Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Identifieur interne : 001855 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001854; suivant : 001856Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Auteurs : Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft ; Jean Pierre Baeyens ; Jrgen M. Bauer ; Yves Boirie ; Tommy Cederholm ; Francesco Landi ; Finbarr C. Martin ; Jean-Pierre Michel ; Yves Rolland ; Stphane M. Schneider ; Eva Topinkov ; Maurits Vandewoude ; Mauro ZamboniSource :
- Age and Ageing [ 0002-0729 ] ; 2010-07.
Abstract
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.
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DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq034
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ISTEX:89FE3BD846877F079845E5F1E46B5ABDB3DD19C2Le document en format XML
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Cruz-Jentoft</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Servicio de Geriatra, Hospital Universitario Ramn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baeyens, Jean Pierre" sort="Baeyens, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Baeyens J" first="Jean Pierre" last="Baeyens">Jean Pierre Baeyens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>AZ Damiaan Hospital, Oostende, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, Jrgen M" sort="Bauer, Jrgen M" uniqKey="Bauer J" first="Jrgen M." last="Bauer">Jrgen M. Bauer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nrnberg, Nürnberg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boirie, Yves" sort="Boirie, Yves" uniqKey="Boirie Y" first="Yves" last="Boirie">Yves Boirie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clermont Universit, UFR Mdecine, UMR 1019, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cederholm, Tommy" sort="Cederholm, Tommy" uniqKey="Cederholm T" first="Tommy" last="Cederholm">Tommy Cederholm</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institutionen fr Folkhlso- och Vrdvetenskap/Klinisk Nutrition och Metabolism, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landi, Francesco" sort="Landi, Francesco" uniqKey="Landi F" first="Francesco" last="Landi">Francesco Landi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Finbarr C" sort="Martin, Finbarr C" uniqKey="Martin F" first="Finbarr C." last="Martin">Finbarr C. 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Schneider</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gastroentrologie et Nutrition Clinique, CHU de Nice, Universit de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topinkov, Eva" sort="Topinkov, Eva" uniqKey="Topinkov E" first="Eva" last="Topinkov">Eva Topinkov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geriatrick Klinika 1 Lkask Fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandewoude, Maurits" sort="Vandewoude, Maurits" uniqKey="Vandewoude M" first="Maurits" last="Vandewoude">Maurits Vandewoude</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamboni, Mauro" sort="Zamboni, Mauro" uniqKey="Zamboni M" first="Mauro" last="Zamboni">Mauro Zamboni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Age and Ageing</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Age Ageing</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-0729</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-2834</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-07">2010-07</date><biblScope unit="volume">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="412">412</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="423">423</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0002-0729</idno></series><idno type="istex">89FE3BD846877F079845E5F1E46B5ABDB3DD19C2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/ageing/afq034</idno><idno type="ArticleID">afq034</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0002-0729</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft</name><affiliations><json:string>Servicio de Geriatra, Hospital Universitario Ramn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean Pierre Baeyens</name><affiliations><json:string>AZ Damiaan Hospital, Oostende, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jrgen M. Bauer</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nrnberg, Nürnberg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yves Boirie</name><affiliations><json:string>Clermont Universit, UFR Mdecine, UMR 1019, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tommy Cederholm</name><affiliations><json:string>Institutionen fr Folkhlso- och Vrdvetenskap/Klinisk Nutrition och Metabolism, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Francesco Landi</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Finbarr C. Martin</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean-Pierre Michel</name><affiliations><json:string>Dpartement de Rhabilitation et Griatrie, Hpitaux Universitaires de Genve, Geneva, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yves Rolland</name><affiliations><json:string>Grontople de Toulouse, Hospital La Grave-Casselardit, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stphane M. Schneider</name><affiliations><json:string>Gastroentrologie et Nutrition Clinique, CHU de Nice, Universit de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Eva Topinkov</name><affiliations><json:string>Geriatrick Klinika 1 Lkask Fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Prague, Czech Republic</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maurits Vandewoude</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mauro Zamboni</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sarcopenia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>elderly</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>muscle strength</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>muscle mass</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>physical performance</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>afq034</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. 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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society.</p></availability><date>2010-04-13</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Endorsed by the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region (IAGG-ER) and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging (IANA).</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis</title><title level="a" type="sub">Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Alfonso J.</forename><surname>Cruz-Jentoft</surname></persName><affiliation>Servicio de Geriatra, Hospital Universitario Ramn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Jean Pierre</forename><surname>Baeyens</surname></persName><affiliation>AZ Damiaan Hospital, Oostende, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Jrgen M.</forename><surname>Bauer</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nrnberg, Nürnberg, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Yves</forename><surname>Boirie</surname></persName><affiliation>Clermont Universit, UFR Mdecine, UMR 1019, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Tommy</forename><surname>Cederholm</surname></persName><affiliation>Institutionen fr Folkhlso- och Vrdvetenskap/Klinisk Nutrition och Metabolism, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Francesco</forename><surname>Landi</surname></persName><affiliation>Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Finbarr C.</forename><surname>Martin</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">Jean-Pierre</forename><surname>Michel</surname></persName><affiliation>Dpartement de Rhabilitation et Griatrie, Hpitaux Universitaires de Genve, Geneva, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-9"><persName><forename type="first">Yves</forename><surname>Rolland</surname></persName><affiliation>Grontople de Toulouse, Hospital La Grave-Casselardit, Toulouse, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-10"><persName><forename type="first">Stphane M.</forename><surname>Schneider</surname></persName><affiliation>Gastroentrologie et Nutrition Clinique, CHU de Nice, Universit de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-11"><persName><forename type="first">Eva</forename><surname>Topinkov</surname></persName><affiliation>Geriatrick Klinika 1 Lkask Fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Prague, Czech Republic</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-12"><persName><forename type="first">Maurits</forename><surname>Vandewoude</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-13"><persName><forename type="first">Mauro</forename><surname>Zamboni</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Age and Ageing</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Age Ageing</title><idno type="pISSN">0002-0729</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-2834</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="412">412</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="423">423</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">89FE3BD846877F079845E5F1E46B5ABDB3DD19C2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/ageing/afq034</idno><idno type="ArticleID">afq034</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010-04-13</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>sarcopenia</term></item><item><term>elderly</term></item><item><term>muscle strength</term></item><item><term>muscle mass</term></item><item><term>physical performance</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-04-13">Created</change><change when="2010-07">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/89FE3BD846877F079845E5F1E46B5ABDB3DD19C2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ageing</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">ageing</journal-id><journal-title>Age and Ageing</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Age Ageing</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0002-0729</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-2834</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ageing/afq034</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">afq034</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis</article-title><subtitle>Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People</subtitle><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">Definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia</alt-title><alt-title>A. J. Cruz-Gentoft <italic>et al.</italic></alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">A.J. Cruz-Jentoft <italic>et al.</italic></alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cruz-Jentoft</surname><given-names>Alfonso J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baeyens</surname><given-names>Jean Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bauer</surname><given-names>Jürgen M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boirie</surname><given-names>Yves</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cederholm</surname><given-names>Tommy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Landi</surname><given-names>Francesco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>Finbarr C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Michel</surname><given-names>Jean-Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rolland</surname><given-names>Yves</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schneider</surname><given-names>Stéphane M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Topinková</surname><given-names>Eva</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandewoude</surname><given-names>Maurits</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamboni</surname><given-names>Mauro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af13">13</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Servicio de Geriatría</addr-line>, <institution>Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal</institution>, <addr-line>Madrid</addr-line>, <country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label><institution>AZ Damiaan Hospital</institution>, <addr-line>Oostende</addr-line>, <country>Belgium</country></aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Geriatric Medicine</addr-line>, <institution>University of Erlangen-Nürnberg</institution>, <addr-line>Nürnberg</addr-line>, <country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label><institution>Clermont Université</institution>, <addr-line>UFR Médecine, UMR 1019, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand</addr-line>, <country>France</country></aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Institutionen för Folkhälso- och Vårdvetenskap/Klinisk Nutrition och Metabolism</addr-line>, <institution>Uppsala Universitet</institution>, <addr-line>Uppsala</addr-line>, <country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria</addr-line>, <institution>Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</institution>, <addr-line>Roma</addr-line>, <country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="af7"><label>7</label><addr-line>Department of Ageing and Health</addr-line>, <institution>Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust</institution>, <addr-line>London</addr-line>, <country>UK</country></aff><aff id="af8"><label>8</label><addr-line>Département de Réhabilitation et Gériatrie</addr-line>, <institution>Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève</institution>, <addr-line>Geneva</addr-line>, <country>Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="af9"><label>9</label><addr-line>Gérontopôle de Toulouse</addr-line>, <institution>Hospital La Grave-Casselardit</institution>, <addr-line>Toulouse</addr-line>, <country>France</country></aff><aff id="af10"><label>10</label><addr-line>Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Clinique, CHU de Nice</addr-line>, <institution>Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis</institution>, <addr-line>Nice</addr-line>, <country>France</country></aff><aff id="af11"><label>11</label><addr-line>Geriatrická Klinika 1 Lékařská Fakulta</addr-line>, <institution>Univerzita Karlova v Praze</institution>, <addr-line>Prague</addr-line>, <country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="af12"><label>12</label><addr-line>Department of Geriatrics</addr-line>, <institution>University of Antwerp</institution>, <addr-line>Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp</addr-line>, <country>Belgium</country></aff><aff id="af13"><label>13</label><addr-line>Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics</addr-line>, <institution>University of Verona</institution>, <addr-line>Verona</addr-line>, <country>Italy</country></aff><author-notes><corresp>Address correspondence to: Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain. Tel: +34 913368172.
Email: <email>acruz.hrc@salud.madrid.org</email></corresp><fn id="fn1"><p>Endorsed by the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics—European Region (IAGG-ER) and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging (IANA).</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>4</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>412</fpage><lpage>423</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Oxford University Press</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/"><p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics—European Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document.</p><p>The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity?</p><p>For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as ‘presarcopenia’, ‘sarcopenia’ and ‘severe sarcopenia’<italic>.</italic> EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research.</p><p>Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>muscle strength</kwd><kwd>muscle mass</kwd><kwd>physical performance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis</title><subTitle>Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis</title><subTitle>Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alfonso J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cruz-Jentoft</namePart><affiliation>Servicio de Geriatra, Hospital Universitario Ramn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Baeyens</namePart><affiliation>AZ Damiaan Hospital, Oostende, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jrgen M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bauer</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nrnberg, Nürnberg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Boirie</namePart><affiliation>Clermont Universit, UFR Mdecine, UMR 1019, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tommy</namePart><namePart type="family">Cederholm</namePart><affiliation>Institutionen fr Folkhlso- och Vrdvetenskap/Klinisk Nutrition och Metabolism, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesco</namePart><namePart type="family">Landi</namePart><affiliation>Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Finbarr C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martin</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Michel</namePart><affiliation>Dpartement de Rhabilitation et Griatrie, Hpitaux Universitaires de Genve, Geneva, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yves</namePart><namePart type="family">Rolland</namePart><affiliation>Grontople de Toulouse, Hospital La Grave-Casselardit, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stphane M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schneider</namePart><affiliation>Gastroentrologie et Nutrition Clinique, CHU de Nice, Universit de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eva</namePart><namePart type="family">Topinkov</namePart><affiliation>Geriatrick Klinika 1 Lkask Fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Prague, Czech Republic</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maurits</namePart><namePart type="family">Vandewoude</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mauro</namePart><namePart type="family">Zamboni</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-07</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2010-04-13</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.</abstract><note type="footnotes">Endorsed by the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), the International Association of Gerontology and GeriatricsEuropean Region (IAGG-ER) and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging (IANA).</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>sarcopenia</topic><topic>elderly</topic><topic>muscle strength</topic><topic>muscle mass</topic><topic>physical performance</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Age and Ageing</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Age Ageing</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0002-0729</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-2834</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ageing</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">ageing</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>412</start><end>423</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">89FE3BD846877F079845E5F1E46B5ABDB3DD19C2</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/ageing/afq034</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">afq034</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">The Author 2010. 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