Automatic Web Page Annotation with Google Rich Snippets
Identifieur interne : 002D97 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002D96; suivant : 002D98Automatic Web Page Annotation with Google Rich Snippets
Auteurs : Walter Hop ; Stephan Lachner ; Flavius Frasincar ; Roberto De VirgilioSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Abstract: Web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. Consequently, searching and reusing information on the Web is a difficult task without human participation. Adding semantics (i.e meaning) to a Web page would help machines to understand Web contents and better support the Web search process. One of the latest developments in this field is Google’s Rich Snippets, a service for Web site owners to add semantics to their Web pages. In this paper we provide an approach to automatically annotate a Web page with Rich Snippets RDFa tags. Exploiting several heuristics and a named entity recognition technique, our method is capable of recognizing and annotating a subset of Rich Snippets’ vocabulary, i.e., all attributes of its Review concept, and the names of Person and Organization concepts. We implemented an on-line service and evaluated the accuracy of the approach on real E-commerce Web sites.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-16949-6_21
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:70B04F706C4028A34068DCBC9EC4803A88DF54B5Le document en format XML
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University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Lancaster</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgName>Carnegie Mellon University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Pittsburgh</City><State>PA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgName>University of Surrey</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Guildford</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgName>Cornell University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Ithaca</City><State>NY</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff5"><OrgName>ETH Zurich</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Zurich</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff6"><OrgName>Stanford University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Stanford</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff7"><OrgName>Weizmann Institute of Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Rehovot</City><Country>Israel</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff8"><OrgName>University of Bern</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Bern</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff9"><OrgName>Indian Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Madras</City><Country>India</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff10"><OrgName>University of Dortmund</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Dortmund</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff11"><OrgName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><State>MA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff12"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Los Angeles</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff13"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Berkeley</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff14"><OrgName>Rice University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Houston</City><State>TX</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff15"><OrgName>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><Book Language="En"><BookInfo BookProductType="Proceedings" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" MediaType="eBook" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" OutputMedium="All" TocLevels="0"><BookID>978-3-642-16949-6</BookID><BookTitle>On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2010</BookTitle><BookSubTitle>Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, IS, DOA and ODBASE, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 25-29, 2010, Proceedings, Part II</BookSubTitle><BookVolumeNumber>6427</BookVolumeNumber><BookSequenceNumber>6427</BookSequenceNumber><BookDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-16949-6</BookDOI><BookTitleID>215030</BookTitleID><BookPrintISBN>978-3-642-16948-9</BookPrintISBN><BookElectronicISBN>978-3-642-16949-6</BookElectronicISBN><BookChapterCount>36</BookChapterCount><BookCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></BookCopyright><BookSubjectGroup><BookSubject Code="I" Type="Primary">Computer Science</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I13022" Priority="1" Type="Secondary">Computer Communication Networks</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I14029" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Software Engineering</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I21017" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18040" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I16021" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I24067" Priority="6" Type="Secondary">Management of Computing and Information Systems</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup><BookContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID></BookContext></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Robert</GivenName><FamilyName>Meersman</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>meersman@vub.ac.be</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff17"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Tharam</GivenName><FamilyName>Dillon</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>t.dillon@curtin.edu.au</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff18"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Pilar</GivenName><FamilyName>Herrero</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>pherrero@fi.upm.es</Email></Contact></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff16"><OrgDivision>STAR Lab</OrgDivision><OrgName>Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Bldg G/10, Pleinlaan 2</Street><Postcode>1050</Postcode><City>Brussels</City><Country>Belgium</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff17"><OrgDivision>DEBII - CBS</OrgDivision><OrgName>Curtin University of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>De Laeter Way</Street><Postcode>6102</Postcode><City>Bentley</City><State>WA</State><Country>Australia</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff18"><OrgDivision>Facultad de Informática</OrgDivision><OrgName>Universidad Politécnica de Madrid</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Campus de Montegancedo S/N</Street><Postcode>28660</Postcode><City>Boadilla del Monte</City><State>Madrid</State><Country>Spain</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part9"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>9</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>9</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Annotations</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>4</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2010</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap21" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>21</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-16949-6_21</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>21</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Automatic Web Page Annotation with Google <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rich Snippets</Emphasis></ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>957</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>974</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>9</PartID><BookID>978-3-642-16949-6</BookID><BookTitle>On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2010</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Walter</GivenName><FamilyName>Hop</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>w.w.hop@student.eur.nl</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Stephan</GivenName><FamilyName>Lachner</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>s.lachner@student.eur.nl</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Flavius</GivenName><FamilyName>Frasincar</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>frasincar@ese.eur.nl</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Roberto</GivenName><Particle>De</Particle><FamilyName>Virgilio</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>devirgilio@dia.uniroma3.it</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff19"><OrgDivision>Erasmus School of Economics</OrgDivision><OrgName>Erasmus University Rotterdam</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postbox>PO Box 1738</Postbox><Postcode>NL-3000</Postcode><State>DR</State><City>Rotterdam</City><Country>The Netherlands</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff20"><OrgDivision>Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione</OrgDivision><OrgName>Universitá Roma Tre</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Rome</City><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. Consequently, searching and reusing information on the Web is a difficult task without human participation. Adding semantics (i.e meaning) to a Web page would help machines to understand Web contents and better support the Web search process. One of the latest developments in this field is Google’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rich Snippets</Emphasis>, a service for Web site owners to add semantics to their Web pages. In this paper we provide an approach to automatically annotate a Web page with Rich Snippets RDFa tags. Exploiting several heuristics and a named entity recognition technique, our method is capable of recognizing and annotating a subset of Rich Snippets’ vocabulary, i.e., all attributes of its <Emphasis Type="Italic">Review</Emphasis> concept, and the names of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Person</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Organization</Emphasis> concepts. We implemented an on-line service and evaluated the accuracy of the approach on real E-commerce Web sites.</Para></Abstract></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Automatic Web Page Annotation with Google Rich Snippets</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Automatic Web Page Annotation with Google Rich Snippets</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Walter</namePart><namePart type="family">Hop</namePart><affiliation>Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, NL-3000, Rotterdam, DR, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: w.w.hop@student.eur.nl</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stephan</namePart><namePart type="family">Lachner</namePart><affiliation>Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, NL-3000, Rotterdam, DR, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: s.lachner@student.eur.nl</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Flavius</namePart><namePart type="family">Frasincar</namePart><affiliation>Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, NL-3000, Rotterdam, DR, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: frasincar@ese.eur.nl</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roberto</namePart><namePart type="family">De Virgilio</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione, Universitá Roma Tre, Rome, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: devirgilio@dia.uniroma3.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference [eBooks]" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. Consequently, searching and reusing information on the Web is a difficult task without human participation. Adding semantics (i.e meaning) to a Web page would help machines to understand Web contents and better support the Web search process. One of the latest developments in this field is Google’s Rich Snippets, a service for Web site owners to add semantics to their Web pages. In this paper we provide an approach to automatically annotate a Web page with Rich Snippets RDFa tags. Exploiting several heuristics and a named entity recognition technique, our method is capable of recognizing and annotating a subset of Rich Snippets’ vocabulary, i.e., all attributes of its Review concept, and the names of Person and Organization concepts. We implemented an on-line service and evaluated the accuracy of the approach on real E-commerce Web sites.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2010</title><subTitle>Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, IS, DOA and ODBASE, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 25-29, 2010, Proceedings, Part II</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Meersman</namePart><affiliation>STAR Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Bldg G/10, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: meersman@vub.ac.be</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tharam</namePart><namePart type="family">Dillon</namePart><affiliation>DEBII - CBS, Curtin University of Technology, De Laeter Way, 6102, Bentley, WA, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: t.dillon@curtin.edu.au</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pilar</namePart><namePart type="family">Herrero</namePart><affiliation>Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo S/N, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: pherrero@fi.upm.es</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="Book Series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book Subject Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer Science</topic></subject><subject><genre>Book Subject Group</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I">Computer Science</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I13022">Computer Communication Networks</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I14029">Software Engineering</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I21017">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18040">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I16021">Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I24067">Management of Computing and Information Systems</topic></subject><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-642-16949-6</identifier><identifier type="ISBN">978-3-642-16948-9</identifier><identifier type="eISBN">978-3-642-16949-6</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="BookTitleID">215030</identifier><identifier type="BookID">978-3-642-16949-6</identifier><identifier type="BookChapterCount">36</identifier><identifier type="BookVolumeNumber">6427</identifier><identifier type="BookSequenceNumber">6427</identifier><identifier type="PartChapterCount">4</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail 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UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 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