Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results
Identifieur interne : 000071 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000070; suivant : 000072Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results
Auteurs : Benjamin Mund ; Karl-Heinz SteinkeSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Abstract: About 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets are deposited in the Botanical Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. In the present work an approach tries to identify the writer by handwritten words and to read handwritten keywords. Therefore the word is cut out and transformed into a 6-dimensional time series and compared e.g. by means of DTW-method. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved with 12 different words (1200 samples). All herbar documents contain several printed tokens which indicate more information about the plant. With the token it is possible to get information who has found this plant, where this plant was found (country and sometimes the town), what kind of plant it is and so on. By using the local connections of the text it is possible to get more information from the herbar document, e.g. to find and recognize handwritten text in a defined area.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4_14
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ISTEX:66DBD17F17D9E35575A159D102BB28054409CB98Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct:series"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results</title><author><name sortKey="Mund, Benjamin" sort="Mund, Benjamin" uniqKey="Mund B" first="Benjamin" last="Mund">Benjamin Mund</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinke, Karl Heinz" sort="Steinke, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Steinke K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Steinke">Karl-Heinz Steinke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: karl-heinz.steinke@fh-hannover.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:66DBD17F17D9E35575A159D102BB28054409CB98</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4_14</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/66DBD17F17D9E35575A159D102BB28054409CB98/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000071</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results</title><author><name sortKey="Mund, Benjamin" sort="Mund, Benjamin" uniqKey="Mund B" first="Benjamin" last="Mund">Benjamin Mund</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinke, Karl Heinz" sort="Steinke, Karl Heinz" uniqKey="Steinke K" first="Karl-Heinz" last="Steinke">Karl-Heinz Steinke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: karl-heinz.steinke@fh-hannover.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="s">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><imprint><date>2010</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno></series><idno type="istex">66DBD17F17D9E35575A159D102BB28054409CB98</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4_14</idno><idno type="ChapterID">14</idno><idno type="ChapterID">Chap14</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: About 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets are deposited in the Botanical Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. In the present work an approach tries to identify the writer by handwritten words and to read handwritten keywords. Therefore the word is cut out and transformed into a 6-dimensional time series and compared e.g. by means of DTW-method. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved with 12 different words (1200 samples). All herbar documents contain several printed tokens which indicate more information about the plant. With the token it is possible to get information who has found this plant, where this plant was found (country and sometimes the town), what kind of plant it is and so on. By using the local connections of the text it is possible to get more information from the herbar document, e.g. to find and recognize handwritten text in a defined area.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Benjamin Mund</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Karl-Heinz Steinke</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: karl-heinz.steinke@fh-hannover.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Abstract: About 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets are deposited in the Botanical Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. 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type="first">Randy</forename><surname>Goebel</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jörg</forename><surname>Siekmann</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Wolfgang</forename><surname>Wahlster</surname></persName><affiliation>DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Petra</forename><surname>Perner</surname></persName><email>pperner@ibai-institut.de</email><affiliation>Institut für Bildverarbeitung und angewandte Informatik, Körnerstr. 10, 04107, Leipzig, Deutschland</affiliation></editor><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><biblScope type="seriesId">1244</biblScope></series><idno type="istex">66DBD17F17D9E35575A159D102BB28054409CB98</idno><idno 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Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. In the present work an approach tries to identify the writer by handwritten words and to read handwritten keywords. Therefore the word is cut out and transformed into a 6-dimensional time series and compared e.g. by means of DTW-method. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved with 12 different words (1200 samples). All herbar documents contain several printed tokens which indicate more information about the plant. With the token it is possible to get information who has found this plant, where this plant was found (country and sometimes the town), what kind of plant it is and so on. By using the local connections of the text it is possible to get more information from the herbar document, e.g. to find and recognize handwritten text in a defined area.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Collection"><list><label>SUCO11645</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Group"><list><label>I</label><label>I18030</label><label>I18059</label><label>I22021</label><label>I18040</label><label>I18024</label><label>I21017</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item><item><term>Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</term></item><item><term>Multimedia Information Systems</term></item><item><term>Image Processing and Computer Vision</term></item><item><term>Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</term></item><item><term>Database Management</term></item><item><term>Artificial Intelligence (incl. 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University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Pittsburgh</City><State>PA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgName>University of Surrey</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Guildford</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgName>Cornell University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Ithaca</City><State>NY</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff5"><OrgName>ETH Zurich</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Zurich</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff6"><OrgName>Stanford University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Stanford</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff7"><OrgName>Weizmann Institute of Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Rehovot</City><Country>Israel</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff8"><OrgName>University of Bern</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Bern</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff9"><OrgName>Indian Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Madras</City><Country>India</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff10"><OrgName>University of Dortmund</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Dortmund</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff11"><OrgName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><State>MA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff12"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Los Angeles</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff13"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Berkeley</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff14"><OrgName>Rice University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Houston</City><State>TX</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff15"><OrgName>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><SubSeries><SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID><SubSeriesPrintISSN>0302-9743</SubSeriesPrintISSN><SubSeriesElectronicISSN>1611-3349</SubSeriesElectronicISSN><SubSeriesTitle Language="En">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</SubSeriesTitle></SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Randy</GivenName><FamilyName>Goebel</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff17"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jörg</GivenName><FamilyName>Siekmann</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff18"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Wolfgang</GivenName><FamilyName>Wahlster</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff16"><OrgName>University of Alberta</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Edmonton</City><Country>Canada</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff17"><OrgName>University of Saarland</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff18"><OrgName>DFKI and University of Saarland</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SubSeriesHeader></SubSeries><Book Language="En"><BookInfo BookProductType="Proceedings" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" MediaType="eBook" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" OutputMedium="All" TocLevels="0"><BookID>978-3-642-14400-4</BookID><BookTitle>Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects</BookTitle><BookSubTitle>10th Industrial Conference, ICDM 2010, Berlin, Germany, July 12-14, 2010. Proceedings</BookSubTitle><BookVolumeNumber>6171</BookVolumeNumber><BookSequenceNumber>6171</BookSequenceNumber><BookDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4</BookDOI><BookTitleID>212482</BookTitleID><BookPrintISBN>978-3-642-14399-1</BookPrintISBN><BookElectronicISBN>978-3-642-14400-4</BookElectronicISBN><BookChapterCount>50</BookChapterCount><BookCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></BookCopyright><BookSubjectGroup><BookSubject Code="I" Type="Primary">Computer Science</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18030" Priority="1" Type="Secondary">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18059" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Multimedia Information Systems</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I22021" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Image Processing and Computer Vision</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18040" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18024" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">Database Management</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I21017" Priority="6" Type="Secondary">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup><BookContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID></BookContext></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Petra</GivenName><FamilyName>Perner</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>pperner@ibai-institut.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff19"><OrgName>Institut für Bildverarbeitung und angewandte Informatik</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Körnerstr. 10</Street><Postcode>04107</Postcode><City>Leipzig</City><Country>Deutschland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part3"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>3</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>3</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Multimedia Data Mining</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>8</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>Advances in Data Mining</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap14" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>14</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4_14</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>14</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>174</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>185</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>3</PartID><BookID>978-3-642-14400-4</BookID><BookTitle>Advances in Data Mining</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Benjamin</GivenName><FamilyName>Mund</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Karl-Heinz</GivenName><FamilyName>Steinke</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>karl-heinz.steinke@fh-hannover.de</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff20"><OrgName>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Hanover</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>About 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets are deposited in the Botanical Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. In the present work an approach tries to identify the writer by handwritten words and to read handwritten keywords. Therefore the word is cut out and transformed into a 6-dimensional time series and compared e.g. by means of DTW-method. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved with 12 different words (1200 samples). All herbar documents contain several printed tokens which indicate more information about the plant. With the token it is possible to get information who has found this plant, where this plant was found (country and sometimes the town), what kind of plant it is and so on. By using the local connections of the text it is possible to get more information from the herbar document, e.g. to find and recognize handwritten text in a defined area.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Keywords</Heading><Keyword>local connections</Keyword><Keyword>token</Keyword><Keyword>handwriting recognition</Keyword><Keyword>writer recognition</Keyword><Keyword>DTW</Keyword></KeywordGroup></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Processing Handwritten Words by Intelligent Use of OCR Results</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Benjamin</namePart><namePart type="family">Mund</namePart><affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Karl-Heinz</namePart><namePart type="family">Steinke</namePart><affiliation>University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Hanover, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: karl-heinz.steinke@fh-hannover.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference [eBooks]" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: About 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets are deposited in the Botanical Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently they have handwritten annotations (see figure 1). So a procedure had to be developed in order to process the handwriting on the sheet. In the present work an approach tries to identify the writer by handwritten words and to read handwritten keywords. Therefore the word is cut out and transformed into a 6-dimensional time series and compared e.g. by means of DTW-method. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved with 12 different words (1200 samples). All herbar documents contain several printed tokens which indicate more information about the plant. With the token it is possible to get information who has found this plant, where this plant was found (country and sometimes the town), what kind of plant it is and so on. By using the local connections of the text it is possible to get more information from the herbar document, e.g. to find and recognize handwritten text in a defined area.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects</title><subTitle>10th Industrial Conference, ICDM 2010, Berlin, Germany, July 12-14, 2010. Proceedings</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Petra</namePart><namePart type="family">Perner</namePart><affiliation>Institut für Bildverarbeitung und angewandte Informatik, Körnerstr. 10, 04107, Leipzig, Deutschland</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: pperner@ibai-institut.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="Book Series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book Subject Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer Science</topic></subject><subject><genre>Book Subject Group</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I">Computer Science</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18030">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18059">Multimedia Information Systems</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I22021">Image Processing and Computer Vision</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18040">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18024">Database Management</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I21017">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</topic></subject><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4</identifier><identifier type="ISBN">978-3-642-14399-1</identifier><identifier type="eISBN">978-3-642-14400-4</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="BookTitleID">212482</identifier><identifier type="BookID">978-3-642-14400-4</identifier><identifier type="BookChapterCount">50</identifier><identifier type="BookVolumeNumber">6171</identifier><identifier type="BookSequenceNumber">6171</identifier><identifier type="PartChapterCount">8</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="part"><title>Multimedia Data Mining</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>6171</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>174</start><end>185</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Lecture 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type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oscar</namePart><namePart type="family">Nierstrasz</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pandu Rangan</namePart><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Steffen</namePart><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Madhu</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudan</namePart><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Demetri</namePart><namePart type="family">Terzopoulos</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Doug</namePart><namePart 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