Serveur d'exploration sur les dispositifs haptiques

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Virtual Reality Training Versus Blended Learning of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Identifieur interne : 000405 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000404; suivant : 000406

Virtual Reality Training Versus Blended Learning of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Auteurs : Felix Nickel ; Julia A. Brzoska ; Matthias Gondan ; Henriette M. Rangnick ; Jackson Chu ; Hannes G. Kenngott ; Georg R. Linke ; Martina Kadmon ; Lars Fischer ; Beat P. Müller-Stich

Source :

RBID : PMC:4602875

Abstract

Abstract

This study compared virtual reality (VR) training with low cost-blended learning (BL) in a structured training program.

Training of laparoscopic skills outside the operating room is mandatory to reduce operative times and risks.

Laparoscopy-naïve medical students were randomized in 2 groups stratified for sex. The BL group (n = 42) used E-learning for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and practiced basic skills with box trainers. The VR group (n = 42) trained basic skills and LC on the LAP Mentor II (Simbionix, Cleveland, OH). Each group trained 3 × 4 hours followed by a knowledge test concerning LC. Blinded raters assessed the operative performance of cadaveric porcine LC using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). The LC was discontinued when it was not completed within 80 min. Students evaluated their training modality with questionnaires.

The VR group completed the LC significantly faster and more often within 80 min than BL (45% v 21%, P = .02). The BL group scored higher than the VR group in the knowledge test (13.3 ± 1.3 vs 11.0 ± 1.7, P < 0.001). Both groups showed equal operative performance of LC in the OSATS score (49.4 ± 10.5 vs 49.7 ± 12.0, P = 0.90). Students generally liked training and felt well prepared for assisting in laparoscopic surgery. The efficiency of the training was judged higher by the VR group than by the BL group.

VR and BL can both be applied for training the basics of LC. Multimodality training programs should be developed that combine the advantages of both approaches.


Url:
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000764
PubMed: 25997044
PubMed Central: 4602875


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Virtual Reality Training Versus Blended Learning of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nickel, Felix" sort="Nickel, Felix" uniqKey="Nickel F" first="Felix" last="Nickel">Felix Nickel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brzoska, Julia A" sort="Brzoska, Julia A" uniqKey="Brzoska J" first="Julia A." last="Brzoska">Julia A. Brzoska</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gondan, Matthias" sort="Gondan, Matthias" uniqKey="Gondan M" first="Matthias" last="Gondan">Matthias Gondan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rangnick, Henriette M" sort="Rangnick, Henriette M" uniqKey="Rangnick H" first="Henriette M." last="Rangnick">Henriette M. Rangnick</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chu, Jackson" sort="Chu, Jackson" uniqKey="Chu J" first="Jackson" last="Chu">Jackson Chu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kenngott, Hannes G" sort="Kenngott, Hannes G" uniqKey="Kenngott H" first="Hannes G." last="Kenngott">Hannes G. Kenngott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linke, Georg R" sort="Linke, Georg R" uniqKey="Linke G" first="Georg R." last="Linke">Georg R. Linke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kadmon, Martina" sort="Kadmon, Martina" uniqKey="Kadmon M" first="Martina" last="Kadmon">Martina Kadmon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fischer, Lars" sort="Fischer, Lars" uniqKey="Fischer L" first="Lars" last="Fischer">Lars Fischer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muller Stich, Beat P" sort="Muller Stich, Beat P" uniqKey="Muller Stich B" first="Beat P." last="Müller-Stich">Beat P. Müller-Stich</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25997044</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4602875</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4602875</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4602875</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1097/MD.0000000000000764</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000253</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000253</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000213</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003955</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003955</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003955</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0025-7974:2015:Nickel F:virtual:reality:training</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000404</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000405</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000405</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Virtual Reality Training Versus Blended Learning of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nickel, Felix" sort="Nickel, Felix" uniqKey="Nickel F" first="Felix" last="Nickel">Felix Nickel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brzoska, Julia A" sort="Brzoska, Julia A" uniqKey="Brzoska J" first="Julia A." last="Brzoska">Julia A. Brzoska</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gondan, Matthias" sort="Gondan, Matthias" uniqKey="Gondan M" first="Matthias" last="Gondan">Matthias Gondan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rangnick, Henriette M" sort="Rangnick, Henriette M" uniqKey="Rangnick H" first="Henriette M." last="Rangnick">Henriette M. Rangnick</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chu, Jackson" sort="Chu, Jackson" uniqKey="Chu J" first="Jackson" last="Chu">Jackson Chu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kenngott, Hannes G" sort="Kenngott, Hannes G" uniqKey="Kenngott H" first="Hannes G." last="Kenngott">Hannes G. Kenngott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linke, Georg R" sort="Linke, Georg R" uniqKey="Linke G" first="Georg R." last="Linke">Georg R. Linke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kadmon, Martina" sort="Kadmon, Martina" uniqKey="Kadmon M" first="Martina" last="Kadmon">Martina Kadmon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fischer, Lars" sort="Fischer, Lars" uniqKey="Fischer L" first="Lars" last="Fischer">Lars Fischer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muller Stich, Beat P" sort="Muller Stich, Beat P" uniqKey="Muller Stich B" first="Beat P." last="Müller-Stich">Beat P. Müller-Stich</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Medicine</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0025-7974</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1536-5964</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>This study compared virtual reality (VR) training with low cost-blended learning (BL) in a structured training program.</p>
<p>Training of laparoscopic skills outside the operating room is mandatory to reduce operative times and risks.</p>
<p>Laparoscopy-naïve medical students were randomized in 2 groups stratified for sex. The BL group (n = 42) used E-learning for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and practiced basic skills with box trainers. The VR group (n = 42) trained basic skills and LC on the LAP Mentor II (Simbionix, Cleveland, OH). Each group trained 3 × 4 hours followed by a knowledge test concerning LC. Blinded raters assessed the operative performance of cadaveric porcine LC using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). The LC was discontinued when it was not completed within 80 min. Students evaluated their training modality with questionnaires.</p>
<p>The VR group completed the LC significantly faster and more often within 80 min than BL (45% v 21%,
<italic>P</italic>
 = .02). The BL group scored higher than the VR group in the knowledge test (13.3 ± 1.3 vs 11.0 ± 1.7,
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.001). Both groups showed equal operative performance of LC in the OSATS score (49.4 ± 10.5 vs 49.7 ± 12.0,
<italic>P</italic>
 = 0.90). Students generally liked training and felt well prepared for assisting in laparoscopic surgery. The efficiency of the training was judged higher by the VR group than by the BL group.</p>
<p>VR and BL can both be applied for training the basics of LC. Multimodality training programs should be developed that combine the advantages of both approaches.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Greene, Fl" uniqKey="Greene F">FL Greene</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kercher, Kw" uniqKey="Kercher K">KW Kercher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nelson, H" uniqKey="Nelson H">H Nelson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harrysson, Ij" uniqKey="Harrysson I">IJ Harrysson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cook, J" uniqKey="Cook J">J Cook</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sirimanna, P" uniqKey="Sirimanna P">P Sirimanna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Dongen, Kw" uniqKey="Van Dongen K">KW van Dongen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahlberg, G" uniqKey="Ahlberg G">G Ahlberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bonavina, L" uniqKey="Bonavina L">L Bonavina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schijven, Mp" uniqKey="Schijven M">MP Schijven</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jakimowicz, Jj" uniqKey="Jakimowicz J">JJ Jakimowicz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Broeders, Ia" uniqKey="Broeders I">IA Broeders</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grantcharov, Tp" uniqKey="Grantcharov T">TP Grantcharov</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eriksen, Jr" uniqKey="Eriksen J">JR Eriksen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ward, J" uniqKey="Ward J">J Ward</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Balasundaram, I" uniqKey="Balasundaram I">I Balasundaram</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seymour, Ne" uniqKey="Seymour N">NE Seymour</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallagher, Ag" uniqKey="Gallagher A">AG Gallagher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roman, Sa" uniqKey="Roman S">SA Roman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sutherland, Lm" uniqKey="Sutherland L">LM Sutherland</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Middleton, Pf" uniqKey="Middleton P">PF Middleton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anthony, A" uniqKey="Anthony A">A Anthony</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Velthoven, Rf" uniqKey="Van Velthoven R">RF van Velthoven</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoffmann, P" uniqKey="Hoffmann P">P Hoffmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Undre, S" uniqKey="Undre S">S Undre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagendran, M" uniqKey="Nagendran M">M Nagendran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Toon, Cd" uniqKey="Toon C">CD Toon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Davidson, Br" uniqKey="Davidson B">BR Davidson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palter, Vn" uniqKey="Palter V">VN Palter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grantcharov, Tp" uniqKey="Grantcharov T">TP Grantcharov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palter, Vn" uniqKey="Palter V">VN Palter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Orzech, N" uniqKey="Orzech N">N Orzech</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reznick, Rk" uniqKey="Reznick R">RK Reznick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Strandbygaard, J" uniqKey="Strandbygaard J">J Strandbygaard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bjerrum, F" uniqKey="Bjerrum F">F Bjerrum</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maagaard, M" uniqKey="Maagaard M">M Maagaard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nickel, F" uniqKey="Nickel F">F Nickel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bintintan, Vv" uniqKey="Bintintan V">VV Bintintan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gehrig, T" uniqKey="Gehrig T">T Gehrig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Orzech, N" uniqKey="Orzech N">N Orzech</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palter, Vn" uniqKey="Palter V">VN Palter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reznick, Rk" uniqKey="Reznick R">RK Reznick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pape Koehler, C" uniqKey="Pape Koehler C">C Pape-Koehler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chmelik, C" uniqKey="Chmelik C">C Chmelik</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aslund, Am" uniqKey="Aslund A">AM Aslund</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pape Koehler, C" uniqKey="Pape Koehler C">C Pape-Koehler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Immenroth, M" uniqKey="Immenroth M">M Immenroth</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sauerland, S" uniqKey="Sauerland S">S Sauerland</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graafland, M" uniqKey="Graafland M">M Graafland</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schraagen, Jm" uniqKey="Schraagen J">JM Schraagen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schijven, Mp" uniqKey="Schijven M">MP Schijven</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Evgeniou, E" uniqKey="Evgeniou E">E Evgeniou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loizou, P" uniqKey="Loizou P">P Loizou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Funke, K" uniqKey="Funke K">K Funke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bonrath, E" uniqKey="Bonrath E">E Bonrath</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mardin, Wa" uniqKey="Mardin W">WA Mardin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kadmon, M" uniqKey="Kadmon M">M Kadmon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Busemann, A" uniqKey="Busemann A">A Busemann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Euteneier, A" uniqKey="Euteneier A">A Euteneier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rieger, Um" uniqKey="Rieger U">UM Rieger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pierer, K" uniqKey="Pierer K">K Pierer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farhadi, J" uniqKey="Farhadi J">J Farhadi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gurusamy, Ks" uniqKey="Gurusamy K">KS Gurusamy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagendran, M" uniqKey="Nagendran M">M Nagendran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Toon, Cd" uniqKey="Toon C">CD Toon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagendran, M" uniqKey="Nagendran M">M Nagendran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gurusamy, Ks" uniqKey="Gurusamy K">KS Gurusamy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gurusamy, Ks" uniqKey="Gurusamy K">KS Gurusamy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palanivelu, L" uniqKey="Palanivelu L">L Palanivelu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sturm, Lp" uniqKey="Sturm L">LP Sturm</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Windsor, Ja" uniqKey="Windsor J">JA Windsor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cosman, Ph" uniqKey="Cosman P">PH Cosman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Larsen, Cr" uniqKey="Larsen C">CR Larsen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oestergaard, J" uniqKey="Oestergaard J">J Oestergaard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ottesen, Bs" uniqKey="Ottesen B">BS Ottesen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crochet, P" uniqKey="Crochet P">P Crochet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dias, A" uniqKey="Dias A">A Dias</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mutter, D" uniqKey="Mutter D">D Mutter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vix, M" uniqKey="Vix M">M Vix</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dallemagne, B" uniqKey="Dallemagne B">B Dallemagne</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clerici, T" uniqKey="Clerici T">T Clerici</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lange, J" uniqKey="Lange J">J Lange</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zerz, A" uniqKey="Zerz A">A Zerz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Szinicz, G" uniqKey="Szinicz G">G Szinicz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beller, S" uniqKey="Beller S">S Beller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bodner, W" uniqKey="Bodner W">W Bodner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Szinicz, G" uniqKey="Szinicz G">G Szinicz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beller, S" uniqKey="Beller S">S Beller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zerz, A" uniqKey="Zerz A">A Zerz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Hove, Pd" uniqKey="Van Hove P">PD van Hove</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tuijthof, Gj" uniqKey="Tuijthof G">GJ Tuijthof</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Verdaasdonk, Eg" uniqKey="Verdaasdonk E">EG Verdaasdonk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sarker, Sk" uniqKey="Sarker S">SK Sarker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chang, A" uniqKey="Chang A">A Chang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vincent, C" uniqKey="Vincent C">C Vincent</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Team, Rcr" uniqKey="Team R">RCR Team</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diesen, Dl" uniqKey="Diesen D">DL Diesen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Erhunmwunsee, L" uniqKey="Erhunmwunsee L">L Erhunmwunsee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bennett, Km" uniqKey="Bennett K">KM Bennett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Debes, Aj" uniqKey="Debes A">AJ Debes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Balasundaram, I" uniqKey="Balasundaram I">I Balasundaram</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moorthy, K" uniqKey="Moorthy K">K Moorthy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aggarwal, R" uniqKey="Aggarwal R">R Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, G" uniqKey="Wong G">G Wong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Greenhalgh, T" uniqKey="Greenhalgh T">T Greenhalgh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pawson, R" uniqKey="Pawson R">R Pawson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Immenroth, M" uniqKey="Immenroth M">M Immenroth</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Burger, T" uniqKey="Burger T">T Bürger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brenner, J" uniqKey="Brenner J">J Brenner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagelschmidt, M" uniqKey="Nagelschmidt M">M Nagelschmidt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ebersp Cher, H" uniqKey="Ebersp Cher H">H Eberspächer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Troidl, H" uniqKey="Troidl H">H Troidl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clevin, L" uniqKey="Clevin L">L Clevin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grantcharov, Tp" uniqKey="Grantcharov T">TP Grantcharov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baxter, N" uniqKey="Baxter N">N Baxter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cohen, R" uniqKey="Cohen R">R Cohen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcleod, R" uniqKey="Mcleod R">R McLeod</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madan, Ak" uniqKey="Madan A">AK Madan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harper, Jl" uniqKey="Harper J">JL Harper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frantzides, Ct" uniqKey="Frantzides C">CT Frantzides</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thorson, Cm" uniqKey="Thorson C">CM Thorson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, Jp" uniqKey="Kelly J">JP Kelly</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Forse, Ra" uniqKey="Forse R">RA Forse</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grantcharov, Tp" uniqKey="Grantcharov T">TP Grantcharov</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bardram, L" uniqKey="Bardram L">L Bardram</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Funch Jensen, P" uniqKey="Funch Jensen P">P Funch-Jensen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hiemstra, E" uniqKey="Hiemstra E">E Hiemstra</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kolkman, W" uniqKey="Kolkman W">W Kolkman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wolterbeek, R" uniqKey="Wolterbeek R">R Wolterbeek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kundhal, Ps" uniqKey="Kundhal P">PS Kundhal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grantcharov, Tp" uniqKey="Grantcharov T">TP Grantcharov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zendejas, B" uniqKey="Zendejas B">B Zendejas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cook, Da" uniqKey="Cook D">DA Cook</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bingener, J" uniqKey="Bingener J">J Bingener</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list></list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Brzoska, Julia A" sort="Brzoska, Julia A" uniqKey="Brzoska J" first="Julia A." last="Brzoska">Julia A. Brzoska</name>
<name sortKey="Chu, Jackson" sort="Chu, Jackson" uniqKey="Chu J" first="Jackson" last="Chu">Jackson Chu</name>
<name sortKey="Fischer, Lars" sort="Fischer, Lars" uniqKey="Fischer L" first="Lars" last="Fischer">Lars Fischer</name>
<name sortKey="Gondan, Matthias" sort="Gondan, Matthias" uniqKey="Gondan M" first="Matthias" last="Gondan">Matthias Gondan</name>
<name sortKey="Kadmon, Martina" sort="Kadmon, Martina" uniqKey="Kadmon M" first="Martina" last="Kadmon">Martina Kadmon</name>
<name sortKey="Kenngott, Hannes G" sort="Kenngott, Hannes G" uniqKey="Kenngott H" first="Hannes G." last="Kenngott">Hannes G. Kenngott</name>
<name sortKey="Linke, Georg R" sort="Linke, Georg R" uniqKey="Linke G" first="Georg R." last="Linke">Georg R. Linke</name>
<name sortKey="Muller Stich, Beat P" sort="Muller Stich, Beat P" uniqKey="Muller Stich B" first="Beat P." last="Müller-Stich">Beat P. Müller-Stich</name>
<name sortKey="Nickel, Felix" sort="Nickel, Felix" uniqKey="Nickel F" first="Felix" last="Nickel">Felix Nickel</name>
<name sortKey="Rangnick, Henriette M" sort="Rangnick, Henriette M" uniqKey="Rangnick H" first="Henriette M." last="Rangnick">Henriette M. Rangnick</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000405 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000405 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Ticri/CIDE
   |area=    HapticV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4602875
   |texte=   Virtual Reality Training Versus Blended Learning of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:25997044" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23.
Data generation: Mon Jun 13 01:09:46 2016. Site generation: Wed Mar 6 09:54:07 2024