Prior and Present Evidence: How Prior Experience Interacts with Present Information in a Perceptual Decision Making Task
Identifieur interne : 002080 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002079; suivant : 002081Prior and Present Evidence: How Prior Experience Interacts with Present Information in a Perceptual Decision Making Task
Auteurs : Muhsin Karim [Australie] ; Justin A. Harris [Australie] ; John W. Morley [Australie] ; Michael Breakspear [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Vibrotactile discrimination tasks have been used to examine decision making processes in the presence of perceptual uncertainty, induced by barely discernible frequency differences between paired stimuli or by the presence of embedded noise. One lesser known property of such tasks is that decisions made on a single trial may be biased by information from prior trials. An example is the time-order effect whereby the presentation order of paired stimuli may introduce differences in accuracy. Subjects perform better when the first stimulus lies between the second stimulus and the global mean of all stimuli on the judged dimension (“preferred” time-orders) compared to the alternative presentation order (“nonpreferred” time-orders). This has been conceptualised as a “drift” of the first stimulus representation towards the global mean of the stimulus-set (an internal standard). We describe the influence of prior information in relation to the more traditionally studied factors of interest in a classic discrimination task.
Sixty subjects performed a vibrotactile discrimination task with different levels of uncertainty parametrically induced by increasing task difficulty, aperiodic stimulus noise, and changing the task instructions whilst maintaining identical stimulus properties (the “context”).
The time-order effect had a greater influence on task performance than two of the explicit factors–task difficulty and noise–but not context. The influence of prior information increased with the distance of the first stimulus from the global mean, suggesting that the “drift” velocity of the first stimulus towards the global mean representation was greater for these trials.
Awareness of the time-order effect and prior information in general is essential when studying perceptual decision making tasks. Implicit mechanisms may have a greater influence than the explicit factors under study. It also affords valuable insights into basic mechanisms of information accumulation, storage, sensory weighting, and processing in neural circuits.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037580
PubMed: 22701521
PubMed Central: 3362626
Affiliations:
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Harris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morley, John W" sort="Morley, John W" uniqKey="Morley J" first="John W." last="Morley">John W. Morley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breakspear, Michael" sort="Breakspear, Michael" uniqKey="Breakspear M" first="Michael" last="Breakspear">Michael Breakspear</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>The Black Dog Institute, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Vibrotactile discrimination tasks have been used to examine decision making processes in the presence of perceptual uncertainty, induced by barely discernible frequency differences between paired stimuli or by the presence of embedded noise. One lesser known property of such tasks is that decisions made on a single trial may be biased by information from prior trials. An example is the time-order effect whereby the presentation order of paired stimuli may introduce differences in accuracy. Subjects perform better when the first stimulus lies between the second stimulus and the global mean of all stimuli on the judged dimension (“preferred” time-orders) compared to the alternative presentation order (“nonpreferred” time-orders). This has been conceptualised as a “drift” of the first stimulus representation towards the global mean of the stimulus-set (an internal standard). We describe the influence of prior information in relation to the more traditionally studied factors of interest in a classic discrimination task.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Sixty subjects performed a vibrotactile discrimination task with different levels of uncertainty parametrically induced by increasing task difficulty, aperiodic stimulus noise, and changing the task instructions whilst maintaining identical stimulus properties (the “context”).</p></sec><sec><title>Principal Findings</title><p>The time-order effect had a greater influence on task performance than two of the explicit factors–task difficulty and noise–but not context. The influence of prior information increased with the distance of the first stimulus from the global mean, suggesting that the “drift” velocity of the first stimulus towards the global mean representation was greater for these trials.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>Awareness of the time-order effect and prior information in general is essential when studying perceptual decision making tasks. Implicit mechanisms may have a greater influence than the explicit factors under study. It also affords valuable insights into basic mechanisms of information accumulation, storage, sensory weighting, and processing in neural circuits.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gerdjikov, Tv" uniqKey="Gerdjikov T">TV Gerdjikov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergner, Cg" uniqKey="Bergner C">CG Bergner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stuttgen, Mc" uniqKey="Stuttgen M">MC Stuttgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waiblinger, C" uniqKey="Waiblinger C">C Waiblinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, C" uniqKey="Schwarz C">C Schwarz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adibi, M" uniqKey="Adibi M">M Adibi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arabzadeh, E" uniqKey="Arabzadeh E">E Arabzadeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Romo, R" uniqKey="Romo R">R Romo</name></author><author><name 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sortKey="Ratcliff, R" uniqKey="Ratcliff R">R Ratcliff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Pl" uniqKey="Smith P">PL Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Philiastides, Mg" uniqKey="Philiastides M">MG Philiastides</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auksztulewicz, R" uniqKey="Auksztulewicz R">R Auksztulewicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heekeren, Hr" uniqKey="Heekeren H">HR Heekeren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blankenburg, F" uniqKey="Blankenburg F">F Blankenburg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gardiner, C" uniqKey="Gardiner C">C Gardiner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Michels, Wc" uniqKey="Michels W">WC Michels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helson, H" uniqKey="Helson H">H Helson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hellstrom, " uniqKey="Hellstrom ">Å Hellström</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woodrow, H" uniqKey="Woodrow H">H Woodrow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Von Helmholtz, H" uniqKey="Von Helmholtz H">H von Helmholtz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brainard, Dh" uniqKey="Brainard D">DH Brainard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kleiner, M" uniqKey="Kleiner M">M Kleiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brainard, D" uniqKey="Brainard D">D Brainard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pelli, D" uniqKey="Pelli D">D Pelli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zwislocki, Jj" uniqKey="Zwislocki J">JJ Zwislocki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Relkin, Em" uniqKey="Relkin E">EM Relkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Karim, Muhsin" sort="Karim, Muhsin" uniqKey="Karim M" first="Muhsin" last="Karim">Muhsin Karim</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Breakspear, Michael" sort="Breakspear, Michael" uniqKey="Breakspear M" first="Michael" last="Breakspear">Michael Breakspear</name><name sortKey="Breakspear, Michael" sort="Breakspear, Michael" uniqKey="Breakspear M" first="Michael" last="Breakspear">Michael Breakspear</name><name sortKey="Breakspear, Michael" sort="Breakspear, Michael" uniqKey="Breakspear M" first="Michael" last="Breakspear">Michael Breakspear</name><name sortKey="Breakspear, Michael" sort="Breakspear, Michael" uniqKey="Breakspear M" first="Michael" last="Breakspear">Michael Breakspear</name><name sortKey="Harris, Justin A" sort="Harris, Justin A" uniqKey="Harris J" first="Justin A." last="Harris">Justin A. Harris</name><name sortKey="Karim, Muhsin" sort="Karim, Muhsin" uniqKey="Karim M" first="Muhsin" last="Karim">Muhsin Karim</name><name sortKey="Morley, John W" sort="Morley, John W" uniqKey="Morley J" first="John W." last="Morley">John W. Morley</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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