Cross-modal Warnings for Orienting Attention in Older Drivers with and without Attention Impairments
Identifieur interne : 001B99 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001B98; suivant : 001C00Cross-modal Warnings for Orienting Attention in Older Drivers with and without Attention Impairments
Auteurs : Monica N. Lees [États-Unis] ; Joshua Cosman [États-Unis] ; John D. Lee [États-Unis] ; Shaun P. Vecera [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey D. Dawson ; Matthew Rizzo [États-Unis]Source :
- Applied Ergonomics [ 0003-6870 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Older adults are overrepresented in fatal crashes on a per mile basis. Those with useful field of view (UFOV) reductions show a particularly elevated crash risk that might be mitigated with vehicle-based warnings. To evaluate cross-modal cues that could be used in these warnings, we applied a variation of Posner‘s orienting of attention paradigm. Twenty-nine older drivers with UFOV impairments and 32 older drivers without impairments participated. Cues were presented in either a single modality or a combination of modalities (visual, auditory, haptic). Drivers experienced three cue types (valid spatial information, invalid spatial information, neutral) and an uncued baseline. Following each cue, drivers discriminated the direction of a target (a Landolt square with a gap facing up or down) in the visual panorama. Drivers with and without UFOV impairments showed comparable response times (RTs) across the different cue modalities and cue types. Both groups benefited most from auditory and auditory/haptic cues. Redundant visual cues, when paired with auditory cues, undermined performance rather than enhanced it. Overall, drivers responded faster to targets with valid spatial information followed by neutral, invalid, and uncued targets. Cues provide the greatest benefit in alerting rather than orienting the driver. The cue expected to be most effective at orienting attention—the extra-vehicular cue—performs most poorly when the spatial information is either invalid or neutral. Even when the spatial information is valid the extra-vehicular cue underperforms the auditory cues. The results suggest that temporal information dominates spatial information in the ability of cues to speed responses to targets. This study represents a first step in assessing whether combining a cognitive science paradigm and a driving simulator environment can quickly assess how different warning signals alert and orient drivers.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.11.012
PubMed: 22204895
PubMed Central: 3302974
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Older adults are overrepresented in fatal crashes on a per mile basis. Those with useful field of view (UFOV) reductions show a particularly elevated crash risk that might be mitigated with vehicle-based warnings. To evaluate cross-modal cues that could be used in these warnings, we applied a variation of Posner‘s orienting of attention paradigm. Twenty-nine older drivers with UFOV impairments and 32 older drivers without impairments participated. Cues were presented in either a single modality or a combination of modalities (visual, auditory, haptic). Drivers experienced three cue types (valid spatial information, invalid spatial information, neutral) and an uncued baseline. Following each cue, drivers discriminated the direction of a target (a Landolt square with a gap facing up or down) in the visual panorama. Drivers with and without UFOV impairments showed comparable response times (RTs) across the different cue modalities and cue types. Both groups benefited most from auditory and auditory/haptic cues. Redundant visual cues, when paired with auditory cues, undermined performance rather than enhanced it. Overall, drivers responded faster to targets with valid spatial information followed by neutral, invalid, and uncued targets. Cues provide the greatest benefit in alerting rather than orienting the driver. The cue expected to be most effective at orienting attention—the extra-vehicular cue—performs most poorly when the spatial information is either invalid or neutral. Even when the spatial information is valid the extra-vehicular cue underperforms the auditory cues. The results suggest that temporal information dominates spatial information in the ability of cues to speed responses to targets. This study represents a first step in assessing whether combining a cognitive science paradigm and a driving simulator environment can quickly assess how different warning signals alert and orient drivers.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0261412</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">20783</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Appl Ergon</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Ergonomics</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">0003-6870</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1872-9126</issn>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22204895</article-id>
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<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.apergo.2011.11.012</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS341564</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Cross-modal Warnings for Orienting Attention in Older Drivers with and without Attention Impairments</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lees</surname>
<given-names>Monica N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cosman</surname>
<given-names>Joshua</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>John D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vecera</surname>
<given-names>Shaun P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>Jeffrey D.</given-names>
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<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rizzo</surname>
<given-names>Matthew</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
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<aff id="A1"><label>a</label>
Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, 3131 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>b</label>
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, United States, 2155 RCP, UIHC, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>c</label>
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, United States, E125 Seashore Hall University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>d</label>
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 3007 Mechanical Engineering Building, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>e</label>
Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, United States, C22-H General Hospital, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>
Corresponding Author. Tel: 1 608 890 3168; fax: +1 608 262 8454, <email>jdlee@engr.wisc.edu</email>
(J. D. Lee)</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>27</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>768</fpage>
<lpage>776</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P2">Older adults are overrepresented in fatal crashes on a per mile basis. Those with useful field of view (UFOV) reductions show a particularly elevated crash risk that might be mitigated with vehicle-based warnings. To evaluate cross-modal cues that could be used in these warnings, we applied a variation of Posner‘s orienting of attention paradigm. Twenty-nine older drivers with UFOV impairments and 32 older drivers without impairments participated. Cues were presented in either a single modality or a combination of modalities (visual, auditory, haptic). Drivers experienced three cue types (valid spatial information, invalid spatial information, neutral) and an uncued baseline. Following each cue, drivers discriminated the direction of a target (a Landolt square with a gap facing up or down) in the visual panorama. Drivers with and without UFOV impairments showed comparable response times (RTs) across the different cue modalities and cue types. Both groups benefited most from auditory and auditory/haptic cues. Redundant visual cues, when paired with auditory cues, undermined performance rather than enhanced it. Overall, drivers responded faster to targets with valid spatial information followed by neutral, invalid, and uncued targets. Cues provide the greatest benefit in alerting rather than orienting the driver. The cue expected to be most effective at orienting attention—the extra-vehicular cue—performs most poorly when the spatial information is either invalid or neutral. Even when the spatial information is valid the extra-vehicular cue underperforms the auditory cues. The results suggest that temporal information dominates spatial information in the ability of cues to speed responses to targets. This study represents a first step in assessing whether combining a cognitive science paradigm and a driving simulator environment can quickly assess how different warning signals alert and orient drivers.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>spatial attention</kwd>
<kwd>older drivers</kwd>
<kwd>useful field of view</kwd>
<kwd>driving</kwd>
<kwd>warning signal</kwd>
<kwd>interface design</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute on Aging : NIA</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 AG026027-04 || AG</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Iowa</li>
<li>Wisconsin</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Dawson, Jeffrey D" sort="Dawson, Jeffrey D" uniqKey="Dawson J" first="Jeffrey D." last="Dawson">Jeffrey D. Dawson</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Iowa"><name sortKey="Lees, Monica N" sort="Lees, Monica N" uniqKey="Lees M" first="Monica N." last="Lees">Monica N. Lees</name>
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<name sortKey="Cosman, Joshua" sort="Cosman, Joshua" uniqKey="Cosman J" first="Joshua" last="Cosman">Joshua Cosman</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, John D" sort="Lee, John D" uniqKey="Lee J" first="John D." last="Lee">John D. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Rizzo, Matthew" sort="Rizzo, Matthew" uniqKey="Rizzo M" first="Matthew" last="Rizzo">Matthew Rizzo</name>
<name sortKey="Vecera, Shaun P" sort="Vecera, Shaun P" uniqKey="Vecera S" first="Shaun P." last="Vecera">Shaun P. Vecera</name>
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