Biodiversity into your hands - A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection’
Identifieur interne : 000171 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000170; suivant : 000172Biodiversity into your hands - A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection’
Auteurs : Michael Balke [Allemagne] ; Stefan Schmidt [Allemagne] ; Axel Hausmann [Allemagne] ; Emmanuel Fa Toussaint [Allemagne] ; Johannes Bergsten [Suède] ; Matthew Buffington [États-Unis] ; Christoph L. H User [Allemagne] ; Alexander Kroupa [Allemagne] ; Gregor Hagedorn [Allemagne] ; Alexander Riedel [Allemagne] ; Andrew Polaszek ; Rosichon Ubaidillah [Indonésie] ; Lars Krogmann [Allemagne] ; Andreas Zwick [Allemagne] ; Martin Fiká Ek [République tchèque] ; Ji Hájek [République tchèque] ; Mariano C. Michat [Argentine] ; Christopher Dietrich [États-Unis] ; John La Salle [Australie] ; Beth Mantle [Australie] ; Peter Kl Ng [Singapour] ; Donald Hobern [Danemark]Source :
- Frontiers in Zoology [ 1742-9994 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Many scientific disciplines rely on correct taxon delineations and identifications. So does a great part of the general public as well as decision makers. Researchers, students and enthusiastic amateurs often feel frustrated because information about species remains scattered, difficult to access, or difficult to decipher. Together, this affects almost anyone who wishes to identify species or verify identifications. Many remedies have been proposed, but we argue that the role of natural history collections remains insufficiently appreciated. We suggest using state-of-the-art mass imaging technology and to join forces to create a global natural history metacollection on the internet, providing access to the morphology of tens of millions of specimens and making them available for automated digital image analysis.
Robotic high-resolution imaging technology and fast (high performance) computer-based image stitching make it now feasible to digitize entire collection drawers typically used for arthropod collections, or trays or containers used for other objects. Resolutions of 500 megapixels and much higher are already utilized to capture the contents of 40x50 cm collection drawers, providing amazing detail of specimens. Flanked by metadata entry, this helps to create access to tens of thousands of specimens in days. By setting priorities and combining the holdings of the most comprehensive collections for certain taxa, drawer digitizing offers the unique opportunity to create a global, virtual metacollection.
The taxonomic and geographic coverage of such a collection could never be achieved by a single institution or individual. We argue that by joining forces, many new impulses will emerge for systematic biology, related fields and understanding of biodiversity in general.
Digitizing drawers containing unidentified, little-curated specimens is a contribution towards the beginning of a new era of online curation. It also will help taxonomists and curators to discover and process the millions of “gems” of undescribed species hidden in museum accessions.
Our proposal suggests creating virtual, high-resolution image resources that will, for the first time in history, provide access for expert scientists as well as students and the general public to the enormous wealth of the world’s natural history collections. We foresee that this will contribute to a better understanding, appreciation and increased use of biodiversity resources and the natural history collections serving this cause.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-55
PubMed: 24044698
PubMed Central: 3848749
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Danemark, Indonésie, République tchèque, Singapour, Suède, États-Unis
- Bade-Wurtemberg, Bavière, Berlin, District de Columbia, District de Haute-Bavière, District de Karlsruhe, District de Stuttgart, Hovedstaden, Illinois, Svealand
- Berlin, Copenhague, Karlsruhe, Munich, Stockholm, Stuttgart, Washington (district de Columbia)
- Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000107
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000107
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000079
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000172
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000172
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000172
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000174
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000171
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity into your hands - A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection’</title>
<author><name sortKey="Balke, Michael" sort="Balke, Michael" uniqKey="Balke M" first="Michael" last="Balke">Michael Balke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Stefan" sort="Schmidt, Stefan" uniqKey="Schmidt S" first="Stefan" last="Schmidt">Stefan Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hausmann, Axel" sort="Hausmann, Axel" uniqKey="Hausmann A" first="Axel" last="Hausmann">Axel Hausmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" sort="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" uniqKey="Toussaint E" first="Emmanuel Fa" last="Toussaint">Emmanuel Fa Toussaint</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergsten, Johannes" sort="Bergsten, Johannes" uniqKey="Bergsten J" first="Johannes" last="Bergsten">Johannes Bergsten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE 104 05, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buffington, Matthew" sort="Buffington, Matthew" uniqKey="Buffington M" first="Matthew" last="Buffington">Matthew Buffington</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I4">Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS, c/o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS, c/o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Washington (district de Columbia)</settlement>
<region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="H User, Christoph L" sort="H User, Christoph L" uniqKey="H User C" first="Christoph L" last="H User">Christoph L. H User</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroupa, Alexander" sort="Kroupa, Alexander" uniqKey="Kroupa A" first="Alexander" last="Kroupa">Alexander Kroupa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagedorn, Gregor" sort="Hagedorn, Gregor" uniqKey="Hagedorn G" first="Gregor" last="Hagedorn">Gregor Hagedorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riedel, Alexander" sort="Riedel, Alexander" uniqKey="Riedel A" first="Alexander" last="Riedel">Alexander Riedel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I6">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Karlsruhe</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polaszek, Andrew" sort="Polaszek, Andrew" uniqKey="Polaszek A" first="Andrew" last="Polaszek">Andrew Polaszek</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I7">Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD England</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">London SW7 5BD England</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" sort="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" uniqKey="Ubaidillah R" first="Rosichon" last="Ubaidillah">Rosichon Ubaidillah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">LIPI Division of Zoology (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>LIPI Division of Zoology (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Cibinong, West Java</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>West Java</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krogmann, Lars" sort="Krogmann, Lars" uniqKey="Krogmann L" first="Lars" last="Krogmann">Lars Krogmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I9">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region>
<settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zwick, Andreas" sort="Zwick, Andreas" uniqKey="Zwick A" first="Andreas" last="Zwick">Andreas Zwick</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I9">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region>
<settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fika Ek, Martin" sort="Fika Ek, Martin" uniqKey="Fika Ek M" first="Martin" last="Fiká Ek">Martin Fiká Ek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I10">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>148 00 Praha 4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajek, Ji" sort="Hajek, Ji" uniqKey="Hajek J" first="Ji" last="Hájek">Ji Hájek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I10">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>148 00 Praha 4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michat, Mariano C" sort="Michat, Mariano C" uniqKey="Michat M" first="Mariano C" last="Michat">Mariano C. Michat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I11">CONICET - Laboratorio de Entomologiá, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologá Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Guïraldes s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CONICET - Laboratorio de Entomologiá, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologá Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Guïraldes s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>C1428EHA Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dietrich, Christopher" sort="Dietrich, Christopher" uniqKey="Dietrich C" first="Christopher" last="Dietrich">Christopher Dietrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I12">Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61801, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61801</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="La Salle, John" sort="La Salle, John" uniqKey="La Salle J" first="John" last="La Salle">John La Salle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I13">Atlas of Living Australia, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Atlas of Living Australia, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2601</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mantle, Beth" sort="Mantle, Beth" uniqKey="Mantle B" first="Beth" last="Mantle">Beth Mantle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I14">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ACT 2601</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Peter Kl" sort="Ng, Peter Kl" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Peter Kl" last="Ng">Peter Kl Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I15">National University of Singapore and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National University of Singapore and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>117543 Singapore</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hobern, Donald" sort="Hobern, Donald" uniqKey="Hobern D" first="Donald" last="Hobern">Donald Hobern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I16">GBIF Secretariat, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GBIF Secretariat, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24044698</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3848749</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848749</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3848749</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/1742-9994-10-55</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000079</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000172</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000172</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000172</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000174</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000171</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000171</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Biodiversity into your hands - A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection’</title>
<author><name sortKey="Balke, Michael" sort="Balke, Michael" uniqKey="Balke M" first="Michael" last="Balke">Michael Balke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Stefan" sort="Schmidt, Stefan" uniqKey="Schmidt S" first="Stefan" last="Schmidt">Stefan Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hausmann, Axel" sort="Hausmann, Axel" uniqKey="Hausmann A" first="Axel" last="Hausmann">Axel Hausmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" sort="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" uniqKey="Toussaint E" first="Emmanuel Fa" last="Toussaint">Emmanuel Fa Toussaint</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I1">Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I2">GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergsten, Johannes" sort="Bergsten, Johannes" uniqKey="Bergsten J" first="Johannes" last="Bergsten">Johannes Bergsten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I3">Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE 104 05, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buffington, Matthew" sort="Buffington, Matthew" uniqKey="Buffington M" first="Matthew" last="Buffington">Matthew Buffington</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I4">Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS, c/o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS, c/o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Washington (district de Columbia)</settlement>
<region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="H User, Christoph L" sort="H User, Christoph L" uniqKey="H User C" first="Christoph L" last="H User">Christoph L. H User</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroupa, Alexander" sort="Kroupa, Alexander" uniqKey="Kroupa A" first="Alexander" last="Kroupa">Alexander Kroupa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagedorn, Gregor" sort="Hagedorn, Gregor" uniqKey="Hagedorn G" first="Gregor" last="Hagedorn">Gregor Hagedorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I5">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riedel, Alexander" sort="Riedel, Alexander" uniqKey="Riedel A" first="Alexander" last="Riedel">Alexander Riedel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I6">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Karlsruhe</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polaszek, Andrew" sort="Polaszek, Andrew" uniqKey="Polaszek A" first="Andrew" last="Polaszek">Andrew Polaszek</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I7">Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD England</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">London SW7 5BD England</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" sort="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" uniqKey="Ubaidillah R" first="Rosichon" last="Ubaidillah">Rosichon Ubaidillah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">LIPI Division of Zoology (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>LIPI Division of Zoology (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Cibinong, West Java</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>West Java</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krogmann, Lars" sort="Krogmann, Lars" uniqKey="Krogmann L" first="Lars" last="Krogmann">Lars Krogmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I9">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region>
<settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zwick, Andreas" sort="Zwick, Andreas" uniqKey="Zwick A" first="Andreas" last="Zwick">Andreas Zwick</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I9">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Stuttgart</region>
<settlement type="city">Stuttgart</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fika Ek, Martin" sort="Fika Ek, Martin" uniqKey="Fika Ek M" first="Martin" last="Fiká Ek">Martin Fiká Ek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I10">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>148 00 Praha 4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajek, Ji" sort="Hajek, Ji" uniqKey="Hajek J" first="Ji" last="Hájek">Ji Hájek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I10">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, 148 00 Praha 4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>148 00 Praha 4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michat, Mariano C" sort="Michat, Mariano C" uniqKey="Michat M" first="Mariano C" last="Michat">Mariano C. Michat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I11">CONICET - Laboratorio de Entomologiá, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologá Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Guïraldes s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CONICET - Laboratorio de Entomologiá, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologá Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Guïraldes s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>C1428EHA Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dietrich, Christopher" sort="Dietrich, Christopher" uniqKey="Dietrich C" first="Christopher" last="Dietrich">Christopher Dietrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I12">Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61801, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL 61801</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="La Salle, John" sort="La Salle, John" uniqKey="La Salle J" first="John" last="La Salle">John La Salle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I13">Atlas of Living Australia, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Atlas of Living Australia, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2601</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mantle, Beth" sort="Mantle, Beth" uniqKey="Mantle B" first="Beth" last="Mantle">Beth Mantle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I14">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ACT 2601</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Peter Kl" sort="Ng, Peter Kl" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Peter Kl" last="Ng">Peter Kl Ng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I15">National University of Singapore and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National University of Singapore and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>117543 Singapore</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hobern, Donald" sort="Hobern, Donald" uniqKey="Hobern D" first="Donald" last="Hobern">Donald Hobern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I16">GBIF Secretariat, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GBIF Secretariat, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Zoology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1742-9994</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Many scientific disciplines rely on correct taxon delineations and identifications. So does a great part of the general public as well as decision makers. Researchers, students and enthusiastic amateurs often feel frustrated because information about species remains scattered, difficult to access, or difficult to decipher. Together, this affects almost anyone who wishes to identify species or verify identifications. Many remedies have been proposed, but we argue that the role of natural history collections remains insufficiently appreciated. We suggest using state-of-the-art mass imaging technology and to join forces to create a global natural history metacollection on the internet, providing access to the morphology of tens of millions of specimens and making them available for automated digital image analysis.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Discussion</title>
<p>Robotic high-resolution imaging technology and fast (high performance) computer-based image stitching make it now feasible to digitize entire collection drawers typically used for arthropod collections, or trays or containers used for other objects. Resolutions of 500 megapixels and much higher are already utilized to capture the contents of 40x50 cm collection drawers, providing amazing detail of specimens. Flanked by metadata entry, this helps to create access to tens of thousands of specimens in days. By setting priorities and combining the holdings of the most comprehensive collections for certain taxa, drawer digitizing offers the unique opportunity to create a global, virtual metacollection.</p>
<p>The taxonomic and geographic coverage of such a collection could never be achieved by a single institution or individual. We argue that by joining forces, many new impulses will emerge for systematic biology, related fields and understanding of biodiversity in general.</p>
<p>Digitizing drawers containing unidentified, little-curated specimens is a contribution towards the beginning of a new era of online curation. It also will help taxonomists and curators to discover and process the millions of “gems” of undescribed species hidden in museum accessions.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Summary</title>
<p>Our proposal suggests creating virtual, high-resolution image resources that will, for the first time in history, provide access for expert scientists as well as students and the general public to the enormous wealth of the world’s natural history collections. We foresee that this will contribute to a better understanding, appreciation and increased use of biodiversity resources and the natural history collections serving this cause.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Godfray, Hcj" uniqKey="Godfray H">HCJ Godfray</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polaszek, A" uniqKey="Polaszek A">A Polaszek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agosti, D" uniqKey="Agosti D">D Agosti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso Zarazaga, M" uniqKey="Alonso Zarazaga M">M Alonso-Zarazaga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beccaloni, G" uniqKey="Beccaloni G">G Beccaloni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Place Bj Rn, P" uniqKey="De Place Bj Rn P">P de Place Bjørn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hebert, Pdn" uniqKey="Hebert P">PDN Hebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cywinska, A" uniqKey="Cywinska A">A Cywinska</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ball, Sl" uniqKey="Ball S">SL Ball</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dewaard, Jr" uniqKey="Dewaard J">JR deWaard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hendrich, L" uniqKey="Hendrich L">L Hendrich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balke, M" uniqKey="Balke M">M Balke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scheffers, Br" uniqKey="Scheffers B">BR Scheffers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joppa, Ln" uniqKey="Joppa L">LN Joppa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pimm, Sl" uniqKey="Pimm S">SL Pimm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laurance, Wf" uniqKey="Laurance W">WF Laurance</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Qd" uniqKey="Wheeler Q">QD Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knapp, S" uniqKey="Knapp S">S Knapp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevenson, Dw" uniqKey="Stevenson D">DW Stevenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevenson, J" uniqKey="Stevenson J">J Stevenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blum, Sd" uniqKey="Blum S">SD Blum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boom, Bm" uniqKey="Boom B">BM Boom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borisy, Gg" uniqKey="Borisy G">GG Borisy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barkworth, M" uniqKey="Barkworth M">M Barkworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murrell, Z" uniqKey="Murrell Z">Z Murrell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, V" uniqKey="Smith V">V Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blagoderov, V" uniqKey="Blagoderov V">V Blagoderov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Aa" uniqKey="Hoffmann A">AA Hoffmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woods, Re" uniqKey="Woods R">RE Woods</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, E" uniqKey="Collins E">E Collins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wallin, K" uniqKey="Wallin K">K Wallin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, A" uniqKey="White A">A White</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Ja" uniqKey="Mckenzie J">JA McKenzie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blagoderov, V" uniqKey="Blagoderov V">V Blagoderov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitching, I" uniqKey="Kitching I">I Kitching</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Livermore, L" uniqKey="Livermore L">L Livermore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, T" uniqKey="Simonsen T">T Simonsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, V" uniqKey="Smith V">V Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mantle, B" uniqKey="Mantle B">B Mantle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="La Salle, J" uniqKey="La Salle J">J La Salle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fisher, N" uniqKey="Fisher N">N Fisher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, S" uniqKey="Schmidt S">S Schmidt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balke, M" uniqKey="Balke M">M Balke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lafogler, S" uniqKey="Lafogler S">S Lafogler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, L" uniqKey="Johnson L">L Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mantle, B" uniqKey="Mantle B">B Mantle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gardner, J" uniqKey="Gardner J">J Gardner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Backwell, P" uniqKey="Backwell P">P Backwell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="La Salle, J" uniqKey="La Salle J">J La Salle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, Qd" uniqKey="Wheeler Q">QD Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jackway, P" uniqKey="Jackway P">P Jackway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winterton, Sl" uniqKey="Winterton S">SL Winterton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hobern, D" uniqKey="Hobern D">D Hobern</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovell, D" uniqKey="Lovell D">D Lovell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oever, J" uniqKey="Oever J">J Oever</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gofferje, M" uniqKey="Gofferje M">M Gofferjé</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ang, Y" uniqKey="Ang Y">Y Ang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Puniamoorthy, J" uniqKey="Puniamoorthy J">J Puniamoorthy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pont, Ac" uniqKey="Pont A">AC Pont</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartak, M" uniqKey="Bartak M">M Bartak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanckenhorn, Wu" uniqKey="Blanckenhorn W">WU Blanckenhorn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dietrich, C" uniqKey="Dietrich C">C Dietrich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hart, J" uniqKey="Hart J">J Hart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raila, D" uniqKey="Raila D">D Raila</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravaioli, U" uniqKey="Ravaioli U">U Ravaioli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobh, N" uniqKey="Sobh N">N Sobh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobh, O" uniqKey="Sobh O">O Sobh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, C" uniqKey="Taylor C">C Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, A" uniqKey="Hill A">A Hill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guralnick, R" uniqKey="Guralnick R">R Guralnick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, A" uniqKey="Smith A">A Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sallans, A" uniqKey="Sallans A">A Sallans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillespie, R" uniqKey="Gillespie R">R Gillespie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denslow, M" uniqKey="Denslow M">M Denslow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gross, J" uniqKey="Gross J">J Gross</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murrell, Z" uniqKey="Murrell Z">Z Murrell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conyers, T" uniqKey="Conyers T">T Conyers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oboyski, P" uniqKey="Oboyski P">P Oboyski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ball, J" uniqKey="Ball J">J Ball</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomer, A" uniqKey="Thomer A">A Thomer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prys Jones, R" uniqKey="Prys Jones R">R Prys-Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Torre, J" uniqKey="De La Torre J">J de la Torre</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kociolek, P" uniqKey="Kociolek P">P Kociolek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fortson, L" uniqKey="Fortson L">L Fortson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flemons, P" uniqKey="Flemons P">P Flemons</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berents, P" uniqKey="Berents P">P Berents</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arbuckle, T" uniqKey="Arbuckle T">T Arbuckle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schroder, S" uniqKey="Schroder S">S Schröder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinhage, V" uniqKey="Steinhage V">V Steinhage</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wittmann, D" uniqKey="Wittmann D">D Wittmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bertone, M" uniqKey="Bertone M">M Bertone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blinn, R" uniqKey="Blinn R">R Blinn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanfield, T" uniqKey="Stanfield T">T Stanfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dew, K" uniqKey="Dew K">K Dew</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seltmann, K" uniqKey="Seltmann K">K Seltmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deans, A" uniqKey="Deans A">A Deans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nelson, G" uniqKey="Nelson G">G Nelson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paul, D" uniqKey="Paul D">D Paul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riccardi, G" uniqKey="Riccardi G">G Riccardi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mast, Ar" uniqKey="Mast A">AR Mast</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blagoderov, V" uniqKey="Blagoderov V">V Blagoderov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, V" uniqKey="Smith V">V Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Argentine</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Indonésie</li>
<li>République tchèque</li>
<li>Singapour</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Berlin</li>
<li>District de Columbia</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>District de Stuttgart</li>
<li>Hovedstaden</li>
<li>Illinois</li>
<li>Svealand</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Berlin</li>
<li>Copenhague</li>
<li>Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Stockholm</li>
<li>Stuttgart</li>
<li>Washington (district de Columbia)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Polaszek, Andrew" sort="Polaszek, Andrew" uniqKey="Polaszek A" first="Andrew" last="Polaszek">Andrew Polaszek</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Balke, Michael" sort="Balke, Michael" uniqKey="Balke M" first="Michael" last="Balke">Michael Balke</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Balke, Michael" sort="Balke, Michael" uniqKey="Balke M" first="Michael" last="Balke">Michael Balke</name>
<name sortKey="H User, Christoph L" sort="H User, Christoph L" uniqKey="H User C" first="Christoph L" last="H User">Christoph L. H User</name>
<name sortKey="Hagedorn, Gregor" sort="Hagedorn, Gregor" uniqKey="Hagedorn G" first="Gregor" last="Hagedorn">Gregor Hagedorn</name>
<name sortKey="Hausmann, Axel" sort="Hausmann, Axel" uniqKey="Hausmann A" first="Axel" last="Hausmann">Axel Hausmann</name>
<name sortKey="Krogmann, Lars" sort="Krogmann, Lars" uniqKey="Krogmann L" first="Lars" last="Krogmann">Lars Krogmann</name>
<name sortKey="Kroupa, Alexander" sort="Kroupa, Alexander" uniqKey="Kroupa A" first="Alexander" last="Kroupa">Alexander Kroupa</name>
<name sortKey="Riedel, Alexander" sort="Riedel, Alexander" uniqKey="Riedel A" first="Alexander" last="Riedel">Alexander Riedel</name>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, Stefan" sort="Schmidt, Stefan" uniqKey="Schmidt S" first="Stefan" last="Schmidt">Stefan Schmidt</name>
<name sortKey="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" sort="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" uniqKey="Toussaint E" first="Emmanuel Fa" last="Toussaint">Emmanuel Fa Toussaint</name>
<name sortKey="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" sort="Toussaint, Emmanuel Fa" uniqKey="Toussaint E" first="Emmanuel Fa" last="Toussaint">Emmanuel Fa Toussaint</name>
<name sortKey="Zwick, Andreas" sort="Zwick, Andreas" uniqKey="Zwick A" first="Andreas" last="Zwick">Andreas Zwick</name>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Bergsten, Johannes" sort="Bergsten, Johannes" uniqKey="Bergsten J" first="Johannes" last="Bergsten">Johannes Bergsten</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="District de Columbia"><name sortKey="Buffington, Matthew" sort="Buffington, Matthew" uniqKey="Buffington M" first="Matthew" last="Buffington">Matthew Buffington</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Dietrich, Christopher" sort="Dietrich, Christopher" uniqKey="Dietrich C" first="Christopher" last="Dietrich">Christopher Dietrich</name>
</country>
<country name="Indonésie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" sort="Ubaidillah, Rosichon" uniqKey="Ubaidillah R" first="Rosichon" last="Ubaidillah">Rosichon Ubaidillah</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="République tchèque"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fika Ek, Martin" sort="Fika Ek, Martin" uniqKey="Fika Ek M" first="Martin" last="Fiká Ek">Martin Fiká Ek</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Hajek, Ji" sort="Hajek, Ji" uniqKey="Hajek J" first="Ji" last="Hájek">Ji Hájek</name>
</country>
<country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Michat, Mariano C" sort="Michat, Mariano C" uniqKey="Michat M" first="Mariano C" last="Michat">Mariano C. Michat</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="La Salle, John" sort="La Salle, John" uniqKey="La Salle J" first="John" last="La Salle">John La Salle</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Mantle, Beth" sort="Mantle, Beth" uniqKey="Mantle B" first="Beth" last="Mantle">Beth Mantle</name>
</country>
<country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ng, Peter Kl" sort="Ng, Peter Kl" uniqKey="Ng P" first="Peter Kl" last="Ng">Peter Kl Ng</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Danemark"><region name="Hovedstaden"><name sortKey="Hobern, Donald" sort="Hobern, Donald" uniqKey="Hobern D" first="Donald" last="Hobern">Donald Hobern</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/OcrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000171 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000171 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= OcrV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3848749 |texte= Biodiversity into your hands - A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection’ }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24044698" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OcrV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |