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Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting

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Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting

Auteurs : Motonori Yamaguchi [États-Unis] ; Gordon D. Logan [États-Unis]

Source :

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance [ 0096-1523 ] ; 2014.

RBID : Pascal:14-0115629

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Dactylographe, Apprentissage, Mémorisation par bloc, Habileté, Performance, Traitement automatique, Etude expérimentale, Motricité, Homme.
Wicri :
- topic : Homme.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Automatic processing, Chunking, Experimental study, Human, Learning, Motricity, Performance, Skill, Typist.

Abstract

Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.

Affiliations:

États-Unis

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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to stream PascalFrancis, to step Corpus: 000132
to stream PascalFrancis, to step Curation: 001187
to stream PascalFrancis, to step Checkpoint: 000025
to stream Main, to step Merge: 001551
to stream Main, to step Curation: 001545

Le document en format XML

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<term>Apprentissage</term>
<term>Mémorisation par bloc</term>
<term>Habileté</term>
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<term>Traitement automatique</term>
<term>Etude expérimentale</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.</div>
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Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting

Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri