document the initial westward spread of domestic livestock across Neolithic central and western Turkey. From these shared datasets we demonstrate that the westward expansion of Neolithic subsistence technologies combined multiple routes and pulses but did not involve a set ‘package’ comprising all four livestock species including sheep, goat, cattle and pig. Instead, Neolithic animal economies in the study regions are shown to be more diverse than deduced previously using quantitatively more limited datasets. Moreover, during the transition to agro-pastoral economies interactions between domestic stock and local wild fauna continued. Through publication of datasets with Open Context (opencontext.org), this project emphasizes the benefits of data sharing and web-based dissemination of large primary data sets for exploring major questions in archaeology (
<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="pone.0099845.s015">Alternative Language Abstract S1</xref>
).</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement>This project was supported by the Alexandria Archive Institute through a 2012 Computable Data Challenge grant from the Encyclopedia of Life (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://eol.org/info/323">http://eol.org/info/323</ext-link>
) (to SWK, EK, BSA), with additional funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.neh.gov/">http://www.neh.gov/</ext-link>
)(award #HK-50037-12)(EK, SWK) and Baylor University (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.baylor.edu/">http://www.baylor.edu/</ext-link>
)(BSA). Financial support for the archaeological and zooarchaeological work described in this project was provided by the Institute of Aegean Prehistory (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.aegeanprehistory.net/">http://www.aegeanprehistory.net/</ext-link>
)(CÇ), Belgian Science Policy (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.belspo.be/belspo/index_en.stm">http://www.belspo.be/belspo/index_en.stm</ext-link>
)(IUAP VII/09)(BDC), the American Research Institute in Turkey (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ARIT/index.html">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ARIT/index.html</ext-link>
)(BSA), National Geographic Society (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/">http://www.nationalgeographic.com/</ext-link>
)(BSA), National Science Foundation (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nsf.gov/">http://www.nsf.gov/</ext-link>
)(BCS-0530699 [BSA]; BCS-0647131[KT]), European Research Council (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://erc.europa.eu/">http://erc.europa.eu/</ext-link>
)(ERC-263339)(AG), Austrian Science Fund (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.fwf.ac.at/en/">http://www.fwf.ac.at/en/</ext-link>
)(FWF P19859-G02 and Y 528-G19)(AG), German Research Foundation (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.dfg.de/en/">http://www.dfg.de/en/</ext-link>
)(DFG 424/9-1,2 and 424/10,1-2)(JP, NP), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://amu.edu.pl/">http://amu.edu.pl/</ext-link>
)(AM), University of Gdánsk (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ug.edu.pl/">http://ug.edu.pl/</ext-link>
)(AM), and the Polish National Science Foundation (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.fnp.org.pl/en/">http://www.fnp.org.pl/en/</ext-link>
)(AM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<page-count count="11"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta id="data-availability">
<meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Datasets used in this study have been deposited at opencontext.org and can be found at the following DOIs:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7B8562H">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7B8562H</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M74Q7RW8">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M74Q7RW8</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7X34VD1">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7X34VD1</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7SB43PP">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7SB43PP</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M70Z715B">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M70Z715B</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7KS6PHV">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7KS6PHV</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7D798BQ">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7D798BQ</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7CC0XMT">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7CC0XMT</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M73X84KX">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M73X84KX</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7S46PVN">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7S46PVN</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M78G8HM0">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M78G8HM0</ext-link>
.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes>
<title>Data Availability</title>
<p>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Datasets used in this study have been deposited at opencontext.org and can be found at the following DOIs:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7B8562H">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7B8562H</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M74Q7RW8">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M74Q7RW8</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7X34VD1">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7X34VD1</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7SB43PP">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7SB43PP</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M70Z715B">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M70Z715B</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7KS6PHV">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7KS6PHV</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7D798BQ">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7D798BQ</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7CC0XMT">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7CC0XMT</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M73X84KX">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M73X84KX</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7S46PVN">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7S46PVN</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M76H4FB</ext-link>
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M78G8HM0">http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M78G8HM0</ext-link>
.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Autriche</li>
<li>Belgique</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Pologne</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Caroline du Nord</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Groningue (province)</li>
<li>Nevada</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
<li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Bruxelles</li>
<li>Chapel Hill (Caroline du Nord)</li>
<li>Groningue</li>
<li>Ithaca (New York)</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Nice</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>University College de Londres</li>
<li>Université Cornell</li>
<li>Université Nice Sophia Antipolis</li>
<li>Université de Caroline du Nord à Chapel Hill</li>
<li>Université de Groningue</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Caroline du Nord">
<name sortKey="Arbuckle, Benjamin S" sort="Arbuckle, Benjamin S" uniqKey="Arbuckle B" first="Benjamin S." last="Arbuckle">Benjamin S. Arbuckle</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Atici, Levent" sort="Atici, Levent" uniqKey="Atici L" first="Levent" last="Atici">Levent Atici</name>
<name sortKey="Demirergi, Arzu" sort="Demirergi, Arzu" uniqKey="Demirergi A" first="Arzu" last="Demirergi">Arzu Demirergi</name>
<name sortKey="Kansa, Eric" sort="Kansa, Eric" uniqKey="Kansa E" first="Eric" last="Kansa">Eric Kansa</name>
<name sortKey="Kansa, Eric" sort="Kansa, Eric" uniqKey="Kansa E" first="Eric" last="Kansa">Eric Kansa</name>
<name sortKey="Kansa, Sarah Whitcher" sort="Kansa, Sarah Whitcher" uniqKey="Kansa S" first="Sarah Whitcher" last="Kansa">Sarah Whitcher Kansa</name>
<name sortKey="Russell, Nerissa" sort="Russell, Nerissa" uniqKey="Russell N" first="Nerissa" last="Russell">Nerissa Russell</name>
<name sortKey="Twiss, Katheryn" sort="Twiss, Katheryn" uniqKey="Twiss K" first="Katheryn" last="Twiss">Katheryn Twiss</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Orton, David" sort="Orton, David" uniqKey="Orton D" first="David" last="Orton">David Orton</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Carruthers, Denise" sort="Carruthers, Denise" uniqKey="Carruthers D" first="Denise" last="Carruthers">Denise Carruthers</name>
<name sortKey="Martin, Louise" sort="Martin, Louise" uniqKey="Martin L" first="Louise" last="Martin">Louise Martin</name>
<name sortKey="Mulville, Jacqui" sort="Mulville, Jacqui" uniqKey="Mulville J" first="Jacqui" last="Mulville">Jacqui Mulville</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas">
<region name="Groningue (province)">
<name sortKey="Cak Rlar, Canan" sort="Cak Rlar, Canan" uniqKey="Cak Rlar C" first="Canan" last="Çak Rlar">Canan Çak Rlar</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Buitenhuis, Hijlke" sort="Buitenhuis, Hijlke" uniqKey="Buitenhuis H" first="Hijlke" last="Buitenhuis">Hijlke Buitenhuis</name>
</country>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gourichon, Lionel" sort="Gourichon, Lionel" uniqKey="Gourichon L" first="Lionel" last="Gourichon">Lionel Gourichon</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Helmer, Daniel" sort="Helmer, Daniel" uniqKey="Helmer D" first="Daniel" last="Helmer">Daniel Helmer</name>
</country>
<country name="Autriche">
<region name="Vienne (Autriche)">
<name sortKey="Galik, Alfred" sort="Galik, Alfred" uniqKey="Galik A" first="Alfred" last="Galik">Alfred Galik</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Wurtenberger, Doris" sort="Wurtenberger, Doris" uniqKey="Wurtenberger D" first="Doris" last="Würtenberger">Doris Würtenberger</name>
</country>
<country name="Pologne">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Marciniak, Arkadiusz" sort="Marciniak, Arkadiusz" uniqKey="Marciniak A" first="Arkadiusz" last="Marciniak">Arkadiusz Marciniak</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Pawlowska, Kamilla" sort="Pawlowska, Kamilla" uniqKey="Pawlowska K" first="Kamilla" last="Pawłowska">Kamilla Pawłowska</name>
</country>
<country name="Belgique">
<region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale">
<name sortKey="De Cupere, Bea" sort="De Cupere, Bea" uniqKey="De Cupere B" first="Bea" last="De Cupere">Bea De Cupere</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Canada">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Frame, Sheelagh" sort="Frame, Sheelagh" uniqKey="Frame S" first="Sheelagh" last="Frame">Sheelagh Frame</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<region name="Bavière">
<name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Pollath, Nadja" sort="Pollath, Nadja" uniqKey="Pollath N" first="Nadja" last="Pöllath">Nadja Pöllath</name>
<name sortKey="Pollath, Nadja" sort="Pollath, Nadja" uniqKey="Pollath N" first="Nadja" last="Pöllath">Nadja Pöllath</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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