Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda
Identifieur interne : 000408 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000407; suivant : 000409Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda
Auteurs : K. J. Gray ; N. French ; E. Lugada ; C. Watera ; C. F. GilksSource :
- Journal of Infection [ 0163-4453 ] ; 2000.
Abstract
Objectives: To describe three cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort. Methods: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures. Results: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). Rhodococcus equi was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of <300/ml. The rate of R. equi infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to R. equi disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1). Conclusions: Rhodococcus equi infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of R. equi disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. Rhodococcus equi infection is probably underdiagnosed in Africa due to a lack of microbiological facilities and its resemblance to common commensal organisms.
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DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2000.0730
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Watera</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilks, C F" sort="Gilks, C F" uniqKey="Gilks C" first="C. F." last="Gilks">C. F. Gilks</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1053/jinf.2000.0730</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000408</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title><author><name sortKey="Gray, K J" sort="Gray, K J" uniqKey="Gray K" first="K. J." last="Gray">K. J. Gray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="French, N" sort="French, N" uniqKey="French N" first="N." last="French">N. French</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lugada, E" sort="Lugada, E" uniqKey="Lugada E" first="E." last="Lugada">E. Lugada</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watera, C" sort="Watera, C" uniqKey="Watera C" first="C." last="Watera">C. Watera</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilks, C F" sort="Gilks, C F" uniqKey="Gilks C" first="C. F." last="Gilks">C. F. Gilks</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Infection</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YJINF</title><idno type="ISSN">0163-4453</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="227">227</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="231">231</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0163-4453</idno></series><idno type="istex">3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1053/jinf.2000.0730</idno><idno type="PII">S0163-4453(00)90730-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0163-4453</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objectives: To describe three cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort. Methods: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures. Results: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). Rhodococcus equi was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of <300/ml. The rate of R. equi infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to R. equi disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1). Conclusions: Rhodococcus equi infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of R. equi disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. Rhodococcus equi infection is probably underdiagnosed in Africa due to a lack of microbiological facilities and its resemblance to common commensal organisms.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>K.J. Gray</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. French</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Lugada</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Watera</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C.F. Gilks</name><affiliations><json:string>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Objectives: To describe three cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort. Methods: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures. Results: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). Rhodococcus equi was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of >300/ml. The rate of R. equi infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to R. equi disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1). Conclusions: Rhodococcus equi infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of R. equi disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. Rhodococcus equi infection is probably underdiagnosed in Africa due to a lack of microbiological facilities and its resemblance to common commensal organisms.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>5.818</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 793 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2051</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2818</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>18468</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>5</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>300</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title><pii><json:string>S0163-4453(00)90730-8</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>41</volume><pii><json:string>S0163-4453(00)X0013-8</json:string></pii><pages><last>231</last><first>227</first></pages><issn><json:string>0163-4453</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Journal of Infection</title><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1053/jinf.2000.0730</json:string></doi><id>3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A</id><score>0.30410296</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2000 The British Infection Society</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Section title: Regular Article</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">K.J.</forename><surname>Gray</surname></persName><affiliation>Please address all correspondence to: K. J. Gray, Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, U.K.</affiliation><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>French</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Lugada</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Watera</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">C.F.</forename><surname>Gilks</surname></persName><affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Infection</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YJINF</title><idno type="pISSN">0163-4453</idno><idno type="PII">S0163-4453(00)X0013-8</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="227">227</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="231">231</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1053/jinf.2000.0730</idno><idno type="PII">S0163-4453(00)90730-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives: To describe three cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort. Methods: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures. Results: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). Rhodococcus equi was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of <300/ml. The rate of R. equi infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to R. equi disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1). Conclusions: Rhodococcus equi infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of R. equi disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. Rhodococcus equi infection is probably underdiagnosed in Africa due to a lack of microbiological facilities and its resemblance to common commensal organisms.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>YJINF</jid><aid>90730</aid><ce:pii>S0163-4453(00)90730-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1053/jinf.2000.0730</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="society" year="2000">The British Infection Society</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Regular Article</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>K.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gray</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="A1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>f1</ce:sup><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>f1</ce:label><ce:note-para>Please address all correspondence to: K. J. Gray, Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, U.K.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>French</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="A1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="A2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lugada</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="A1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Watera</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="A1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.F.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gilks</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="A2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="A1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="A2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="29" month="9" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Objectives</ce:italic>: To describe three cases of <ce:italic>Rhodococcus equi</ce:italic> infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Methods</ce:italic>: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Results</ce:italic>: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). <ce:italic>Rhodococcus equi</ce:italic> was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of <300/ml. The rate of <ce:italic>R. equi</ce:italic> infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to <ce:italic>R. equi</ce:italic> disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1).</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para><ce:italic>Conclusions</ce:italic>: <ce:italic>Rhodococcus equi</ce:italic> infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of <ce:italic>R. equi</ce:italic> disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. <ce:italic>Rhodococcus equi</ce:italic> infection is probably underdiagnosed in Africa due to a lack of microbiological facilities and its resemblance to common commensal organisms.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gray</namePart><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation><description>Please address all correspondence to: K. J. Gray, Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, U.K.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">French</namePart><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lugada</namePart><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Watera</namePart><affiliation>MRC Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gilks</namePart><affiliation>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Objectives: To describe three cases of Rhodococcus equi infection in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults in Entebbe, Uganda and to compare this to the rates and presentation of tuberculosis in this cohort. Methods: Consecutive HIV-1 infected adults registering with a community HIV/AIDS clinic in Entebbe were enrolled in a cohort between October 1995 and June 1998 as part of an intervention trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Participants were routinely reviewed every 6 months and had open access to the clinic when unwell. Standard protocols were followed for investigation and management of illness. Microbiological investigations followed standard procedures. Results: 1372 (71% female) study participants were followed for 2141 person years of observation (pyo). Rhodococcus equi was isolated from three study participants from blood, a lymph node aspirate and stool. The individuals were undergoing investigation of acute pneumonia, acute cough with cervical lymphadenopathy and chronic fever with wasting, respectively. The clinical features of these cases are described. All had a CD4 T-cell count of <300/ml. The rate of R. equi infection in the cohort was 1.4/1000 pyo. There were 132 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort which were diagnosed either microbiologically or clinically. The rate of laboratory confirmed mycobacterial disease was 50.1/1000 pyo. The ratio of mycobacterial disease to R. equi disease was 36:1 (95% CI 11–113:1). Conclusions: Rhodococcus equi infection occurs in HIV-1 infected adults in Africa. The infection is clinically indistinguishable from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the cohort described here. Although the rate of R. equi disease is much less than that of tuberculosis, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous infection in cases which are smear negative. 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|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:3E49793C823DE071EE139C683698B015EFF0F22A
|texte= Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 Infection in Uganda
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |