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Phantom Tactile Sensations Modulated by Body Position

Identifieur interne : 002293 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002292; suivant : 002294

Phantom Tactile Sensations Modulated by Body Position

Auteurs : Jared Medina ; Brenda Rapp

Source :

RBID : PMC:2701404

Abstract

Summary

Various lines of evidence reveal bilateral activation of somatosensory areas after unilateral stimulation [1-6] assumed to be mediated by cross-hemispheric connections [7-11]. Despite evidence of bilateral activity in response to unilateral stimulation, neurologically intact humans do not experience bilateral percepts when stimulated on one side of the body. This may be due to active suppression of ipsilateral neural activity [12, 13] by inhibitory mechanisms whose functioning is poorly understood. We describe an individual with left fronto-parietal damage who experiences bilateral sensations in response to unilateral tactile stimulation—a rarely reported condition known as synchiria (previously described in visual [14], auditory [15] and somatosensory modalities [16-19]). Presumably the phantom sensations result from normal bilateral cross-hemispheric activation, combined with a failure of inhibitory mechanisms to prevent bilateral perceptual experiences. The disruption of these mechanisms provides a valuable opportunity to examine their internal functioning. We find that the synchiria rate is affected by hand position relative to multiple reference frames. Specifically, synchiria decreases as the hands move from right (contralesional) to left (ipsilesional) space in trunk- and head-centered reference frames and disappears when the hands are crossed. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence that the mechanisms that inhibit bilateral percepts operate in multiple reference frames [20-27].


Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.068
PubMed: 19062276
PubMed Central: 2701404


Affiliations:


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PMC:2701404

Le document en format XML

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<p id="P1">Various lines of evidence reveal bilateral activation of somatosensory areas after unilateral stimulation [
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-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>
] assumed to be mediated by cross-hemispheric connections [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>
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<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>
]. Despite evidence of bilateral activity in response to unilateral stimulation, neurologically intact humans do not experience bilateral percepts when stimulated on one side of the body. This may be due to active suppression of ipsilateral neural activity [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>
,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>
] by inhibitory mechanisms whose functioning is poorly understood. We describe an individual with left fronto-parietal damage who experiences bilateral sensations in response to unilateral tactile stimulation—a rarely reported condition known as synchiria (previously described in visual [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>
], auditory [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>
] and somatosensory modalities [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref>
]). Presumably the phantom sensations result from normal bilateral cross-hemispheric activation, combined with a failure of inhibitory mechanisms to prevent bilateral perceptual experiences. The disruption of these mechanisms provides a valuable opportunity to examine their internal functioning. We find that the synchiria rate is affected by hand position relative to multiple reference frames. Specifically, synchiria decreases as the hands move from right (contralesional) to left (ipsilesional) space in trunk- and head-centered reference frames and disappears when the hands are crossed. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence that the mechanisms that inhibit bilateral percepts operate in multiple reference frames [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">20</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref>
].</p>
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Department of Neurology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania</aff>
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Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="CR1">
<bold>Correspondence Address:</bold>
Jared Medina 3 West Gates Department of Neurology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Phone: 215−614−0274 Fax: 215−349−8260 e-mail:
<email>jared.medina@uphs.upenn.edu</email>
</corresp>
<corresp id="CR2">Brenda Rapp Department of Cognitive Science Johns Hopkins University 237 Krieger Hall 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, MD 21218 Phone: 410−516−5250 Fax: 410−516−8020 e-mail:
<email>brapp1@jhu.edu</email>
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<volume>18</volume>
<issue>24</issue>
<fpage>1937</fpage>
<lpage>1942</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
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<abstract>
<title>Summary</title>
<p id="P1">Various lines of evidence reveal bilateral activation of somatosensory areas after unilateral stimulation [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>
] assumed to be mediated by cross-hemispheric connections [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>
]. Despite evidence of bilateral activity in response to unilateral stimulation, neurologically intact humans do not experience bilateral percepts when stimulated on one side of the body. This may be due to active suppression of ipsilateral neural activity [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>
,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>
] by inhibitory mechanisms whose functioning is poorly understood. We describe an individual with left fronto-parietal damage who experiences bilateral sensations in response to unilateral tactile stimulation—a rarely reported condition known as synchiria (previously described in visual [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>
], auditory [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>
] and somatosensory modalities [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref>
]). Presumably the phantom sensations result from normal bilateral cross-hemispheric activation, combined with a failure of inhibitory mechanisms to prevent bilateral perceptual experiences. The disruption of these mechanisms provides a valuable opportunity to examine their internal functioning. We find that the synchiria rate is affected by hand position relative to multiple reference frames. Specifically, synchiria decreases as the hands move from right (contralesional) to left (ipsilesional) space in trunk- and head-centered reference frames and disappears when the hands are crossed. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence that the mechanisms that inhibit bilateral percepts operate in multiple reference frames [
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">20</xref>
-
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">27</xref>
].</p>
</abstract>
<contract-num rid="DC1">R01 DC006740-01</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="DC1">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders : NIDCD</contract-sponsor>
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