Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation
Identifieur interne : 000858 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000857; suivant : 000859Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation
Auteurs : Wai-Man Pang ; Jing Qin ; Yim-Pan Chui ; Tien-Tsin Wong ; Kwok-Sui Leung ; Pheng-Ann HengSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title><author><name sortKey="Pang, Wai Man" sort="Pang, Wai Man" uniqKey="Pang W" first="Wai-Man" last="Pang">Wai-Man Pang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Jing" sort="Qin, Jing" uniqKey="Qin J" first="Jing" last="Qin">Jing Qin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chui, Yim Pan" sort="Chui, Yim Pan" uniqKey="Chui Y" first="Yim-Pan" last="Chui">Yim-Pan Chui</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Tien Tsin" sort="Wong, Tien Tsin" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tien-Tsin" last="Wong">Tien-Tsin Wong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Kwok Sui" sort="Leung, Kwok Sui" uniqKey="Leung K" first="Kwok-Sui" last="Leung">Kwok-Sui Leung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heng, Pheng Ann" sort="Heng, Pheng Ann" uniqKey="Heng P" first="Pheng-Ann" last="Heng">Pheng-Ann Heng</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4</idno><date when="2007" year="2007">2007</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000858</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title><author><name sortKey="Pang, Wai Man" sort="Pang, Wai Man" uniqKey="Pang W" first="Wai-Man" last="Pang">Wai-Man Pang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Jing" sort="Qin, Jing" uniqKey="Qin J" first="Jing" last="Qin">Jing Qin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chui, Yim Pan" sort="Chui, Yim Pan" uniqKey="Chui Y" first="Yim-Pan" last="Chui">Yim-Pan Chui</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Tien Tsin" sort="Wong, Tien Tsin" uniqKey="Wong T" first="Tien-Tsin" last="Wong">Tien-Tsin Wong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, Kwok Sui" sort="Leung, Kwok Sui" uniqKey="Leung K" first="Kwok-Sui" last="Leung">Kwok-Sui Leung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heng, Pheng Ann" sort="Heng, Pheng Ann" uniqKey="Heng P" first="Pheng-Ann" last="Heng">Pheng-Ann Heng</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="s">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><imprint><date>2007</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno></series><idno type="istex">95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</idno><idno type="ChapterID">102</idno><idno type="ChapterID">Chap102</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0302-9743</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Wai-Man Pang</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jing Qin</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yim-Pan Chui</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tien-Tsin Wong</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kwok-Sui Leung</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pheng-Ann Heng</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</json:string><json:string>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK,</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Abstract: This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>4.102</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>430 x 660 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>834</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2698</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>16683</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>117</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title><genre.original><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></genre.original><chapterId><json:string>102</json:string><json:string>Chap102</json:string></chapterId><genre><json:string>conference [eBooks]</json:string></genre><serie><editor><json:item><name>David Hutchison</name></json:item><json:item><name>Takeo Kanade</name></json:item><json:item><name>Josef Kittler</name></json:item><json:item><name>Jon M. Kleinberg</name></json:item><json:item><name>Friedemann Mattern</name></json:item><json:item><name>John C. Mitchell</name></json:item><json:item><name>Moni Naor</name></json:item><json:item><name>Oscar Nierstrasz</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. Pandu Rangan</name></json:item><json:item><name>Bernhard Steffen</name></json:item><json:item><name>Madhu Sudan</name></json:item><json:item><name>Demetri Terzopoulos</name></json:item><json:item><name>Doug Tygar</name></json:item><json:item><name>Moshe Y. Vardi</name></json:item><json:item><name>Gerhard Weikum</name></json:item></editor><issn><json:string>0302-9743</json:string></issn><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1611-3349</json:string></eissn><title>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate></serie><host><editor><json:item><name>Nicholas Ayache</name></json:item><json:item><name>Sébastien Ourselin</name></json:item><json:item><name>Anthony Maeder</name></json:item></editor><subject><json:item><value>Computer Science</value></json:item><json:item><value>Computer Science</value></json:item><json:item><value>Image Processing and Computer Vision</value></json:item><json:item><value>Pattern Recognition</value></json:item><json:item><value>Computer Graphics</value></json:item><json:item><value>Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</value></json:item><json:item><value>Imaging / Radiology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Health Informatics</value></json:item></subject><isbn><json:string>978-3-540-75758-0</json:string></isbn><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1611-3349</json:string></eissn><title>Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</title><genre.original><json:string>Proceedings</json:string></genre.original><bookId><json:string>978-3-540-75759-7</json:string></bookId><volume>4792</volume><pages><last>849</last><first>842</first></pages><issn><json:string>0302-9743</json:string></issn><genre><json:string>Book Series</json:string></genre><eisbn><json:string>978-3-540-75759-7</json:string></eisbn><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2007</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</json:string></doi><id>95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin, Heidelberg</pubPlace><availability><p>SPRINGER</p></availability><date>2007</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Wai-Man</forename><surname>Pang</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Jing</forename><surname>Qin</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Yim-Pan</forename><surname>Chui</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Tien-Tsin</forename><surname>Wong</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Kwok-Sui</forename><surname>Leung</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pheng-Ann</forename><surname>Heng</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,</affiliation><affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK,</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</title><title level="m" type="sub">10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part II</title><idno type="pISBN">978-3-540-75758-0</idno><idno type="eISBN">978-3-540-75759-7</idno><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7</idno><idno type="BookID">978-3-540-75759-7</idno><idno type="BookTitleID">157277</idno><idno type="BookSequenceNumber">4792</idno><idno type="BookVolumeNumber">4792</idno><idno type="BookChapterCount">117</idno><editor><persName><forename type="first">Nicholas</forename><surname>Ayache</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Sébastien</forename><surname>Ourselin</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Anthony</forename><surname>Maeder</surname></persName></editor><imprint><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin, Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007"></date><biblScope unit="volume">4792</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="842">842</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="849">849</biblScope></imprint></monogr><series><title level="s">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><editor><persName><forename type="first">David</forename><surname>Hutchison</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Takeo</forename><surname>Kanade</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Josef</forename><surname>Kittler</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jon</forename><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Kleinberg</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Friedemann</forename><surname>Mattern</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Mitchell</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moni</forename><surname>Naor</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Oscar</forename><surname>Nierstrasz</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Pandu Rangan</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Bernhard</forename><surname>Steffen</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Madhu</forename><surname>Sudan</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Demetri</forename><surname>Terzopoulos</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Doug</forename><surname>Tygar</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moshe</forename><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Vardi</surname></persName></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Gerhard</forename><surname>Weikum</surname></persName></editor><biblScope><date>2007</date></biblScope><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="seriesId">558</idno></series><idno type="istex">95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</idno><idno type="ChapterID">102</idno><idno type="ChapterID">Chap102</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Collection"><list><label>SUCO11645</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Group"><list><label>I</label><label>I22021</label><label>I2203X</label><label>I22013</label><label>I21017</label><label>H29005</label><label>H28009</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item><item><term>Image Processing and Computer Vision</term></item><item><term>Pattern Recognition</term></item><item><term>Computer Graphics</term></item><item><term>Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</term></item><item><term>Imaging / Radiology</term></item><item><term>Health Informatics</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-19">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Berlin, Heidelberg</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Series><SeriesInfo SeriesType="Series" TocLevels="0"><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><SeriesPrintISSN>0302-9743</SeriesPrintISSN><SeriesElectronicISSN>1611-3349</SeriesElectronicISSN><SeriesTitle Language="En">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</SeriesTitle></SeriesInfo><SeriesHeader><EditorGroup><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>David</GivenName><FamilyName>Hutchison</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Takeo</GivenName><FamilyName>Kanade</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Josef</GivenName><FamilyName>Kittler</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jon</GivenName><GivenName>M.</GivenName><FamilyName>Kleinberg</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Friedemann</GivenName><FamilyName>Mattern</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>John</GivenName><GivenName>C.</GivenName><FamilyName>Mitchell</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Moni</GivenName><FamilyName>Naor</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Oscar</GivenName><FamilyName>Nierstrasz</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>C.</GivenName><FamilyName>Pandu Rangan</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Bernhard</GivenName><FamilyName>Steffen</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Madhu</GivenName><FamilyName>Sudan</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Demetri</GivenName><FamilyName>Terzopoulos</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Doug</GivenName><FamilyName>Tygar</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Moshe</GivenName><GivenName>Y.</GivenName><FamilyName>Vardi</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Gerhard</GivenName><FamilyName>Weikum</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><Book Language="En"><BookInfo BookProductType="Proceedings" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" MediaType="eBook" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" OutputMedium="All" TocLevels="0"><BookID>978-3-540-75759-7</BookID><BookTitle>Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</BookTitle><BookSubTitle>10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part II</BookSubTitle><BookVolumeNumber>4792</BookVolumeNumber><BookSequenceNumber>4792</BookSequenceNumber><BookDOI>10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7</BookDOI><BookTitleID>157277</BookTitleID><BookPrintISBN>978-3-540-75758-0</BookPrintISBN><BookElectronicISBN>978-3-540-75759-7</BookElectronicISBN><BookChapterCount>117</BookChapterCount><BookCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2007</CopyrightYear></BookCopyright><BookSubjectGroup><BookSubject Code="I" Type="Primary">Computer Science</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I22021" Priority="1" Type="Secondary">Image Processing and Computer Vision</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I2203X" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Pattern Recognition</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I22013" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Computer Graphics</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I21017" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="H29005" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">Imaging / Radiology</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="H28009" Priority="6" Type="Secondary">Health Informatics</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Nicholas</GivenName><FamilyName>Ayache</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>nicholas.ayache@inria.fr</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Sébastien</GivenName><FamilyName>Ourselin</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>sebastien.ourselin@csiro.au</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Anthony</GivenName><FamilyName>Maeder</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>anthony.maeder@csiro.au</Email></Contact></Editor></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part13"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>13</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>13</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Computational Physiology - II</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>5</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap102" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>102</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>102</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>842</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>849</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2007</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>13</PartID><BookID>978-3-540-75759-7</BookID><BookTitle>Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Wai-Man</GivenName><FamilyName>Pang</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jing</GivenName><FamilyName>Qin</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Yim-Pan</GivenName><FamilyName>Chui</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Tien-Tsin</GivenName><FamilyName>Wong</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Kwok-Sui</GivenName><FamilyName>Leung</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1 Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Pheng-Ann</GivenName><FamilyName>Heng</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgName>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country> </Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgName>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country> </Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgName>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country> </Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.</Para></Abstract></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wai-Man</namePart><namePart type="family">Pang</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jing</namePart><namePart type="family">Qin</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yim-Pan</namePart><namePart type="family">Chui</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tien-Tsin</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kwok-Sui</namePart><namePart type="family">Leung</namePart><affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CUHK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pheng-Ann</namePart><namePart type="family">Heng</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</affiliation><affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Science/CUHK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference [eBooks]" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: This paper presents a novel orthopedics surgery training system with both the components for modeling as well as simulating the deformation and visualization in an efficient way. By employing techniques such as optimization, segmentation and center line extraction, the modeling of deformable model can be completed with minimal manual involvement. The novel trainer can simulate rigid body, soft tissue and blood with state-of-the-art techniques, so that convincing deformation and realistic bleeding can be achieved. More important, newly released Physics Processing Unit (PPU) is adopted to tackle the high requirement for physics related computations. Experiment shows that the acceleration gain from PPU is significant for maintaining interactive frame rate under a complex surgical environments of orthopedics surgery.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007</title><subTitle>10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part II</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicholas</namePart><namePart type="family">Ayache</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sébastien</namePart><namePart type="family">Ourselin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anthony</namePart><namePart type="family">Maeder</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="Book Series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book Subject Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer Science</topic></subject><subject><genre>Book Subject Group</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I">Computer Science</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I22021">Image Processing and Computer Vision</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I2203X">Pattern Recognition</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I22013">Computer Graphics</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I21017">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="H29005">Imaging / Radiology</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="H28009">Health Informatics</topic></subject><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7</identifier><identifier type="ISBN">978-3-540-75758-0</identifier><identifier type="eISBN">978-3-540-75759-7</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="BookTitleID">157277</identifier><identifier type="BookID">978-3-540-75759-7</identifier><identifier type="BookChapterCount">117</identifier><identifier type="BookVolumeNumber">4792</identifier><identifier type="BookSequenceNumber">4792</identifier><identifier type="PartChapterCount">5</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="part"><title>Computational Physiology - II</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>4792</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>842</start><end>849</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Takeo</namePart><namePart type="family">Kanade</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Kittler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oscar</namePart><namePart type="family">Nierstrasz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pandu Rangan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Steffen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Madhu</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Demetri</namePart><namePart type="family">Terzopoulos</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Doug</namePart><namePart type="family">Tygar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moshe</namePart><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vardi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gerhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Weikum</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate><issuance>serial</issuance></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="SeriesID">558</identifier><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-540-75759-7_102</identifier><identifier type="ChapterID">102</identifier><identifier type="ChapterID">Chap102</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:refBibTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4/enrichments/refBib"><teiHeader></teiHeader><text><front></front><body></body><back><listBibl><biblStruct xml:id="b0"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Orthopaedic surgery training simulation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Olga</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Alexei</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H</forename><forename type="middle">T</forename><surname>Sen</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology World Scientific</title><imprint><date type="published" when="2006"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b1"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Integrated Lower Extremity Trauma Simulator</title><author><persName><forename type="first">B</forename><forename type="middle">D</forename><surname>Anderson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">P</forename><surname>Nordquist</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E</forename><surname>Skarman</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><forename type="middle">T</forename><surname>Boies</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><forename type="middle">B</forename><surname>Anderson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><forename type="middle">B</forename><surname>Carmack</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality</title><meeting>Medicine Meets Virtual Reality<address><addrLine>Amsterdam</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>IOS Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2006"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="19" to="24"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b2"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Report of a group developing a virtual reality simulator for arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint</title><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><forename type="middle">D</forename><surname>Cannon</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><forename type="middle">G</forename><surname>Eckhoff</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><forename type="middle">E</forename><surname>Garrett</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><forename type="middle">E</forename><surname>Hunter</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H</forename><forename type="middle">J</forename><surname>Sweeney</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">442</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="21" to="29"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2006"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b3"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Passive haptics in a knee arthroscopy simulator: Is it valid for core skills training?</title><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><forename type="middle">D</forename><surname>Mccarthy</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Moody</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><forename type="middle">R</forename><surname>Waterworth</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><forename type="middle">R</forename><surname>Bickerstaff</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">442</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="13" to="20"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2006"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b4"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The united states military's thigh trauma simulator</title><author><persName><forename type="first">K</forename><surname>Reinig</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Lee</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Rubinstein</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Bagur</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V</forename><surname>Spitzer</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">442</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="45" to="56"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2006"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b5"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Mass-spring systems on the gpu</title><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Georgii</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Westermann</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="693" to="702"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2005"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b6"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A gpu accelerated spring-mass system for surgical simulation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Mosegaard</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><forename type="middle">S</forename><surname>Sorensen</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">MMVR 2005. Proceedings of 13th Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR)</title><imprint><date type="published" when="2005"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="342" to="348"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b7"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Physically based deformablemodelsincomputergraphics</title><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Nealen</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Muller</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Keiser</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E</forename><surname>Boxerman</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Carlson</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="2005"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="809" to="836"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b8"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Viscoelastic properties of human skin and processed dermis</title><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><forename type="middle">H</forename><surname>Silver</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><forename type="middle">W</forename><surname>Freeman</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Devore</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Skin Research and Technology</title><imprint><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="18" to="23"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2001"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b9"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications</title><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Müller</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Charypar</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Gross</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">SCA 2003. Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIG- GRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, Eurographics Association</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><date type="published" when="2003"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="154" to="159"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b10"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Interactive blood simulation for virtual surgery based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Technol</title><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Müller</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Schirm</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Teschner</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Health Care</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="25" to="31"></biblScope><date type="published" when="2004"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></listBibl></back></text></istex:refBibTEI></enrichments></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000858 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000858 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Ticri/CIDE
|area= HapticV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:95EC0603789AB38EF2C8F8C17C4999EC6E7F4EC4
|texte= Orthopedics Surgery Trainer with PPU-Accelerated Blood and Tissue Simulation
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |