Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington
Identifieur interne : 001B45 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B44; suivant : 001B46Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington
Auteurs : B. Smith ; A. Zielinski ; E. Taylor ; B. SawyerSource :
- Bulletin Volcanologique [ 0366-483x ] ; 1983-06-01.
Abstract
Abstract: Leaching of freshly erupted air-fall ash, unaffected by rain, from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington, shows that Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, SO 4 2− , and Cl− are the predominant chemical species released on first exposure of the ash to water. Extremely high correlation of Ca with SO4 and Na with Cl in water leachates suggests the presence of CaSO4 and NaCl salts on the ash. The amount of water soluble material on ash increases with distance from source and with the weight fraction of small (less than 63 micrometers) ash particles of high-surface area. This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO4, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles. The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO2, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. Glass dissolution by alkaline ground water is a mechanism for providing these three elements to sedimentary traps where they may coaccumulate as uraniferous silica or U-V minerals. Leaching characteristics of ash from Mount St. Helens are comparable to characteristics of ash of similar composition from volcanoes in Guatemala. Ashes from each locality show similar ions predominating for a given leachate and similar fractions of a particular element in the ash removed on contact with the leach solution.
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DOI: 10.1007/BF02597580
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Smith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 973, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zielinski, A" sort="Zielinski, A" uniqKey="Zielinski A" first="A." last="Zielinski">A. Zielinski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 424, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, E" sort="Taylor, E" uniqKey="Taylor E" first="E." last="Taylor">E. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Matl Stop 407, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, B" sort="Sawyer, B" uniqKey="Sawyer B" first="B." last="Sawyer">B. 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Extremely high correlation of Ca with SO4 and Na with Cl in water leachates suggests the presence of CaSO4 and NaCl salts on the ash. The amount of water soluble material on ash increases with distance from source and with the weight fraction of small (less than 63 micrometers) ash particles of high-surface area. This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO4, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles. The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO2, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. Glass dissolution by alkaline ground water is a mechanism for providing these three elements to sedimentary traps where they may coaccumulate as uraniferous silica or U-V minerals. Leaching characteristics of ash from Mount St. Helens are comparable to characteristics of ash of similar composition from volcanoes in Guatemala. Ashes from each locality show similar ions predominating for a given leachate and similar fractions of a particular element in the ash removed on contact with the leach solution.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D. B. Smith</name><affiliations><json:string>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 973, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. A. Zielinski</name><affiliations><json:string>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 424, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. E. Taylor</name><affiliations><json:string>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Matl Stop 407, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. B. 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This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO4, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles. The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO2, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. 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80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Zielinski</surname></persName><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 424, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Taylor</surname></persName><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Matl Stop 407, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Sawyer</surname></persName><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mail Stop 5090, Box 25086, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Bulletin Volcanologique</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Bull Volcanol</title><idno type="JournalID">445</idno><idno type="pISSN">0366-483x</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-0819</idno><idno type="IssueArticleCount">10</idno><idno 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Extremely high correlation of Ca with SO4 and Na with Cl in water leachates suggests the presence of CaSO4 and NaCl salts on the ash. The amount of water soluble material on ash increases with distance from source and with the weight fraction of small (less than 63 micrometers) ash particles of high-surface area. This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO4, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles. The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO2, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. Glass dissolution by alkaline ground water is a mechanism for providing these three elements to sedimentary traps where they may coaccumulate as uraniferous silica or U-V minerals. Leaching characteristics of ash from Mount St. Helens are comparable to characteristics of ash of similar composition from volcanoes in Guatemala. Ashes from each locality show similar ions predominating for a given leachate and similar fractions of a particular element in the ash removed on contact with the leach solution.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Geosciences</head><item><term>Geology</term></item><item><term>Geophysics/Geodesy</term></item><item><term>Mineralogy</term></item><item><term>Sedimentology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1983-05-15">Created</change><change when="1983-06-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-19">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E357D0D48FF6A1E15AB3EFFB404BBD7BD708110B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer-Verlag</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Berlin/Heidelberg</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>445</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0366-483x</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1432-0819</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Bulletin Volcanologique</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Bull Volcanol</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Geosciences</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Geology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Geophysics/Geodesy</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Mineralogy</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Sedimentology</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo TocLevels="0" VolumeType="Regular"><VolumeIDStart>46</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>46</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>4</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Regular"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>10</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><DateString>1983</DateString><Year>1983</Year><Month>6</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Intern. Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1983</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art2"><ArticleInfo ArticleType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0"><ArticleID>BF02597580</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF02597580</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>2</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington</ArticleTitle><ArticleFirstPage>103</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>124</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2007</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>30</Day></RegistrationDate><Received><Year>1983</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>15</Day></Received><Accepted><Year>1983</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>15</Day></Accepted></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Intern. Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1983</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>445</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>46</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>46</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>D.</GivenName><GivenName>B.</GivenName><FamilyName>Smith</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>R.</GivenName><GivenName>A.</GivenName><FamilyName>Zielinski</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>H.</GivenName><GivenName>E.</GivenName><FamilyName>Taylor</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff4"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>M.</GivenName><GivenName>B.</GivenName><FamilyName>Sawyer</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Denver Federal Center</OrgDivision><OrgName>U.S. Geological Survey</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Mail Stop 973</Street><Postbox>Box 25046</Postbox><Postcode>80225</Postcode><City>Denver</City><State>Colorado</State></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Denver Federal Center</OrgDivision><OrgName>U.S. Geological Survey</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Mail Stop 424</Street><Postbox>Box 25046</Postbox><Postcode>80225</Postcode><City>Denver</City><State>Colorado</State></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Denver Federal Center</OrgDivision><OrgName>U.S. Geological Survey</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Matl Stop 407</Street><Postbox>Box 25046</Postbox><Postcode>80225</Postcode><City>Denver</City><State>Colorado</State></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgDivision>Denver Federal Center</OrgDivision><OrgName>U.S. Bureau of Mines</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Mail Stop 5090</Street><Postbox>Box 25086</Postbox><Postcode>80225</Postcode><City>Denver</City><State>Colorado</State></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Leaching of freshly erupted air-fall ash, unaffected by rain, from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington, shows that Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, Na<Superscript>+</Superscript>, Mg<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, SO<Stack><Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>2−</Superscript></Stack>, and Cl<Superscript>−</Superscript> are the predominant chemical species released on first exposure of the ash to water. Extremely high correlation of Ca with SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> and Na with Cl in water leachates suggests the presence of CaSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> and NaCl salts on the ash. The amount of water soluble material on ash increases with distance from source and with the weight fraction of small (less than 63 micrometers) ash particles of high-surface area. This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO<Subscript>4</Subscript>, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles.</Para><Para>The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. Glass dissolution by alkaline ground water is a mechanism for providing these three elements to sedimentary traps where they may coaccumulate as uraniferous silica or U-V minerals.</Para><Para>Leaching characteristics of ash from Mount St. Helens are comparable to characteristics of ash of similar composition from volcanoes in Guatemala. Ashes from each locality show similar ions predominating for a given leachate and similar fractions of a particular element in the ash removed on contact with the leach solution.</Para></Abstract></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 973, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zielinski</namePart><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 424, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Taylor</namePart><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Matl Stop 407, Box 25046, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sawyer</namePart><affiliation>Denver Federal Center, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mail Stop 5090, Box 25086, 80225, Denver, Colorado</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1983-05-15</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1983-06-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1983</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Leaching of freshly erupted air-fall ash, unaffected by rain, from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington, shows that Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, SO 4 2− , and Cl− are the predominant chemical species released on first exposure of the ash to water. Extremely high correlation of Ca with SO4 and Na with Cl in water leachates suggests the presence of CaSO4 and NaCl salts on the ash. The amount of water soluble material on ash increases with distance from source and with the weight fraction of small (less than 63 micrometers) ash particles of high-surface area. This suggests that surface reactions such as adsorption are responsible for concentrating the soluble material. CaSO4, NaCl, and other salts are probably formed as microscopic crystals in the high-temperature core of the eruption column and are then adsorbed by silicate ash particles. The environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, F. Pb, and Ba are released by a water leach in concentrations which could pose short-term hazards to some forms of aquatic life. However, calculated concentrations are based on a water-to-ash ratio of 4:1 or less, which is probably an underestimation of the regionally operative ratio. A subsequent leach of ash by warm alkaline solution shows dramatic increases, in the amount of dissolved SiO2, U, and V, which are probably caused by increased dissolution of the glassy component of ash. Glass dissolution by alkaline ground water is a mechanism for providing these three elements to sedimentary traps where they may coaccumulate as uraniferous silica or U-V minerals. Leaching characteristics of ash from Mount St. Helens are comparable to characteristics of ash of similar composition from volcanoes in Guatemala. Ashes from each locality show similar ions predominating for a given leachate and similar fractions of a particular element in the ash removed on contact with the leach solution.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Bulletin Volcanologique</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Bull Volcanol</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1983-06-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1983</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Geosciences</genre><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Geophysics/Geodesy</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Sedimentology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0366-483x</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-0819</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">445</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">10</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>1983</date><detail type="volume"><number>46</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>103</start><end>124</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Intern. Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior, 1983</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E357D0D48FF6A1E15AB3EFFB404BBD7BD708110B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF02597580</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF02597580</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art2</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Intern. Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior, 1983</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Intern. 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