Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity
Identifieur interne : 002448 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002447; suivant : 002449Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity
Auteurs : Ana B. Fagundo [Espagne] ; Rafael De La Torre [Espagne] ; Susana Jiménez-Murcia [Espagne] ; Zaida Agüera [Espagne] ; Roser Granero [Espagne] ; Salomé Tárrega [Espagne] ; Cristina Botella [Espagne] ; Rosa Ba Os [Espagne] ; Jose M. Fernández-Real [Espagne] ; Roser Rodríguez [Espagne] ; Laura Forcano [Espagne] ; Gema Frühbeck [Espagne] ; Javier G Mez-Ambrosi [Espagne] ; Francisco J. Tinahones [Espagne] ; Jose C. Fernández-García [Espagne] ; Felipe F. Casanueva [Espagne] ; Fernando Fernández-Aranda [Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a
Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty seven HC were compared using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT); and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years.
There was a significant difference in IGT score (F(1.79); p<.001), with AN and OB groups showing the poorest performance compared to HC. On the WCST, AN and OB made significantly more errors than controls (F(25.73); p<.001), and had significantly fewer correct responses (F(2.71); p<.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that the two clinical groups were not significantly different from each other. Finally, OB showed a significant reduced performance in the inhibition response measured with the Stroop test (F(5.11); p<.001) compared with both AN and HC.
These findings suggest that EWC subjects (namely AN and OB) have similar dysfunctional executive profile that may play a role in the development and maintenance of such disorders.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043382
PubMed: 22927962
PubMed Central: 3424186
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(CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Botella, Cristina" sort="Botella, Cristina" uniqKey="Botella C" first="Cristina" 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Tinahones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Málaga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Garcia, Jose C" sort="Fernandez Garcia, Jose C" uniqKey="Fernandez Garcia J" first="Jose C." last="Fernández-García">Jose C. Fernández-García</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Málaga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casanueva, Felipe F" sort="Casanueva, Felipe F" uniqKey="Casanueva F" first="Felipe F." last="Casanueva">Felipe F. Casanueva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago de Compostela University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Aranda, Fernando" sort="Fernandez Aranda, Fernando" uniqKey="Fernandez Aranda F" first="Fernando" last="Fernández-Aranda">Fernando Fernández-Aranda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Barcelona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22927962</idno><idno type="pmc">3424186</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424186</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3424186</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0043382</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002216</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002216</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001746</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002209</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002209</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002209</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002448</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity</title><author><name sortKey="Fagundo, Ana B" sort="Fagundo, Ana B" uniqKey="Fagundo A" first="Ana B." last="Fagundo">Ana B. Fagundo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Torre, Rafael" sort="De La Torre, Rafael" uniqKey="De La Torre R" first="Rafael" last="De La Torre">Rafael De La Torre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Murcia, Susana" sort="Jimenez Murcia, Susana" uniqKey="Jimenez Murcia S" first="Susana" last="Jiménez-Murcia">Susana Jiménez-Murcia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Barcelona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguera, Zaida" sort="Aguera, Zaida" uniqKey="Aguera Z" first="Zaida" last="Agüera">Zaida Agüera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Granero, Roser" sort="Granero, Roser" uniqKey="Granero R" first="Roser" last="Granero">Roser Granero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tarrega, Salome" sort="Tarrega, Salome" uniqKey="Tarrega S" first="Salomé" last="Tárrega">Salomé Tárrega</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Botella, Cristina" sort="Botella, Cristina" uniqKey="Botella C" first="Cristina" last="Botella">Cristina Botella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castellón</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Castellón</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ba Os, Rosa" sort="Ba Os, Rosa" uniqKey="Ba Os R" first="Rosa" last="Ba Os">Rosa Ba Os</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Pyschological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pyschological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Real, Jose M" sort="Fernandez Real, Jose M" uniqKey="Fernandez Real J" first="Jose M." last="Fernández-Real">Jose M. Fernández-Real</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Girona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Roser" sort="Rodriguez, Roser" uniqKey="Rodriguez R" first="Roser" last="Rodríguez">Roser Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Girona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forcano, Laura" sort="Forcano, Laura" uniqKey="Forcano L" first="Laura" last="Forcano">Laura Forcano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fruhbeck, Gema" sort="Fruhbeck, Gema" uniqKey="Fruhbeck G" first="Gema" last="Frühbeck">Gema Frühbeck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology, University of Navarra, Pamplona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pamplona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Ambrosi, Javier" sort="G Mez Ambrosi, Javier" uniqKey="G Mez Ambrosi J" first="Javier" last="G Mez-Ambrosi">Javier G Mez-Ambrosi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Department of Endocrinology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology, University of Navarra, Pamplona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pamplona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tinahones, Francisco J" sort="Tinahones, Francisco J" uniqKey="Tinahones F" first="Francisco J." last="Tinahones">Francisco J. Tinahones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Málaga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Garcia, Jose C" sort="Fernandez Garcia, Jose C" uniqKey="Fernandez Garcia J" first="Jose C." last="Fernández-García">Jose C. Fernández-García</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Málaga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casanueva, Felipe F" sort="Casanueva, Felipe F" uniqKey="Casanueva F" first="Felipe F." last="Casanueva">Felipe F. Casanueva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago de Compostela University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Aranda, Fernando" sort="Fernandez Aranda, Fernando" uniqKey="Fernandez Aranda F" first="Fernando" last="Fernández-Aranda">Fernando Fernández-Aranda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instituto Salud Carlos III</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Barcelona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a <italic>continuum</italic> may share some biological risk factors and intermediate neurocognitive phenotypes. A core cognitive trait in EWC appears to be executive dysfunction, with a focus on decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Differences between individuals in these areas are likely to contribute to the differences in vulnerability to EWC. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a common pattern of executive dysfunction in EWC while comparing anorexia nervosa patients (AN), obese subjects (OB) and healthy eating/weight controls (HC).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty seven HC were compared using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT); and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There was a significant difference in IGT score (F(1.79); p<.001), with AN and OB groups showing the poorest performance compared to HC. On the WCST, AN and OB made significantly more errors than controls (F(25.73); p<.001), and had significantly fewer correct responses (F(2.71); p<.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that the two clinical groups were not significantly different from each other. Finally, OB showed a significant reduced performance in the inhibition response measured with the Stroop test (F(5.11); p<.001) compared with both AN and HC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>These findings suggest that EWC subjects (namely AN and OB) have similar dysfunctional executive profile that may play a role in the development and maintenance of such disorders.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Avena, Nm" uniqKey="Avena N">NM Avena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rada, P" uniqKey="Rada P">P Rada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoebel, Bg" uniqKey="Hoebel B">BG Hoebel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Casper, Rc" uniqKey="Casper R">RC Casper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sullivan, El" uniqKey="Sullivan E">EL Sullivan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tecott, L" uniqKey="Tecott L">L 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