Hand kinematics of piano playing
Identifieur interne : 001412 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001411; suivant : 001413Hand kinematics of piano playing
Auteurs : Shinichi Furuya ; Martha Flanders ; John F. SoechtingSource :
- Journal of Neurophysiology [ 0022-3077 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Dexterous use of the hand represents a sophisticated sensorimotor function. In behaviors such as playing the piano, it can involve strong temporal and spatial constraints. The purpose of this study was to determine fundamental patterns of covariation of motion across joints and digits of the human hand. Joint motion was recorded while 5 expert pianists played 30 excerpts from musical pieces, which featured ∼50 different tone sequences and fingering. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis using an expectation-maximization algorithm revealed that joint velocities could be categorized into several patterns, which help to simplify the description of the movements of the multiple degrees of freedom of the hand. For the thumb keystroke, two distinct patterns of joint movement covariation emerged and they depended on the spatiotemporal patterns of the task. For example, the thumb-under maneuver was clearly separated into two clusters based on the direction of hand translation along the keyboard. While the pattern of the thumb joint velocities differed between these clusters, the motions at the metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal-phalangeal joints of the four fingers were more consistent. For a keystroke executed with one of the fingers, there were three distinct patterns of joint rotations, across which motion at the striking finger was fairly consistent, but motion of the other fingers was more variable. Furthermore, the amount of movement spillover of the striking finger to the adjacent fingers was small irrespective of the finger used for the keystroke. These findings describe an unparalleled amount of independent motion of the fingers.
Url:
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00378.2011
PubMed: 21880938
PubMed Central: 3234081
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Dexterous use of the hand represents a sophisticated sensorimotor function. In behaviors such as playing the piano, it can involve strong temporal and spatial constraints. The purpose of this study was to determine fundamental patterns of covariation of motion across joints and digits of the human hand. Joint motion was recorded while 5 expert pianists played 30 excerpts from musical pieces, which featured ∼50 different tone sequences and fingering. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis using an expectation-maximization algorithm revealed that joint velocities could be categorized into several patterns, which help to simplify the description of the movements of the multiple degrees of freedom of the hand. For the thumb keystroke, two distinct patterns of joint movement covariation emerged and they depended on the spatiotemporal patterns of the task. For example, the thumb-under maneuver was clearly separated into two clusters based on the direction of hand translation along the keyboard. While the pattern of the thumb joint velocities differed between these clusters, the motions at the metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal-phalangeal joints of the four fingers were more consistent. For a keystroke executed with one of the fingers, there were three distinct patterns of joint rotations, across which motion at the striking finger was fairly consistent, but motion of the other fingers was more variable. Furthermore, the amount of movement spillover of the striking finger to the adjacent fingers was small irrespective of the finger used for the keystroke. These findings describe an unparalleled amount of independent motion of the fingers.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurophysiol</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Hand kinematics of piano playing</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Furuya</surname>
<given-names>Shinichi</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Flanders</surname>
<given-names>Martha</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soechting</surname>
<given-names>John F.</given-names>
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<aff>Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp>Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: S. Furuya, <addr-line>6-145 Jackson Hall 321 Church St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55455</addr-line>
(e-mail: <email>auditory.motor@gmail.com</email>
).</corresp>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2012</year>
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<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the
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<volume>106</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>2849</fpage>
<lpage>2864</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 the American Physiological Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
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<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="z9k01211002849.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Dexterous use of the hand represents a sophisticated sensorimotor function. In behaviors such as playing the piano, it can involve strong temporal and spatial constraints. The purpose of this study was to determine fundamental patterns of covariation of motion across joints and digits of the human hand. Joint motion was recorded while 5 expert pianists played 30 excerpts from musical pieces, which featured ∼50 different tone sequences and fingering. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis using an expectation-maximization algorithm revealed that joint velocities could be categorized into several patterns, which help to simplify the description of the movements of the multiple degrees of freedom of the hand. For the thumb keystroke, two distinct patterns of joint movement covariation emerged and they depended on the spatiotemporal patterns of the task. For example, the thumb-under maneuver was clearly separated into two clusters based on the direction of hand translation along the keyboard. While the pattern of the thumb joint velocities differed between these clusters, the motions at the metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal-phalangeal joints of the four fingers were more consistent. For a keystroke executed with one of the fingers, there were three distinct patterns of joint rotations, across which motion at the striking finger was fairly consistent, but motion of the other fingers was more variable. Furthermore, the amount of movement spillover of the striking finger to the adjacent fingers was small irrespective of the finger used for the keystroke. These findings describe an unparalleled amount of independent motion of the fingers.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>individuated finger movements</kwd>
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<kwd>multijoint movements</kwd>
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<kwd>cluster analysis</kwd>
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