Pushing typists back on the learning curve: revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.
Identifieur interne : 000915 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000914; suivant : 000916Pushing typists back on the learning curve: revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.
Auteurs : Motonori Yamaguchi ; Gordon D. LoganSource :
- Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance [ 1939-1277 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Executive Function, Memory, Short-Term, Perception, Psychomotor Performance.
- Adult, Humans, Learning Curve, Young Adult.
Abstract
Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.
DOI: 10.1037/a0033809
PubMed: 23875575
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Motonori Yamaguchi<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Vanderbilt University</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Vanderbilt University</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.</AbstractText>
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