Regulation of cell cycle activity in the embryo of barley seeds during germination as related to grain hydration
Identifieur interne : 001483 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001482; suivant : 001484Regulation of cell cycle activity in the embryo of barley seeds during germination as related to grain hydration
Auteurs : Emmanuel Gendreau ; Sbastien Romaniello ; Sophie Barad ; Juliette Leymarie ; Roberto Benech-Arnold ; Franoise CorbineauSource :
- Journal of Experimental Botany [ 0022-0957 ] ; 2008-02-10.
Abstract
Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKD1) and cyclins (CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30C and after 48h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G2 phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7ng g1 dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place 46h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207273ng g1 DW) even after 48h at 0.410.51g H2O g1 FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, CDKA1 and CDKD1 mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of CDKB1, CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4 were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of CDKA1, CDKB1, CYCA3, and CYCB1. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDKA1 and CDKB1, and of CYCA3 and CYCB1, and in a reinforcement of that of CDKD1 and CYCD4. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. They will be discussed with regard to embryo ABA content and embryo sensitivity to ABA.
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DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm296
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San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corbineau, Franoise" sort="Corbineau, Franoise" uniqKey="Corbineau F" first="Franoise" last="Corbineau">Franoise Corbineau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: corbi@ccr.jussieu.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Botany</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-0957</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2008-02-10">2008-02-10</date><biblScope unit="volume">59</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="203">203</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="212">212</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-0957</idno></series><idno type="istex">A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/jxb/erm296</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-0957</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKD1) and cyclins (CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30C and after 48h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G2 phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7ng g1 dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place 46h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207273ng g1 DW) even after 48h at 0.410.51g H2O g1 FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, CDKA1 and CDKD1 mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of CDKB1, CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4 were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of CDKA1, CDKB1, CYCA3, and CYCB1. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDKA1 and CDKB1, and of CYCA3 and CYCB1, and in a reinforcement of that of CDKD1 and CYCD4. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. They will be discussed with regard to embryo ABA content and embryo sensitivity to ABA.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Emmanuel Gendreau</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sbastien Romaniello</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sophie Barad</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Juliette Leymarie</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roberto Benech-Arnold</name><affiliations><json:string>IFEVA-Catedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Franoise Corbineau</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</json:string><json:string>E-mail: corbi@ccr.jussieu.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Research Paper</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Abscisic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>barley</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cell cycle</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cyclin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cyclin-dependent kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>germination</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Hordeum vulgare L.</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>water content</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKD1) and cyclins (CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30C and after 48h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G2 phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7ng g1 dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place 46h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207273ng g1 DW) even after 48h at 0.410.51g H2O g1 FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, CDKA1 and CDKD1 mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of CDKB1, CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4 were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of CDKA1, CDKB1, CYCA3, and CYCB1. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDKA1 and CDKB1, and of CYCA3 and CYCB1, and in a reinforcement of that of CDKD1 and CYCD4. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. 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San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6" corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">Franoise</forename><surname>Corbineau</surname></persName><email>corbi@ccr.jussieu.fr</email><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Botany</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-0957</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2008-02-10"></date><biblScope unit="volume">59</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="203">203</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="212">212</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/jxb/erm296</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2008-02-10</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKD1) and cyclins (CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30C and after 48h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G2 phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7ng g1 dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place 46h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207273ng g1 DW) even after 48h at 0.410.51g H2O g1 FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, CDKA1 and CDKD1 mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of CDKB1, CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4 were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of CDKA1, CDKB1, CYCA3, and CYCB1. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDKA1 and CDKB1, and of CYCA3 and CYCB1, and in a reinforcement of that of CDKD1 and CYCD4. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. They will be discussed with regard to embryo ABA content and embryo sensitivity to ABA.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><item><term>Research Paper</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Abscisic acid</term></item><item><term>barley</term></item><item><term>cell cycle</term></item><item><term>cyclin</term></item><item><term>cyclin-dependent kinase</term></item><item><term>germination</term></item><item><term>Hordeum vulgare L.</term></item><item><term>water content</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-02-10">Created</change><change when="2008-02-10">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-10-14">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jexbot</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">exbotj</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Experimental Botany</journal-title><issn pub-type="epub">1460-2431</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-0957</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jxb/erm296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Research Paper</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Regulation of cell cycle activity in the embryo of barley seeds during germination as related to grain hydration</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gendreau</surname><given-names>Emmanuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romaniello</surname><given-names>Sébastien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barad</surname><given-names>Sophie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leymarie</surname><given-names>Juliette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benech-Arnold</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Corbineau</surname><given-names>Françoise</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Boîte 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>IFEVA-Catedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>corbi@ccr.jussieu.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>2</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>2</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>7</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>11</month><year>2007</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 The Author(s).</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p><p>This paper is available online free of all access charges (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html">http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html</ext-link> for further details)</p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub> phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (<italic>CDKA1</italic>, <italic>CDKB1</italic>, and <italic>CDKD1</italic>) and cyclins (<italic>CYCA3</italic>, <italic>CYCB1</italic>, and <italic>CYCD4</italic>), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30 °C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30 °C and after 48 h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G<sub>1</sub> phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G<sub>2</sub> phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5 h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place ∼4–6 h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207–273 ng g<sup>−1</sup> DW) even after 48 h at 0.41–0.51 g H<sub>2</sub>O g<sup>−1</sup> FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G<sub>2</sub> phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, <italic>CDKA1</italic> and <italic>CDKD1</italic> mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of <italic>CDKB1</italic>, <italic>CYCA3</italic>, <italic>CYCB1</italic>, and <italic>CYCD4</italic> were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of <italic>CDKA1</italic>, <italic>CDKB1</italic>, <italic>CYCA3</italic>, and <italic>CYCB1</italic>. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of <italic>CDKA1</italic> and <italic>CDKB1</italic>, and of <italic>CYCA3</italic> and <italic>CYCB1</italic>, and in a reinforcement of that of <italic>CDKD1</italic> and <italic>CYCD4</italic>. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. They will be discussed with regard to embryo ABA content and embryo sensitivity to ABA.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Abscisic acid</kwd><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>cell cycle</kwd><kwd>cyclin</kwd><kwd>cyclin-dependent kinase</kwd><kwd>germination</kwd><kwd><italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> L.</kwd><kwd>water content</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Regulation of cell cycle activity in the embryo of barley seeds during germination as related to grain hydration</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Regulation of cell cycle activity in the embryo of barley seeds during germination as related to grain hydration</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Emmanuel</namePart><namePart type="family">Gendreau</namePart><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sbastien</namePart><namePart type="family">Romaniello</namePart><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sophie</namePart><namePart type="family">Barad</namePart><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Juliette</namePart><namePart type="family">Leymarie</namePart><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roberto</namePart><namePart type="family">Benech-Arnold</namePart><affiliation>IFEVA-Catedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Franoise</namePart><namePart type="family">Corbineau</namePart><affiliation>Universit Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, EA2388 Physiologie des semences, Site d'Ivry, Bote 152, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: corbi@ccr.jussieu.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><subject><topic>Research Paper</topic></subject><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008-02-10</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2008-02-10</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Various studies indicate that cell division is a post-germination phenomenon, with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, while others demonstrate that induction of the cell cycle occurs in osmo-conditioned seeds prior to radicle growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of the cell cycle during germination as related to grain hydration, using: (i) a flow cytometry technique to estimate the percentage of cell nuclei in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle; and (ii) reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in order to characterize the expression of the genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKD1) and cyclins (CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4), the main genes involved in the cell cycle and its regulation. Radicle tips of embryos were isolated from seeds placed for various times on water at 30C and from grains partially hydrated at moisture contents ranging from 11% to 51% fresh weight (FW), which prevent radicle elongation. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the embryos during seed germination at 30C and after 48h of partial hydration were also measured. In dry embryos, cells are mostly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (82%), the remaining cells being in the G2 phase, and the ABA content of the embryo was 432.7ng g1 dry weight (DW). Seed imbibition was associated with a sharp decrease in ABA content as early as 5h, while the cell cycle reactivation was a late process taking place 46h prior to radicle protrusion. Hydration of seeds resulted in a decrease in embryo ABA content, but it remained at a high level (207273ng g1 DW) even after 48h at 0.410.51g H2O g1 FW. The cell population of the radicle tips in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. 4C nuclei, increased from 9% up to 34% at a moisture content of 51% FW. In dry seeds, CDKA1 and CDKD1 mRNAs were present at low levels, but transcripts of CDKB1, CYCA3, CYCB1, and CYCD4 were not detected. Radicle protrusion was associated with a higher expression of CDKA1, CDKB1, CYCA3, and CYCB1. Blockage of germination of partially hydrated grains resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDKA1 and CDKB1, and of CYCA3 and CYCB1, and in a reinforcement of that of CDKD1 and CYCD4. Patterns of gene expression show differential sensitivity of the genes studied to hydration of the grain. They will be discussed with regard to embryo ABA content and embryo sensitivity to ABA.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Abscisic acid</topic><topic>barley</topic><topic>cell cycle</topic><topic>cyclin</topic><topic>cyclin-dependent kinase</topic><topic>germination</topic><topic>Hordeum vulgare L.</topic><topic>water content</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Experimental Botany</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-0957</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1460-2431</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">exbotj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jexbot</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>203</start><end>212</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/jxb/erm296</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>OUP</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><covers><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/tiff</mimetype><extension>tiff</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/covers/tiff</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>text/html</mimetype><extension>html</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/covers/html</uri></json:item></covers><annexes><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><extension>jpeg</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/gif</mimetype><extension>gif</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/annexes/gif</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/annexes/pdf</uri></json:item></annexes><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">PLANT SCIENCES</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI><json:item><type>refBibs</type><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A9E8ECD8C0C889DF88D689E738459F5EEF38E53F/enrichments/refBibs</uri></json:item></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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