The use of agrobiodiversity for plant improvement and the intellectual property paradigm: institutional fit and legal tools for mass selection, conventional and molecular plant breeding
Identifieur interne : 000208 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000207; suivant : 000209The use of agrobiodiversity for plant improvement and the intellectual property paradigm: institutional fit and legal tools for mass selection, conventional and molecular plant breeding
Auteurs : Fulya Batur [Belgique] ; Tom Dedeurwaerdere [Belgique]Source :
- Life Sciences, Society and Policy [ 2195-7819 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Focused on the impact of stringent intellectual property mechanisms over the uses of plant agricultural biodiversity in crop improvement, the article delves into a systematic analysis of the relationship between institutional paradigms and their technological contexts of application, identified as mass selection, controlled hybridisation, molecular breeding tools and transgenics. While the strong property paradigm has proven effective in the context of major leaps forward in genetic engineering, it faces a systematic breakdown when extended to mass selection, where innovation often displays a collective nature. However, it also creates partial blockages in those innovation schemes rested between on-farm observation and genetic modification, i.e. conventional plant breeding and upstream molecular biology research tools. Neither overly strong intellectual property rights, nor the absence of well delineated protection have proven an optimal fit for these two intermediary socio-technological systems of cumulative incremental innovation. To address these challenges, the authors look at appropriate institutional alternatives which can create effective incentives for
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s40504-014-0014-7
PubMed: 26085450
PubMed Central: 4648853
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Focused on the impact of stringent intellectual property mechanisms over the uses of plant agricultural biodiversity in crop improvement, the article delves into a systematic analysis of the relationship between institutional paradigms and their technological contexts of application, identified as mass selection, controlled hybridisation, molecular breeding tools and transgenics. While the strong property paradigm has proven effective in the context of major leaps forward in genetic engineering, it faces a systematic breakdown when extended to mass selection, where innovation often displays a collective nature. However, it also creates partial blockages in those innovation schemes rested between on-farm observation and genetic modification, i.e. conventional plant breeding and upstream molecular biology research tools. Neither overly strong intellectual property rights, nor the absence of well delineated protection have proven an optimal fit for these two intermediary socio-technological systems of cumulative incremental innovation. To address these challenges, the authors look at appropriate institutional alternatives which can create effective incentives for <italic>in situ</italic>
agrobiodiversity conservation and the equitable distribution of technologies in plant improvement, using the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement, the liability rules set forth in patents or plant variety rights themselves (in the form of farmers’, breeders’ and research exceptions), and other <italic>ad hoc</italic>
reward regimes.</p>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li>
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<tree><country name="Belgique"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Batur, Fulya" sort="Batur, Fulya" uniqKey="Batur F" first="Fulya" last="Batur">Fulya Batur</name>
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<name sortKey="Dedeurwaerdere, Tom" sort="Dedeurwaerdere, Tom" uniqKey="Dedeurwaerdere T" first="Tom" last="Dedeurwaerdere">Tom Dedeurwaerdere</name>
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