Constructing detailed solid and smooth surfaces from voxel data for neurosurgical simulation
Identifieur interne :
000631 ( PascalFrancis/Curation );
précédent :
000630;
suivant :
000632
Constructing detailed solid and smooth surfaces from voxel data for neurosurgical simulation
Auteurs : Mayumi Shimizu [
Japon] ;
Yasuaki Nakamura [
Japon]
Source :
-
Lecture notes in computer science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2005.
RBID : Pascal:05-0335568
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Géométrie algorithmique,
Rendu image,
Structure hiérarchisée,
Imagerie RMN,
Surface lisse,
Voxel,
Sensibilité tactile,
Sensation,
Tomographie numérique,
Système hiérarchisé,
Octarbre,
Fonction continue,
Cubique,
Fonction régulière,
Fonction valeur,
Ajustement courbe,
Ajustement surface,
.,
Normale surface.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Computational geometry,
Computerized tomography,
Continuous function,
Cubics,
Curve fitting,
Hierarchical system,
Hierarchized structure,
Image rendering,
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging,
Octree,
Sensation,
Smooth function,
Smooth surface,
Surface fitting,
Surface normal,
Tactile sensitivity,
Value function,
Voxel.
Abstract
This paper deals with a neurosurgical simulation system with precise volume rendering and smooth tactile sensation. In the system, the Octree based hierarchical representation of volume data with continuous tri-cubic parametric functions, called volumetric implicit functions, and smooth boundary surfaces are introduced to provide detailed solid and smooth tactile sensation in an interactive environment. The volume data represented as voxel data, which are created from CT or MRI images, are divided into sub-volume until volumetric implicit functions can approximate voxel values accurately. An Octree manages the divided volume and parameters of the implicit functions in a hierarchical manner. Furthermore, smooth boundary surfaces are constructed by fitting points on a level surface of the implicit functions. In order to render more detailed solid than voxel precision when objects are zoomed up, sub-sampled voxels are generated by using the implicit functions. As for the tactile sensation, haptic device, PHANToM, is used to actualize a smooth reaction force which is calculated by the surface normal and the distance from a position of an instrument to the nearest surface. Incision with tactile sensation can be executed by making voxels underlying the instrument transparent, when a reaction force is greater than a limit. Several experiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
| pA |
| A01 | 01 | 1 | | @0 0302-9743 |
|---|
| A05 | | | | @2 3480 |
|---|
| A08 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Constructing detailed solid and smooth surfaces from voxel data for neurosurgical simulation |
|---|
| A09 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Computational science and its applications : Singapore, 9-12 May 2005 |
|---|
| A11 | 01 | 1 | | @1 SHIMIZU (Mayumi) |
|---|
| A11 | 02 | 1 | | @1 NAKAMURA (Yasuaki) |
|---|
| A12 | 01 | 1 | | @1 GERVASI (Osvaldo) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 02 | 1 | | @1 GAVRILOVA (Marina L.) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 03 | 1 | | @1 KUMAR (Vipin) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 04 | 1 | | @1 LAGANA (Antonio) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 05 | 1 | | @1 LEE HEOW PUEH @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 06 | 1 | | @1 MUN YOUNGSONG @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 07 | 1 | | @1 TANIAR (David) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 08 | 1 | | @1 TAN (Chih Jeng Kenneth) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A14 | 01 | | | @1 Department of Computer arid Media Technologies, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi @2 Asa-minami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194 @3 JPN @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. |
|---|
| A20 | | | | @2 part III, 1013-1022 |
|---|
| A21 | | | | @1 2005 |
|---|
| A23 | 01 | | | @0 ENG |
|---|
| A26 | 01 | | | @0 3-540-25860-4 |
|---|
| A43 | 01 | | | @1 INIST @2 16343 @5 354000124496183740 |
|---|
| A44 | | | | @0 0000 @1 © 2005 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved. |
|---|
| A45 | | | | @0 17 ref. |
|---|
| A47 | 01 | 1 | | @0 05-0335568 |
|---|
| A60 | | | | @1 P @2 C |
|---|
| A61 | | | | @0 A |
|---|
| A64 | 01 | 1 | | @0 Lecture notes in computer science |
|---|
| A66 | 01 | | | @0 DEU |
|---|
| C01 | 01 | | ENG | @0 This paper deals with a neurosurgical simulation system with precise volume rendering and smooth tactile sensation. In the system, the Octree based hierarchical representation of volume data with continuous tri-cubic parametric functions, called volumetric implicit functions, and smooth boundary surfaces are introduced to provide detailed solid and smooth tactile sensation in an interactive environment. The volume data represented as voxel data, which are created from CT or MRI images, are divided into sub-volume until volumetric implicit functions can approximate voxel values accurately. An Octree manages the divided volume and parameters of the implicit functions in a hierarchical manner. Furthermore, smooth boundary surfaces are constructed by fitting points on a level surface of the implicit functions. In order to render more detailed solid than voxel precision when objects are zoomed up, sub-sampled voxels are generated by using the implicit functions. As for the tactile sensation, haptic device, PHANToM, is used to actualize a smooth reaction force which is calculated by the surface normal and the distance from a position of an instrument to the nearest surface. Incision with tactile sensation can be executed by making voxels underlying the instrument transparent, when a reaction force is greater than a limit. Several experiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods. |
|---|
| C02 | 01 | X | | @0 001D02 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | FRE | @0 Géométrie algorithmique @5 06 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | ENG | @0 Computational geometry @5 06 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | SPA | @0 Geometría computacional @5 06 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | FRE | @0 Rendu image @5 07 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | ENG | @0 Image rendering @5 07 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | SPA | @0 Restitucíon imagen @5 07 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | FRE | @0 Structure hiérarchisée @5 08 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | ENG | @0 Hierarchized structure @5 08 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | SPA | @0 Estructura jerarquizada @5 08 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | FRE | @0 Imagerie RMN @5 09 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | ENG | @0 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging @5 09 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | SPA | @0 Imaginería RMN @5 09 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | FRE | @0 Surface lisse @5 18 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | ENG | @0 Smooth surface @5 18 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | SPA | @0 Superficie lisa @5 18 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | FRE | @0 Voxel @5 19 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | ENG | @0 Voxel @5 19 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | SPA | @0 Voxel @5 19 |
|---|
| C03 | 07 | X | FRE | @0 Sensibilité tactile @5 20 |
|---|
| C03 | 07 | X | ENG | @0 Tactile sensitivity @5 20 |
|---|
| C03 | 07 | X | SPA | @0 Sensibilidad tactil @5 20 |
|---|
| C03 | 08 | X | FRE | @0 Sensation @5 21 |
|---|
| C03 | 08 | X | ENG | @0 Sensation @5 21 |
|---|
| C03 | 08 | X | SPA | @0 Sensación @5 21 |
|---|
| C03 | 09 | 3 | FRE | @0 Tomographie numérique @5 22 |
|---|
| C03 | 09 | 3 | ENG | @0 Computerized tomography @5 22 |
|---|
| C03 | 10 | X | FRE | @0 Système hiérarchisé @5 23 |
|---|
| C03 | 10 | X | ENG | @0 Hierarchical system @5 23 |
|---|
| C03 | 10 | X | SPA | @0 Sistema jerarquizado @5 23 |
|---|
| C03 | 11 | X | FRE | @0 Octarbre @5 24 |
|---|
| C03 | 11 | X | ENG | @0 Octree @5 24 |
|---|
| C03 | 11 | X | SPA | @0 Octárbol @5 24 |
|---|
| C03 | 12 | X | FRE | @0 Fonction continue @5 25 |
|---|
| C03 | 12 | X | ENG | @0 Continuous function @5 25 |
|---|
| C03 | 12 | X | SPA | @0 Función continua @5 25 |
|---|
| C03 | 13 | X | FRE | @0 Cubique @5 26 |
|---|
| C03 | 13 | X | ENG | @0 Cubics @5 26 |
|---|
| C03 | 13 | X | SPA | @0 Cúbico @5 26 |
|---|
| C03 | 14 | X | FRE | @0 Fonction régulière @5 27 |
|---|
| C03 | 14 | X | ENG | @0 Smooth function @5 27 |
|---|
| C03 | 14 | X | SPA | @0 Función regular @5 27 |
|---|
| C03 | 15 | X | FRE | @0 Fonction valeur @5 28 |
|---|
| C03 | 15 | X | ENG | @0 Value function @5 28 |
|---|
| C03 | 15 | X | SPA | @0 Función valor @5 28 |
|---|
| C03 | 16 | X | FRE | @0 Ajustement courbe @5 29 |
|---|
| C03 | 16 | X | ENG | @0 Curve fitting @5 29 |
|---|
| C03 | 16 | X | SPA | @0 Ajustamiento curva @5 29 |
|---|
| C03 | 17 | 3 | FRE | @0 Ajustement surface @5 41 |
|---|
| C03 | 17 | 3 | ENG | @0 Surface fitting @5 41 |
|---|
| C03 | 18 | X | FRE | @0 . @4 INC @5 82 |
|---|
| C03 | 19 | X | FRE | @0 Normale surface @4 CD @5 96 |
|---|
| C03 | 19 | X | ENG | @0 Surface normal @4 CD @5 96 |
|---|
| C03 | 19 | X | SPA | @0 Normal superficie @4 CD @5 96 |
|---|
| N21 | | | | @1 234 |
|---|
| N44 | 01 | | | @1 OTO |
|---|
| N82 | | | | @1 OTO |
|---|
|
|---|
| pR |
| A30 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 ICCSA 2005 : international conference on computational science and its applications @3 Singapore SGP @4 2005-05-09 |
|---|
|
|---|
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Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Shimizu, Mayumi" sort="Shimizu, Mayumi" uniqKey="Shimizu M" first="Mayumi" last="Shimizu">Mayumi Shimizu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Computer arid Media Technologies, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi</s1>
<s2>Asa-minami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
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</affiliation><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Yasuaki" sort="Nakamura, Yasuaki" uniqKey="Nakamura Y" first="Yasuaki" last="Nakamura">Yasuaki Nakamura</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Shimizu, Mayumi" sort="Shimizu, Mayumi" uniqKey="Shimizu M" first="Mayumi" last="Shimizu">Mayumi Shimizu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Computer arid Media Technologies, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi</s1>
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</affiliation><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Yasuaki" sort="Nakamura, Yasuaki" uniqKey="Nakamura Y" first="Yasuaki" last="Nakamura">Yasuaki Nakamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Computer arid Media Technologies, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi</s1>
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</affiliation><series><title level="j" type="main">Lecture notes in computer science</title>
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</imprint><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Lecture notes in computer science</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno>
</seriesStmt><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Computational geometry</term>
<term>Computerized tomography</term>
<term>Continuous function</term>
<term>Cubics</term>
<term>Curve fitting</term>
<term>Hierarchical system</term>
<term>Hierarchized structure</term>
<term>Image rendering</term>
<term>Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging</term>
<term>Octree</term>
<term>Sensation</term>
<term>Smooth function</term>
<term>Smooth surface</term>
<term>Surface fitting</term>
<term>Surface normal</term>
<term>Tactile sensitivity</term>
<term>Value function</term>
<term>Voxel</term>
</keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Géométrie algorithmique</term>
<term>Rendu image</term>
<term>Structure hiérarchisée</term>
<term>Imagerie RMN</term>
<term>Surface lisse</term>
<term>Voxel</term>
<term>Sensibilité tactile</term>
<term>Sensation</term>
<term>Tomographie numérique</term>
<term>Système hiérarchisé</term>
<term>Octarbre</term>
<term>Fonction continue</term>
<term>Cubique</term>
<term>Fonction régulière</term>
<term>Fonction valeur</term>
<term>Ajustement courbe</term>
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<term>.</term>
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</keywords><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper deals with a neurosurgical simulation system with precise volume rendering and smooth tactile sensation. In the system, the Octree based hierarchical representation of volume data with continuous tri-cubic parametric functions, called volumetric implicit functions, and smooth boundary surfaces are introduced to provide detailed solid and smooth tactile sensation in an interactive environment. The volume data represented as voxel data, which are created from CT or MRI images, are divided into sub-volume until volumetric implicit functions can approximate voxel values accurately. An Octree manages the divided volume and parameters of the implicit functions in a hierarchical manner. Furthermore, smooth boundary surfaces are constructed by fitting points on a level surface of the implicit functions. In order to render more detailed solid than voxel precision when objects are zoomed up, sub-sampled voxels are generated by using the implicit functions. As for the tactile sensation, haptic device, PHANToM, is used to actualize a smooth reaction force which is calculated by the surface normal and the distance from a position of an instrument to the nearest surface. Incision with tactile sensation can be executed by making voxels underlying the instrument transparent, when a reaction force is greater than a limit. Several experiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</div>
</front><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0302-9743</s0>
</fA01><fA05><s2>3480</s2>
</fA05><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Constructing detailed solid and smooth surfaces from voxel data for neurosurgical simulation</s1>
</fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Computational science and its applications : Singapore, 9-12 May 2005</s1>
</fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SHIMIZU (Mayumi)</s1>
</fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>NAKAMURA (Yasuaki)</s1>
</fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>GERVASI (Osvaldo)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>GAVRILOVA (Marina L.)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>KUMAR (Vipin)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>LAGANA (Antonio)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>LEE HEOW PUEH</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>MUN YOUNGSONG</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>TANIAR (David)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>TAN (Chih Jeng Kenneth)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Computer arid Media Technologies, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi</s1>
<s2>Asa-minami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14><fA20><s2>part III, 1013-1022</s2>
</fA20><fA21><s1>2005</s1>
</fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23><fA26 i1="01"><s0>3-540-25860-4</s0>
</fA26><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>16343</s2>
<s5>354000124496183740</s5>
</fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2005 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44><fA45><s0>17 ref.</s0>
</fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>05-0335568</s0>
</fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1>
<s2>C</s2>
</fA60><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Lecture notes in computer science</s0>
</fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>DEU</s0>
</fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>This paper deals with a neurosurgical simulation system with precise volume rendering and smooth tactile sensation. In the system, the Octree based hierarchical representation of volume data with continuous tri-cubic parametric functions, called volumetric implicit functions, and smooth boundary surfaces are introduced to provide detailed solid and smooth tactile sensation in an interactive environment. The volume data represented as voxel data, which are created from CT or MRI images, are divided into sub-volume until volumetric implicit functions can approximate voxel values accurately. An Octree manages the divided volume and parameters of the implicit functions in a hierarchical manner. Furthermore, smooth boundary surfaces are constructed by fitting points on a level surface of the implicit functions. In order to render more detailed solid than voxel precision when objects are zoomed up, sub-sampled voxels are generated by using the implicit functions. As for the tactile sensation, haptic device, PHANToM, is used to actualize a smooth reaction force which is calculated by the surface normal and the distance from a position of an instrument to the nearest surface. Incision with tactile sensation can be executed by making voxels underlying the instrument transparent, when a reaction force is greater than a limit. Several experiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</s0>
</fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001D02</s0>
</fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Géométrie algorithmique</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Computational geometry</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Geometría computacional</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rendu image</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Image rendering</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Restitucíon imagen</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Structure hiérarchisée</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hierarchized structure</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estructura jerarquizada</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Imagerie RMN</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Imaginería RMN</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Surface lisse</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Smooth surface</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Superficie lisa</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Voxel</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Voxel</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Voxel</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Sensibilité tactile</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Tactile sensitivity</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sensibilidad tactil</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Sensation</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sensation</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sensación</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Tomographie numérique</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Computerized tomography</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Système hiérarchisé</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hierarchical system</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sistema jerarquizado</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Octarbre</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Octree</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Octárbol</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fonction continue</s0>
<s5>25</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Continuous function</s0>
<s5>25</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Función continua</s0>
<s5>25</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cubique</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cubics</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cúbico</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fonction régulière</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Smooth function</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Función regular</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fonction valeur</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Value function</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Función valor</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ajustement courbe</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Curve fitting</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ajustamiento curva</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="17" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Ajustement surface</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="17" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Surface fitting</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>.</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>82</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Normale surface</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Surface normal</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Normal superficie</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03><fN21><s1>234</s1>
</fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>ICCSA 2005 : international conference on computational science and its applications</s1>
<s3>Singapore SGP</s3>
<s4>2005-05-09</s4>
</fA30>
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