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THz and mm-Wave Sensing of Corneal Tissue Water Content: Electromagnetic Modeling and Analysis

Identifieur interne : 003B91 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003B90; suivant : 003B92

THz and mm-Wave Sensing of Corneal Tissue Water Content: Electromagnetic Modeling and Analysis

Auteurs : Zachary D. Taylor ; James Garritano ; Shijun Sung ; Neha Bajwa ; David B. Bennett ; Bryan Nowroozi ; Priyamvada Tewari ; James Sayre ; Jean-Pierre Hubschman ; Sophie Deng ; Elliott R. Brown ; Warren S. Grundfest

Source :

RBID : PMC:4551413

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) spectral properties of human cornea are explored as a function of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal water content, and the clinical utility of THz-based corneal water content sensing is discussed. Three candidate corneal tissue water content (CTWC) perturbations, based on corneal physiology, are investigated that affect the axial water distribution and total thickness. The THz frequency reflectivity properties of the three CTWC perturbations were simulated and explored with varying system center frequency and bandwidths (Q-factors). The modeling showed that at effective optical path lengths on the order of a wavelength the cornea presents a lossy etalon bordered by air at the anterior and the aqueous humor at the posterior. The simulated standing wave peak-to-valley ratio is pronounced at lower frequencies and its effect on acquired data can be modulated by adjusting the bandwidth of the sensing system. These observations are supported with experimental spectroscopic data. The results suggest that a priori knowledge of corneal thickness can be utilized for accurate assessments of corneal tissue water content. The physiologic variation of corneal thickness with respect to the wavelengths spanned by the THz band is extremely limited compared to all other structures in the body making CTWC sensing unique amongst all proposed applications of THz medical imaging.


Url:
DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2392619
PubMed: 26322247
PubMed Central: 4551413

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PMC:4551413

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Taylor, Zachary D" sort="Taylor, Zachary D" uniqKey="Taylor Z" first="Zachary D." last="Taylor">Zachary D. Taylor</name>
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<name sortKey="Garritano, James" sort="Garritano, James" uniqKey="Garritano J" first="James" last="Garritano">James Garritano</name>
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<name sortKey="Sung, Shijun" sort="Sung, Shijun" uniqKey="Sung S" first="Shijun" last="Sung">Shijun Sung</name>
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<name sortKey="Bajwa, Neha" sort="Bajwa, Neha" uniqKey="Bajwa N" first="Neha" last="Bajwa">Neha Bajwa</name>
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<name sortKey="Tewari, Priyamvada" sort="Tewari, Priyamvada" uniqKey="Tewari P" first="Priyamvada" last="Tewari">Priyamvada Tewari</name>
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<name sortKey="Sayre, James" sort="Sayre, James" uniqKey="Sayre J" first="James" last="Sayre">James Sayre</name>
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<name sortKey="Hubschman, Jean Pierre" sort="Hubschman, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Hubschman J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Hubschman">Jean-Pierre Hubschman</name>
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<name sortKey="Deng, Sophie" sort="Deng, Sophie" uniqKey="Deng S" first="Sophie" last="Deng">Sophie Deng</name>
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<title level="j">IEEE transactions on terahertz science and technology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2156-342X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2156-3446</idno>
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<p id="P1">Terahertz (THz) spectral properties of human cornea are explored as a function of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal water content, and the clinical utility of THz-based corneal water content sensing is discussed. Three candidate corneal tissue water content (CTWC) perturbations, based on corneal physiology, are investigated that affect the axial water distribution and total thickness. The THz frequency reflectivity properties of the three CTWC perturbations were simulated and explored with varying system center frequency and bandwidths (Q-factors). The modeling showed that at effective optical path lengths on the order of a wavelength the cornea presents a lossy etalon bordered by air at the anterior and the aqueous humor at the posterior. The simulated standing wave peak-to-valley ratio is pronounced at lower frequencies and its effect on acquired data can be modulated by adjusting the bandwidth of the sensing system. These observations are supported with experimental spectroscopic data. The results suggest that
<italic>a priori</italic>
knowledge of corneal thickness can be utilized for accurate assessments of corneal tissue water content. The physiologic variation of corneal thickness with respect to the wavelengths spanned by the THz band is extremely limited compared to all other structures in the body making CTWC sensing unique amongst all proposed applications of THz medical imaging.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">40701</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci Technol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci Technol</journal-id>
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<journal-title>IEEE transactions on terahertz science and technology</journal-title>
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<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS694039</article-id>
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<subject>Article</subject>
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<article-title>THz and mm-Wave Sensing of Corneal Tissue Water Content: Electromagnetic Modeling and Analysis</article-title>
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<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Zachary D.</given-names>
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<role>Member, IEEE</role>
<email>zdeis@seas.ucla.edu</email>
<aff id="A1">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garritano</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
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<aff id="A2">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sung</surname>
<given-names>Shijun</given-names>
</name>
<role>Member, IEEE</role>
<aff id="A3">Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bajwa</surname>
<given-names>Neha</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A4">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bennett</surname>
<given-names>David B.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Member, IEEE</role>
<aff id="A5">Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. He is now with Fitbit, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nowroozi</surname>
<given-names>Bryan</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A6">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. He is now with Mimeo Labs Inc, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tewari</surname>
<given-names>Priyamvada</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A7">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. She is now with Elsevier Life Science solutions, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sayre</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A8">Department of Biostatistics, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hubschman</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A9">Department of Ophthalmology, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Deng</surname>
<given-names>Sophie</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A10">Department of Ophthalmology, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>Elliott R.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Fellow, IEEE</role>
<aff id="A11">Department. of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grundfest</surname>
<given-names>Warren S.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Member, IEEE</role>
<aff id="A12">Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, and also with the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>28</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>27</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
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<volume>5</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>170</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2392619</pmc-comment>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=7044605"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<p id="P1">Terahertz (THz) spectral properties of human cornea are explored as a function of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal water content, and the clinical utility of THz-based corneal water content sensing is discussed. Three candidate corneal tissue water content (CTWC) perturbations, based on corneal physiology, are investigated that affect the axial water distribution and total thickness. The THz frequency reflectivity properties of the three CTWC perturbations were simulated and explored with varying system center frequency and bandwidths (Q-factors). The modeling showed that at effective optical path lengths on the order of a wavelength the cornea presents a lossy etalon bordered by air at the anterior and the aqueous humor at the posterior. The simulated standing wave peak-to-valley ratio is pronounced at lower frequencies and its effect on acquired data can be modulated by adjusting the bandwidth of the sensing system. These observations are supported with experimental spectroscopic data. The results suggest that
<italic>a priori</italic>
knowledge of corneal thickness can be utilized for accurate assessments of corneal tissue water content. The physiologic variation of corneal thickness with respect to the wavelengths spanned by the THz band is extremely limited compared to all other structures in the body making CTWC sensing unique amongst all proposed applications of THz medical imaging.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Biological and medical imaging</kwd>
<kwd>medical diagnostics</kwd>
<kwd>clinical instruments</kwd>
<kwd>hydration interactions</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<name sortKey="Brown, Elliott R" sort="Brown, Elliott R" uniqKey="Brown E" first="Elliott R." last="Brown">Elliott R. Brown</name>
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<name sortKey="Grundfest, Warren S" sort="Grundfest, Warren S" uniqKey="Grundfest W" first="Warren S." last="Grundfest">Warren S. Grundfest</name>
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