Altered representation of facial expressions after early visual deprivation
Identifieur interne : 001D99 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 001D98; suivant : 001E00Altered representation of facial expressions after early visual deprivation
Auteurs : Xiaoqing Gao [Canada] ; Daphne Maurer [Canada] ; Mayu Nishimura [Canada]Source :
- Frontiers in Psychology [ 1664-1078 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
We investigated the effects of early visual deprivation on the underlying representation of the six basic emotions. Using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), we compared the similarity judgments of adults who had missed early visual input because of bilateral congenital cataracts to control adults with normal vision. Participants made similarity judgments of the six basic emotional expressions, plus neutral, at three different intensities. Consistent with previous studies, the similarity judgments of typical adults could be modeled with four underlying dimensions, which can be interpreted as representing pleasure, arousal, potency and intensity of expressions. As a group, cataract-reversal patients showed a systematic structure with dimensions representing pleasure, potency, and intensity. However, an arousal dimension was not obvious in the patient group's judgments. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a pattern in patients seen in typical 7-year-olds but not typical 14-year-olds or adults. There was also more variability among the patients than among the controls, as evidenced by higher stress values for the MDS fit to the patients' data and more dispersed weightings on the four dimensions. The findings suggest an important role for early visual experience in shaping the later development of the representations of emotions. Since the normal underlying structure for emotion emerges postnatally and continues to be refined until late childhood, the altered representation of emotion in adult patients suggests a sleeper effect.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00878
PubMed: 24312071
PubMed Central: 3836015
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Altered representation of facial expressions after early visual deprivation</title><author><name sortKey="Gao, Xiaoqing" sort="Gao, Xiaoqing" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiaoqing" last="Gao">Xiaoqing Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Centre for Vision Research, York University</institution><country>Toronto, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurer, Daphne" sort="Maurer, Daphne" uniqKey="Maurer D" first="Daphne" last="Maurer">Daphne Maurer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University</institution><country>Hamilton, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nishimura, Mayu" sort="Nishimura, Mayu" uniqKey="Nishimura M" first="Mayu" last="Nishimura">Mayu Nishimura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University</institution><country>Hamilton, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24312071</idno><idno type="pmc">3836015</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836015</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3836015</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00878</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001E83</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001E83</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001419</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002B35</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002B35</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002B35</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001D99</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Altered representation of facial expressions after early visual deprivation</title><author><name sortKey="Gao, Xiaoqing" sort="Gao, Xiaoqing" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiaoqing" last="Gao">Xiaoqing Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Centre for Vision Research, York University</institution><country>Toronto, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurer, Daphne" sort="Maurer, Daphne" uniqKey="Maurer D" first="Daphne" last="Maurer">Daphne Maurer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University</institution><country>Hamilton, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nishimura, Mayu" sort="Nishimura, Mayu" uniqKey="Nishimura M" first="Mayu" last="Nishimura">Mayu Nishimura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University</institution><country>Hamilton, ON, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Psychology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-1078</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We investigated the effects of early visual deprivation on the underlying representation of the six basic emotions. Using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), we compared the similarity judgments of adults who had missed early visual input because of bilateral congenital cataracts to control adults with normal vision. Participants made similarity judgments of the six basic emotional expressions, plus neutral, at three different intensities. Consistent with previous studies, the similarity judgments of typical adults could be modeled with four underlying dimensions, which can be interpreted as representing pleasure, arousal, potency and intensity of expressions. As a group, cataract-reversal patients showed a systematic structure with dimensions representing pleasure, potency, and intensity. However, an arousal dimension was not obvious in the patient group's judgments. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a pattern in patients seen in typical 7-year-olds but not typical 14-year-olds or adults. There was also more variability among the patients than among the controls, as evidenced by higher stress values for the MDS fit to the patients' data and more dispersed weightings on the four dimensions. The findings suggest an important role for early visual experience in shaping the later development of the representations of emotions. Since the normal underlying structure for emotion emerges postnatally and continues to be refined until late childhood, the altered representation of emotion in adult patients suggests a sleeper effect.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adolphs, R" uniqKey="Adolphs R">R. Adolphs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tranel, D" uniqKey="Tranel D">D. Tranel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Damasio, H" uniqKey="Damasio H">H. Damasio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Damasio, A" uniqKey="Damasio A">A. 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