Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers
Identifieur interne : 000145 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000144; suivant : 000146Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers
Auteurs : Allie K. Adams ; Trisha M. Wise-Draper ; Susanne I. WellsSource :
- Cancers [ 2072-6694 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widely publicized and researched pathogenic DNA viruses. For decades, HPV research has focused on transforming viral activities in cervical cancer. During the past 15 years, however, HPV has also emerged as a major etiological agent in cancers of the head and neck, in particular squamous cell carcinoma. Even with significant strides achieved towards the screening and treatment of cervical cancer, and preventive vaccines, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths for women in developing countries. Furthermore, routine screens are not available for those at risk of head and neck cancer. The current expectation is that HPV vaccination will prevent not only cervical, but also head and neck cancers. In order to determine if previous cervical cancer models for HPV infection and transformation are directly applicable to head and neck cancer, clinical and molecular disease aspects must be carefully compared. In this review, we briefly discuss the cervical and head and neck cancer literature to highlight clinical and genomic commonalities. Differences in prognosis, staging and treatment, as well as comparisons of mutational profiles, viral integration patterns, and alterations in gene expression will be addressed.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031793
PubMed: 25226287
PubMed Central: 4190568
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4190568Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, Allie K" sort="Adams, Allie K" uniqKey="Adams A" first="Allie K." last="Adams">Allie K. Adams</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cancers-06-01793">Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>allie.varner@cchmc.org</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wise Draper, Trisha M" sort="Wise Draper, Trisha M" uniqKey="Wise Draper T" first="Trisha M." last="Wise-Draper">Trisha M. Wise-Draper</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-cancers-06-01793">Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>wiseth@uc.edu</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wells, Susanne I" sort="Wells, Susanne I" uniqKey="Wells S" first="Susanne I." last="Wells">Susanne I. Wells</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cancers-06-01793">Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>allie.varner@cchmc.org</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25226287</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4190568</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190568</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4190568</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3390/cancers6031793</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000145</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000145</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, Allie K" sort="Adams, Allie K" uniqKey="Adams A" first="Allie K." last="Adams">Allie K. Adams</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cancers-06-01793">Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>allie.varner@cchmc.org</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wise Draper, Trisha M" sort="Wise Draper, Trisha M" uniqKey="Wise Draper T" first="Trisha M." last="Wise-Draper">Trisha M. Wise-Draper</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-cancers-06-01793">Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>wiseth@uc.edu</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wells, Susanne I" sort="Wells, Susanne I" uniqKey="Wells S" first="Susanne I." last="Wells">Susanne I. Wells</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-cancers-06-01793">Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>allie.varner@cchmc.org</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Cancers</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2072-6694</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widely publicized and researched pathogenic DNA viruses. For decades, HPV research has focused on transforming viral activities in cervical cancer. During the past 15 years, however, HPV has also emerged as a major etiological agent in cancers of the head and neck, in particular squamous cell carcinoma. Even with significant strides achieved towards the screening and treatment of cervical cancer, and preventive vaccines, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths for women in developing countries. Furthermore, routine screens are not available for those at risk of head and neck cancer. The current expectation is that HPV vaccination will prevent not only cervical, but also head and neck cancers. In order to determine if previous cervical cancer models for HPV infection and transformation are directly applicable to head and neck cancer, clinical and molecular disease aspects must be carefully compared. In this review, we briefly discuss the cervical and head and neck cancer literature to highlight clinical and genomic commonalities. Differences in prognosis, staging and treatment, as well as comparisons of mutational profiles, viral integration patterns, and alterations in gene expression will be addressed.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Doorslaer, K" uniqKey="Van Doorslaer K">K. Van Doorslaer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, Q" uniqKey="Tan Q">Q. Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xirasagar, S" uniqKey="Xirasagar S">S. Xirasagar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bandaru, S" uniqKey="Bandaru S">S. Bandaru</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gopalan, V" uniqKey="Gopalan V">V. Gopalan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamoud, Y" uniqKey="Mohamoud Y">Y. Mohamoud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huyen, Y" uniqKey="Huyen Y">Y. Huyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcbride, A A" uniqKey="Mcbride A">A.A. McBride</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Villiers, E M" uniqKey="De Villiers E">E.M. De Villiers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fauquet, C" uniqKey="Fauquet C">C. Fauquet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernard, H U" uniqKey="Bernard H">H.U. Bernard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zur Hausen, H" uniqKey="Zur Hausen H">H. zur Hausen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Villiers, E M" uniqKey="De Villiers E">E.M. De Villiers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gissmann, L" uniqKey="Gissmann L">L. Gissmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zur Hausen, H" uniqKey="Zur Hausen H">H. zur Hausen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gissmann, L" uniqKey="Gissmann L">L. Gissmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zur Hausen, H" uniqKey="Zur Hausen H">H. zur Hausen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chesson, H W" uniqKey="Chesson H">H.W. Chesson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ekwueme, D U" uniqKey="Ekwueme D">D.U. Ekwueme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saraiya, M" uniqKey="Saraiya M">M. Saraiya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, M" uniqKey="Watson M">M. Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowy, D R" uniqKey="Lowy D">D.R. Lowy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Markowitz, L E" uniqKey="Markowitz L">L.E. Markowitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, A K" uniqKey="Chaturvedi A">A.K. Chaturvedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Engels, E A" uniqKey="Engels E">E.A. Engels</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, R M" uniqKey="Pfeiffer R">R.M. Pfeiffer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hernandez, B Y" uniqKey="Hernandez B">B.Y. Hernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, W" uniqKey="Xiao W">W. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, E" uniqKey="Kim E">E. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, B" uniqKey="Jiang B">B. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodman, M T" uniqKey="Goodman M">M.T. Goodman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sibug Saber, M" uniqKey="Sibug Saber M">M. Sibug-Saber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cozen, W" uniqKey="Cozen W">W. Cozen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Ouza, G" uniqKey="D Ouza G">G. D’Souza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agrawal, Y" uniqKey="Agrawal Y">Y. Agrawal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halpern, J" uniqKey="Halpern J">J. Halpern</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bodison, S" uniqKey="Bodison S">S. Bodison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koch, W M" uniqKey="Koch W">W.M. Koch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capone, R B" uniqKey="Capone R">R.B. Capone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spafford, M" uniqKey="Spafford M">M. Spafford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Westra, W H" uniqKey="Westra W">W.H. Westra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, L" uniqKey="Wu L">L. Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zahurak, M L" uniqKey="Zahurak M">M.L. Zahurak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniel, R W" uniqKey="Daniel R">R.W. Daniel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viglione, M" uniqKey="Viglione M">M. Viglione</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Symer, D E" uniqKey="Symer D">D.E. Symer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klussmann, J P" uniqKey="Klussmann J">J.P. Klussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weissenborn, S J" uniqKey="Weissenborn S">S.J. Weissenborn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wieland, U" uniqKey="Wieland U">U. Wieland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dries, V" uniqKey="Dries V">V. Dries</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolligs, J" uniqKey="Kolligs J">J. Kolligs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jungehuelsing, M" uniqKey="Jungehuelsing M">M. Jungehuelsing</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eckel, H E" uniqKey="Eckel H">H.E. Eckel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dienes, H P" uniqKey="Dienes H">H.P. Dienes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfister, H J" uniqKey="Pfister H">H.J. Pfister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuchs, P G" uniqKey="Fuchs P">P.G. Fuchs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klussmann, J P" uniqKey="Klussmann J">J.P. Klussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mooren, J J" uniqKey="Mooren J">J.J. Mooren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehnen, M" uniqKey="Lehnen M">M. Lehnen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Claessen, S M" uniqKey="Claessen S">S.M. Claessen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stenner, M" uniqKey="Stenner M">M. Stenner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huebbers, C U" uniqKey="Huebbers C">C.U. Huebbers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weissenborn, S J" uniqKey="Weissenborn S">S.J. Weissenborn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wedemeyer, I" uniqKey="Wedemeyer I">I. Wedemeyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preuss, S F" uniqKey="Preuss S">S.F. Preuss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Straetmans, J M" uniqKey="Straetmans J">J.M. Straetmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langevin, S M" uniqKey="Langevin S">S.M. Langevin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grandis, J R" uniqKey="Grandis J">J.R. Grandis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taioli, E" uniqKey="Taioli E">E. Taioli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chung, S H" uniqKey="Chung S">S.H. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiedmeyer, K" uniqKey="Wiedmeyer K">K. Wiedmeyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shai, A" uniqKey="Shai A">A. Shai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Korach, K S" uniqKey="Korach K">K.S. Korach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spurgeon, M E" uniqKey="Spurgeon M">M.E. Spurgeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, S H" uniqKey="Chung S">S.H. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cortes Malagon, E M" uniqKey="Cortes Malagon E">E.M. Cortes-Malagon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonilla Delgado, J" uniqKey="Bonilla Delgado J">J. Bonilla-Delgado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diaz Chavez, J" uniqKey="Diaz Chavez J">J. Diaz-Chavez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hidalgo Miranda, A" uniqKey="Hidalgo Miranda A">A. Hidalgo-Miranda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romero Cordoba, S" uniqKey="Romero Cordoba S">S. Romero-Cordoba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uren, A" uniqKey="Uren A">A. Uren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Celik, H" uniqKey="Celik H">H. Celik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccormick, M" uniqKey="Mccormick M">M. McCormick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munguia Moreno, J A" uniqKey="Munguia Moreno J">J.A. Munguia-Moreno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibarra Sierra, E" uniqKey="Ibarra Sierra E">E. Ibarra-Sierra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Son, J" uniqKey="Son J">J. Son</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, J W" uniqKey="Park J">J.W. Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, S H" uniqKey="Chung S">S.H. Chung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hang, D" uniqKey="Hang D">D. Hang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, L" uniqKey="Gao L">L. Gao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, M" uniqKey="Sun M">M. Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y. Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ke, Y" uniqKey="Ke Y">Y. Ke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cornet, I" uniqKey="Cornet I">I. Cornet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gheit, T" uniqKey="Gheit T">T. Gheit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iannacone, M R" uniqKey="Iannacone M">M.R. Iannacone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vignat, J" uniqKey="Vignat J">J. Vignat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sylla, B S" uniqKey="Sylla B">B.S. Sylla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Mistro, A" uniqKey="Del Mistro A">A. del Mistro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tommasino, M" uniqKey="Tommasino M">M. Tommasino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clifford, G M" uniqKey="Clifford G">G.M. Clifford</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yamada, T" uniqKey="Yamada T">T. Yamada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manos, M M" uniqKey="Manos M">M.M. Manos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peto, J" uniqKey="Peto J">J. Peto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greer, C E" uniqKey="Greer C">C.E. Greer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munoz, N" uniqKey="Munoz N">N. Munoz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosch, F X" uniqKey="Bosch F">F.X. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, C M" uniqKey="Wheeler C">C.M. Wheeler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freitas, L B" uniqKey="Freitas L">L.B. Freitas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Z" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muqui, E F" uniqKey="Muqui E">E.F. Muqui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boldrini, N A" uniqKey="Boldrini N">N.A. Boldrini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miranda, A E" uniqKey="Miranda A">A.E. Miranda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spano, L C" uniqKey="Spano L">L.C. Spano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burk, R D" uniqKey="Burk R">R.D. Burk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berumen, J" uniqKey="Berumen J">J. Berumen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ordonez, R M" uniqKey="Ordonez R">R.M. Ordonez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lazcano, E" uniqKey="Lazcano E">E. Lazcano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salmeron, J" uniqKey="Salmeron J">J. Salmeron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galvan, S C" uniqKey="Galvan S">S.C. Galvan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Estrada, R A" uniqKey="Estrada R">R.A. Estrada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yunes, E" uniqKey="Yunes E">E. Yunes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Carranca, A" uniqKey="Garcia Carranca A">A. Garcia-Carranca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Lira, G" uniqKey="Gonzalez Lira G">G. Gonzalez-Lira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madrigal De La Campa, A" uniqKey="Madrigal De La Campa A">A. Madrigal-de la Campa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villa, L L" uniqKey="Villa L">L.L. Villa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sichero, L" uniqKey="Sichero L">L. Sichero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahal, P" uniqKey="Rahal P">P. Rahal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caballero, O" uniqKey="Caballero O">O. Caballero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferenczy, A" uniqKey="Ferenczy A">A. Ferenczy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohan, T" uniqKey="Rohan T">T. Rohan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franco, E L" uniqKey="Franco E">E.L. Franco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xi, L F" uniqKey="Xi L">L.F. Xi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koutsky, L A" uniqKey="Koutsky L">L.A. Koutsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hildesheim, A" uniqKey="Hildesheim A">A. Hildesheim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galloway, D A" uniqKey="Galloway D">D.A. Galloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, C M" uniqKey="Wheeler C">C.M. Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winer, R L" uniqKey="Winer R">R.L. Winer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ho, J" uniqKey="Ho J">J. Ho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiviat, N B" uniqKey="Kiviat N">N.B. Kiviat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niccoli, S" uniqKey="Niccoli S">S. Niccoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abraham, S" uniqKey="Abraham S">S. Abraham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richard, C" uniqKey="Richard C">C. Richard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zehbe, I" uniqKey="Zehbe I">I. Zehbe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Betiol, J" uniqKey="Betiol J">J. Betiol</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villa, L L" uniqKey="Villa L">L.L. Villa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sichero, L" uniqKey="Sichero L">L. Sichero</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Du, J" uniqKey="Du J">J. Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nordfors, C" uniqKey="Nordfors C">C. Nordfors</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nasman, A" uniqKey="Nasman A">A. Nasman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobkowiak, M" uniqKey="Sobkowiak M">M. Sobkowiak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romanitan, M" uniqKey="Romanitan M">M. Romanitan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dalianis, T" uniqKey="Dalianis T">T. Dalianis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramqvist, T" uniqKey="Ramqvist T">T. Ramqvist</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Z M" uniqKey="Zheng Z">Z.M. Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baker, C C" uniqKey="Baker C">C.C. Baker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernard, B A" uniqKey="Bernard B">B.A. Bernard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bailly, C" uniqKey="Bailly C">C. Bailly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lenoir, M C" uniqKey="Lenoir M">M.C. Lenoir</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Darmon, M" uniqKey="Darmon M">M. Darmon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thierry, F" uniqKey="Thierry F">F. Thierry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaniv, M" uniqKey="Yaniv M">M. Yaniv</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Demeret, C" uniqKey="Demeret C">C. Demeret</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Desaintes, C" uniqKey="Desaintes C">C. Desaintes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaniv, M" uniqKey="Yaniv M">M. Yaniv</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thierry, F" uniqKey="Thierry F">F. Thierry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phelps, W C" uniqKey="Phelps W">W.C. Phelps</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiang, C M" uniqKey="Chiang C">C.M. Chiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ustav, M" uniqKey="Ustav M">M. Ustav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stenlund, A" uniqKey="Stenlund A">A. Stenlund</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ho, T F" uniqKey="Ho T">T.F. Ho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, L T" uniqKey="Chow L">L.T. Chow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doorbar, J" uniqKey="Doorbar J">J. Doorbar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doorbar, J" uniqKey="Doorbar J">J. Doorbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ely, S" uniqKey="Ely S">S. Ely</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sterling, J" uniqKey="Sterling J">J. Sterling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclean, C" uniqKey="Mclean C">C. McLean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, L" uniqKey="Crawford L">L. Crawford</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schiller, J T" uniqKey="Schiller J">J.T. Schiller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Day, P M" uniqKey="Day P">P.M. Day</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kines, R C" uniqKey="Kines R">R.C. Kines</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giroglou, T" uniqKey="Giroglou T">T. Giroglou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Florin, L" uniqKey="Florin L">L. Florin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schafer, F" uniqKey="Schafer F">F. Schafer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Streeck, R E" uniqKey="Streeck R">R.E. Streeck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sapp, M" uniqKey="Sapp M">M. Sapp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, K M" uniqKey="Johnson K">K.M. Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kines, R C" uniqKey="Kines R">R.C. Kines</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, J N" uniqKey="Roberts J">J.N. Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowy, D R" uniqKey="Lowy D">D.R. Lowy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schiller, J T" uniqKey="Schiller J">J.T. Schiller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Day, P M" uniqKey="Day P">P.M. Day</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abban, C Y" uniqKey="Abban C">C.Y. Abban</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meneses, P I" uniqKey="Meneses P">P.I. Meneses</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumar, A" uniqKey="Kumar A">A. Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacob, T" uniqKey="Jacob T">T. Jacob</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abban, C Y" uniqKey="Abban C">C.Y. Abban</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meneses, P I" uniqKey="Meneses P">P.I. Meneses</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aksoy, P" uniqKey="Aksoy P">P. Aksoy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abban, C Y" uniqKey="Abban C">C.Y. Abban</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiyashka, E" uniqKey="Kiyashka E">E. Kiyashka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiang, W" uniqKey="Qiang W">W. Qiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meneses, P I" uniqKey="Meneses P">P.I. Meneses</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Surviladze, Z" uniqKey="Surviladze Z">Z. Surviladze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dziduszko, A" uniqKey="Dziduszko A">A. Dziduszko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozbun, M A" uniqKey="Ozbun M">M.A. Ozbun</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cruz, L" uniqKey="Cruz L">L. Cruz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyers, C" uniqKey="Meyers C">C. Meyers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fehrmann, F" uniqKey="Fehrmann F">F. Fehrmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laimins, L A" uniqKey="Laimins L">L.A. Laimins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bodily, J" uniqKey="Bodily J">J. Bodily</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laimins, L A" uniqKey="Laimins L">L.A. Laimins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cheng, S" uniqKey="Cheng S">S. Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt Grimminger, D C" uniqKey="Schmidt Grimminger D">D.C. Schmidt-Grimminger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murant, T" uniqKey="Murant T">T. Murant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, L T" uniqKey="Chow L">L.T. Chow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moody, C A" uniqKey="Moody C">C.A. Moody</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laimins, L A" uniqKey="Laimins L">L.A. Laimins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stubenrauch, F" uniqKey="Stubenrauch F">F. Stubenrauch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hummel, M" uniqKey="Hummel M">M. Hummel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iftner, T" uniqKey="Iftner T">T. Iftner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laimins, L A" uniqKey="Laimins L">L.A. Laimins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Straub, E" uniqKey="Straub E">E. Straub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dreer, M" uniqKey="Dreer M">M. Dreer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fertey, J" uniqKey="Fertey J">J. Fertey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iftner, T" uniqKey="Iftner T">T. Iftner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stubenrauch, F" uniqKey="Stubenrauch F">F. Stubenrauch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lace, M J" uniqKey="Lace M">M.J. Lace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anson, J R" uniqKey="Anson J">J.R. Anson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, G S" uniqKey="Thomas G">G.S. Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turek, L P" uniqKey="Turek L">L.P. Turek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haugen, T H" uniqKey="Haugen T">T.H. Haugen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcbride, A A" uniqKey="Mcbride A">A.A. McBride</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliveira, J G" uniqKey="Oliveira J">J.G. Oliveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcphillips, M G" uniqKey="Mcphillips M">M.G. McPhillips</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="You, J" uniqKey="You J">J. You</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Croyle, J L" uniqKey="Croyle J">J.L. Croyle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nishimura, A" uniqKey="Nishimura A">A. Nishimura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozato, K" uniqKey="Ozato K">K. Ozato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vinokurova, S" uniqKey="Vinokurova S">S. Vinokurova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wentzensen, N" uniqKey="Wentzensen N">N. Wentzensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraus, I" uniqKey="Kraus I">I. Kraus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klaes, R" uniqKey="Klaes R">R. Klaes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driesch, C" uniqKey="Driesch C">C. Driesch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melsheimer, P" uniqKey="Melsheimer P">P. Melsheimer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kisseljov, F" uniqKey="Kisseljov F">F. Kisseljov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durst, M" uniqKey="Durst M">M. Durst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, A" uniqKey="Schneider A">A. Schneider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Knebel Doeberitz, M" uniqKey="Von Knebel Doeberitz M">M. von Knebel Doeberitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, P P" uniqKey="Smith P">P.P. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedman, C L" uniqKey="Friedman C">C.L. Friedman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bryant, E M" uniqKey="Bryant E">E.M. Bryant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdougall, J K" uniqKey="Mcdougall J">J.K. McDougall</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pett, M R" uniqKey="Pett M">M.R. Pett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alazawi, W O" uniqKey="Alazawi W">W.O. Alazawi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, I" uniqKey="Roberts I">I. Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowen, S" uniqKey="Dowen S">S. Dowen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, D I" uniqKey="Smith D">D.I. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanley, M A" uniqKey="Stanley M">M.A. Stanley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coleman, N" uniqKey="Coleman N">N. Coleman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, E" uniqKey="Schwarz E">E. Schwarz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freese, U K" uniqKey="Freese U">U.K. Freese</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gissmann, L" uniqKey="Gissmann L">L. Gissmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mayer, W" uniqKey="Mayer W">W. Mayer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roggenbuck, B" uniqKey="Roggenbuck B">B. Roggenbuck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stremlau, A" uniqKey="Stremlau A">A. Stremlau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zur Hausen, H" uniqKey="Zur Hausen H">H. zur Hausen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tan, S H" uniqKey="Tan S">S.H. Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leong, L E" uniqKey="Leong L">L.E. Leong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, P A" uniqKey="Walker P">P.A. Walker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernard, H U" uniqKey="Bernard H">H.U. Bernard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dong, G" uniqKey="Dong G">G. Dong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, L T" uniqKey="Chow L">L.T. Chow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Romanczuk, H" uniqKey="Romanczuk H">H. Romanczuk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thierry, F" uniqKey="Thierry F">F. Thierry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thierry, F" uniqKey="Thierry F">F. Thierry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dyson, N" uniqKey="Dyson N">N. Dyson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harlow, E" uniqKey="Harlow E">E. Harlow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dyson, N" uniqKey="Dyson N">N. Dyson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guida, P" uniqKey="Guida P">P. Guida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harlow, E" uniqKey="Harlow E">E. Harlow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Howie, H L" uniqKey="Howie H">H.L. Howie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katzenellenbogen, R A" uniqKey="Katzenellenbogen R">R.A. Katzenellenbogen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galloway, D A" uniqKey="Galloway D">D.A. Galloway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcmurray, H R" uniqKey="Mcmurray H">H.R. McMurray</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccance, D J" uniqKey="Mccance D">D.J. McCance</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kiyono, T" uniqKey="Kiyono T">T. Kiyono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foster, S A" uniqKey="Foster S">S.A. Foster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koop, J I" uniqKey="Koop J">J.I. Koop</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdougall, J K" uniqKey="Mcdougall J">J.K. McDougall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galloway, D A" uniqKey="Galloway D">D.A. Galloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klingelhutz, A J" uniqKey="Klingelhutz A">A.J. Klingelhutz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckenna, D J" uniqKey="Mckenna D">D.J. McKenna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, D" uniqKey="Patel D">D. Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccance, D J" uniqKey="Mccance D">D.J. McCance</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, Y" uniqKey="Yu Y">Y. Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S. Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez, I" uniqKey="Martinez I">I. Martinez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gardiner, A S" uniqKey="Gardiner A">A.S. Gardiner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Board, K F" uniqKey="Board K">K.F. Board</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monzon, F A" uniqKey="Monzon F">F.A. Monzon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, R P" uniqKey="Edwards R">R.P. Edwards</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, S A" uniqKey="Khan S">S.A. Khan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wald, A I" uniqKey="Wald A">A.I. Wald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoskins, E E" uniqKey="Hoskins E">E.E. Hoskins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wells, S I" uniqKey="Wells S">S.I. Wells</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferris, R L" uniqKey="Ferris R">R.L. Ferris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, S A" uniqKey="Khan S">S.A. Khan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doorbar, J" uniqKey="Doorbar J">J. Doorbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quint, W" uniqKey="Quint W">W. Quint</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Banks, L" uniqKey="Banks L">L. Banks</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bravo, I G" uniqKey="Bravo I">I.G. Bravo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoler, M" uniqKey="Stoler M">M. Stoler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanley, M A" uniqKey="Stanley M">M.A. Stanley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roman, A" uniqKey="Roman A">A. Roman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin Drubin, M E" uniqKey="Mclaughlin Drubin M">M.E. McLaughlin-Drubin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dimaio, D" uniqKey="Dimaio D">D. DiMaio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattoon, D" uniqKey="Mattoon D">D. Mattoon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dimaio, D" uniqKey="Dimaio D">D. DiMaio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petti, L M" uniqKey="Petti L">L.M. Petti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Genther Williams, S M" uniqKey="Genther Williams S">S.M. Genther Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Disbrow, G L" uniqKey="Disbrow G">G.L. Disbrow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlegel, R" uniqKey="Schlegel R">R. Schlegel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, D" uniqKey="Lee D">D. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Threadgill, D W" uniqKey="Threadgill D">D.W. Threadgill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maufort, J P" uniqKey="Maufort J">J.P. Maufort</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shai, A" uniqKey="Shai A">A. Shai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pitot, H C" uniqKey="Pitot H">H.C. Pitot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liao, S" uniqKey="Liao S">S. Liao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, D" uniqKey="Deng D">D. Deng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, W" uniqKey="Zhang W">W. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, X" uniqKey="Hu X">X. Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Y" uniqKey="Lu Y">Y. Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, S" uniqKey="Wang S">S. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meng, L" uniqKey="Meng L">L. Meng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, D" uniqKey="Ma D">D. Ma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, E A" uniqKey="White E">E.A. White</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kramer, R E" uniqKey="Kramer R">R.E. Kramer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, M J" uniqKey="Tan M">M.J. Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayes, S D" uniqKey="Hayes S">S.D. Hayes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harper, J W" uniqKey="Harper J">J.W. Harper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, E A" uniqKey="White E">E.A. White</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sowa, M E" uniqKey="Sowa M">M.E. Sowa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, M J" uniqKey="Tan M">M.J. Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeudy, S" uniqKey="Jeudy S">S. Jeudy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayes, S D" uniqKey="Hayes S">S.D. Hayes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santha, S" uniqKey="Santha S">S. Santha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harper, J W" uniqKey="Harper J">J.W. Harper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, M L" uniqKey="Nguyen M">M.L. Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, M M" uniqKey="Nguyen M">M.M. Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, D" uniqKey="Lee D">D. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griep, A E" uniqKey="Griep A">A.E. Griep</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munger, K" uniqKey="Munger K">K. Munger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, A" uniqKey="Baldwin A">A. Baldwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, K M" uniqKey="Edwards K">K.M. Edwards</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, H" uniqKey="Hayakawa H">H. Hayakawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, C L" uniqKey="Nguyen C">C.L. Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owens, M" uniqKey="Owens M">M. Owens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grace, M" uniqKey="Grace M">M. Grace</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huh, K" uniqKey="Huh K">K. Huh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Potten, C S" uniqKey="Potten C">C.S. Potten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alonso, L" uniqKey="Alonso L">L. Alonso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuchs, E" uniqKey="Fuchs E">E. Fuchs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, P H" uniqKey="Jones P">P.H. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simons, B D" uniqKey="Simons B">B.D. Simons</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watt, F M" uniqKey="Watt F">F.M. Watt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramdass, B" uniqKey="Ramdass B">B. Ramdass</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chowdhari, A" uniqKey="Chowdhari A">A. Chowdhari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koka, P" uniqKey="Koka P">P. Koka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villanueva Toledo, J" uniqKey="Villanueva Toledo J">J. Villanueva-Toledo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ponciano Gomez, A" uniqKey="Ponciano Gomez A">A. Ponciano-Gomez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ortiz Sanchez, E" uniqKey="Ortiz Sanchez E">E. Ortiz-Sanchez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garrido, E" uniqKey="Garrido E">E. Garrido</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clifford, G M" uniqKey="Clifford G">G.M. Clifford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, J S" uniqKey="Smith J">J.S. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plummer, M" uniqKey="Plummer M">M. Plummer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munoz, N" uniqKey="Munoz N">N. Munoz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munoz, N" uniqKey="Munoz N">N. Munoz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosch, F X" uniqKey="Bosch F">F.X. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Sanjose, S" uniqKey="De Sanjose S">S. de Sanjose</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herrero, R" uniqKey="Herrero R">R. Herrero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castellsague, X" uniqKey="Castellsague X">X. Castellsague</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, K V" uniqKey="Shah K">K.V. Shah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijders, P J" uniqKey="Snijders P">P.J. Snijders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijer, C J" uniqKey="Meijer C">C.J. Meijer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freitas, A C" uniqKey="Freitas A">A.C. Freitas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mariz, F C" uniqKey="Mariz F">F.C. Mariz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, M A" uniqKey="Silva M">M.A. Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jesus, A L" uniqKey="Jesus A">A.L. Jesus</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clavel, C" uniqKey="Clavel C">C. Clavel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Masure, M" uniqKey="Masure M">M. Masure</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bory, J P" uniqKey="Bory J">J.P. Bory</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Putaud, I" uniqKey="Putaud I">I. Putaud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mangeonjean, C" uniqKey="Mangeonjean C">C. Mangeonjean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lorenzato, M" uniqKey="Lorenzato M">M. Lorenzato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gabriel, R" uniqKey="Gabriel R">R. Gabriel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quereux, C" uniqKey="Quereux C">C. Quereux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Birembaut, P" uniqKey="Birembaut P">P. Birembaut</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woodman, C B" uniqKey="Woodman C">C.B. Woodman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, S I" uniqKey="Collins S">S.I. Collins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, L S" uniqKey="Young L">L.S. Young</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herrero, R" uniqKey="Herrero R">R. Herrero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clifford, G M" uniqKey="Clifford G">G.M. Clifford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijders, P J" uniqKey="Snijders P">P.J. Snijders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arslan, A" uniqKey="Arslan A">A. Arslan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anh, P T" uniqKey="Anh P">P.T. Anh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosch, F X" uniqKey="Bosch F">F.X. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferreccio, C" uniqKey="Ferreccio C">C. Ferreccio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hieu, N T" uniqKey="Hieu N">N.T. Hieu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lazcano Ponce, E" uniqKey="Lazcano Ponce E">E. Lazcano-Ponce</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stein, A P" uniqKey="Stein A">A.P. Stein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saha, S" uniqKey="Saha S">S. Saha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, M" uniqKey="Yu M">M. Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kimple, R J" uniqKey="Kimple R">R.J. Kimple</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ang, K K" uniqKey="Ang K">K.K. Ang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, J" uniqKey="Harris J">J. Harris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wheeler, R" uniqKey="Wheeler R">R. Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weber, R" uniqKey="Weber R">R. Weber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, D I" uniqKey="Rosenthal D">D.I. Rosenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen Tan, P F" uniqKey="Nguyen Tan P">P.F. Nguyen-Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Westra, W H" uniqKey="Westra W">W.H. Westra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, C H" uniqKey="Chung C">C.H. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jordan, R C" uniqKey="Jordan R">R.C. Jordan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, C" uniqKey="Lu C">C. Lu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leemans, C R" uniqKey="Leemans C">C.R. Leemans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braakhuis, B J" uniqKey="Braakhuis B">B.J. Braakhuis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brakenhoff, R H" uniqKey="Brakenhoff R">R.H. Brakenhoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, A K" uniqKey="Chaturvedi A">A.K. Chaturvedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, W F" uniqKey="Anderson W">W.F. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lortet Tieulent, J" uniqKey="Lortet Tieulent J">J. Lortet-Tieulent</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Curado, M P" uniqKey="Curado M">M.P. Curado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferlay, J" uniqKey="Ferlay J">J. Ferlay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, P S" uniqKey="Rosenberg P">P.S. Rosenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bray, F" uniqKey="Bray F">F. Bray</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Combes, J D" uniqKey="Combes J">J.D. Combes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fakhry, C" uniqKey="Fakhry C">C. Fakhry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, B T" uniqKey="Rosenthal B">B.T. Rosenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, D P" uniqKey="Clark D">D.P. Clark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, S S" uniqKey="Wang S">S.S. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sherman, M E" uniqKey="Sherman M">M.E. Sherman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hildesheim, A" uniqKey="Hildesheim A">A. Hildesheim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lacey, J V" uniqKey="Lacey J">J.V. Lacey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Devesa, S" uniqKey="Devesa S">S. Devesa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferlay, J" uniqKey="Ferlay J">J. Ferlay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shin, H R" uniqKey="Shin H">H.R. Shin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bray, F" uniqKey="Bray F">F. Bray</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forman, D" uniqKey="Forman D">D. Forman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathers, C" uniqKey="Mathers C">C. Mathers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parkin, D M" uniqKey="Parkin D">D.M. Parkin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pecorelli, S" uniqKey="Pecorelli S">S. Pecorelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, P R" uniqKey="Patel P">P.R. Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salama, J K" uniqKey="Salama J">J.K. Salama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pulte, D" uniqKey="Pulte D">D. Pulte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brenner, H" uniqKey="Brenner H">H. Brenner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serup Hansen, E" uniqKey="Serup Hansen E">E. Serup-Hansen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linnemann, D" uniqKey="Linnemann D">D. Linnemann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skovrider Ruminski, W" uniqKey="Skovrider Ruminski W">W. Skovrider-Ruminski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hogdall, E" uniqKey="Hogdall E">E. Hogdall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geertsen, P F" uniqKey="Geertsen P">P.F. Geertsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Havsteen, H" uniqKey="Havsteen H">H. Havsteen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, S M" uniqKey="Schwartz S">S.M. Schwartz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daling, J R" uniqKey="Daling J">J.R. Daling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shera, K A" uniqKey="Shera K">K.A. Shera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madeleine, M M" uniqKey="Madeleine M">M.M. Madeleine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcknight, B" uniqKey="Mcknight B">B. McKnight</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galloway, D A" uniqKey="Galloway D">D.A. Galloway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porter, P L" uniqKey="Porter P">P.L. Porter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdougall, J K" uniqKey="Mcdougall J">J.K. McDougall</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jordan, R" uniqKey="Jordan R">R. Jordan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, W" uniqKey="Xiao W">W. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Westra, W H" uniqKey="Westra W">W.H. Westra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trotti, A" uniqKey="Trotti A">A. Trotti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spencer, S" uniqKey="Spencer S">S. Spencer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, J" uniqKey="Harris J">J. Harris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, C H" uniqKey="Chung C">C.H. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ang, K K" uniqKey="Ang K">K.K. Ang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eifel, P J" uniqKey="Eifel P">P.J. Eifel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winter, K" uniqKey="Winter K">K. Winter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, M" uniqKey="Morris M">M. Morris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levenback, C" uniqKey="Levenback C">C. Levenback</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grigsby, P W" uniqKey="Grigsby P">P.W. Grigsby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, J" uniqKey="Cooper J">J. Cooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotman, M" uniqKey="Rotman M">M. Rotman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gershenson, D" uniqKey="Gershenson D">D. Gershenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mutch, D G" uniqKey="Mutch D">D.G. Mutch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rose, P G" uniqKey="Rose P">P.G. Rose</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bundy, B N" uniqKey="Bundy B">B.N. Bundy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watkins, E B" uniqKey="Watkins E">E.B. Watkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thigpen, J T" uniqKey="Thigpen J">J.T. Thigpen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deppe, G" uniqKey="Deppe G">G. Deppe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maiman, M A" uniqKey="Maiman M">M.A. Maiman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clarke Pearson, D L" uniqKey="Clarke Pearson D">D.L. Clarke-Pearson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Insalaco, S" uniqKey="Insalaco S">S. Insalaco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keys, H M" uniqKey="Keys H">H.M. Keys</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bundy, B N" uniqKey="Bundy B">B.N. Bundy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stehman, F B" uniqKey="Stehman F">F.B. Stehman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muderspach, L I" uniqKey="Muderspach L">L.I. Muderspach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chafe, W E" uniqKey="Chafe W">W.E. Chafe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suggs, C L" uniqKey="Suggs C">C.L. Suggs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, J L" uniqKey="Walker J">J.L. Walker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gersell, D" uniqKey="Gersell D">D. Gersell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, D H" uniqKey="Moore D">D.H. Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blessing, J A" uniqKey="Blessing J">J.A. Blessing</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcquellon, R P" uniqKey="Mcquellon R">R.P. McQuellon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thaler, H T" uniqKey="Thaler H">H.T. Thaler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cella, D" uniqKey="Cella D">D. Cella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benda, J" uniqKey="Benda J">J. Benda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, D S" uniqKey="Miller D">D.S. Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olt, G" uniqKey="Olt G">G. Olt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="King, S" uniqKey="King S">S. King</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boggess, J F" uniqKey="Boggess J">J.F. Boggess</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Long, H J" uniqKey="Long H">H.J. Long</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bundy, B N" uniqKey="Bundy B">B.N. Bundy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grendys, E C" uniqKey="Grendys E">E.C. Grendys</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benda, J A" uniqKey="Benda J">J.A. Benda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcmeekin, D S" uniqKey="Mcmeekin D">D.S. McMeekin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorosky, J" uniqKey="Sorosky J">J. Sorosky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, D S" uniqKey="Miller D">D.S. Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eaton, L A" uniqKey="Eaton L">L.A. Eaton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorica, J V" uniqKey="Fiorica J">J.V. Fiorica</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooper, J S" uniqKey="Cooper J">J.S. Cooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pajak, T F" uniqKey="Pajak T">T.F. Pajak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forastiere, A A" uniqKey="Forastiere A">A.A. Forastiere</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs, J" uniqKey="Jacobs J">J. Jacobs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, B H" uniqKey="Campbell B">B.H. Campbell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saxman, S B" uniqKey="Saxman S">S.B. Saxman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kish, J A" uniqKey="Kish J">J.A. Kish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, H E" uniqKey="Kim H">H.E. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cmelak, A J" uniqKey="Cmelak A">A.J. Cmelak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotman, M" uniqKey="Rotman M">M. Rotman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernier, J" uniqKey="Bernier J">J. Bernier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Domenge, C" uniqKey="Domenge C">C. Domenge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozsahin, M" uniqKey="Ozsahin M">M. Ozsahin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matuszewska, K" uniqKey="Matuszewska K">K. Matuszewska</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lefebvre, J L" uniqKey="Lefebvre J">J.L. Lefebvre</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greiner, R H" uniqKey="Greiner R">R.H. Greiner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giralt, J" uniqKey="Giralt J">J. Giralt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maingon, P" uniqKey="Maingon P">P. Maingon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rolland, F" uniqKey="Rolland F">F. Rolland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolla, M" uniqKey="Bolla M">M. Bolla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adelstein, D J" uniqKey="Adelstein D">D.J. Adelstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, G L" uniqKey="Adams G">G.L. Adams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wagner, H" uniqKey="Wagner H">H. Wagner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kish, J A" uniqKey="Kish J">J.A. Kish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ensley, J F" uniqKey="Ensley J">J.F. Ensley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schuller, D E" uniqKey="Schuller D">D.E. Schuller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forastiere, A A" uniqKey="Forastiere A">A.A. Forastiere</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ley, J" uniqKey="Ley J">J. Ley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mehan, P" uniqKey="Mehan P">P. Mehan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wildes, T M" uniqKey="Wildes T">T.M. Wildes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thorstad, W" uniqKey="Thorstad W">W. Thorstad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gay, H A" uniqKey="Gay H">H.A. Gay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michel, L" uniqKey="Michel L">L. Michel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nussenbaum, B" uniqKey="Nussenbaum B">B. Nussenbaum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trinkaus, K" uniqKey="Trinkaus K">K. Trinkaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adkins, D" uniqKey="Adkins D">D. Adkins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riaz, N" uniqKey="Riaz N">N. Riaz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sherman, E" uniqKey="Sherman E">E. Sherman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koutcher, L" uniqKey="Koutcher L">L. Koutcher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, L" uniqKey="Shapiro L">L. Shapiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katabi, N" uniqKey="Katabi N">N. Katabi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, W" uniqKey="Shi W">W. Shi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fury, M" uniqKey="Fury M">M. Fury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, R" uniqKey="Wong R">R. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolden, S" uniqKey="Wolden S">S. Wolden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bonner, J A" uniqKey="Bonner J">J.A. Bonner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harari, P M" uniqKey="Harari P">P.M. Harari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giralt, J" uniqKey="Giralt J">J. Giralt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cohen, R B" uniqKey="Cohen R">R.B. Cohen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, C U" uniqKey="Jones C">C.U. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sur, R K" uniqKey="Sur R">R.K. Sur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raben, D" uniqKey="Raben D">D. Raben</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baselga, J" uniqKey="Baselga J">J. Baselga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spencer, S A" uniqKey="Spencer S">S.A. Spencer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, J" uniqKey="Zhu J">J. Zhu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parsons, J T" uniqKey="Parsons J">J.T. Parsons</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendenhall, W M" uniqKey="Mendenhall W">W.M. Mendenhall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stringer, S P" uniqKey="Stringer S">S.P. Stringer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cassisi, N J" uniqKey="Cassisi N">N.J. Cassisi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Million, R R" uniqKey="Million R">R.R. Million</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bachar, G Y" uniqKey="Bachar G">G.Y. Bachar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goh, C" uniqKey="Goh C">C. Goh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, D P" uniqKey="Goldstein D">D.P. Goldstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Ullivan, B" uniqKey="O Ullivan B">B. O’Sullivan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irish, J C" uniqKey="Irish J">J.C. Irish</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zafereo, M E" uniqKey="Zafereo M">M.E. Zafereo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanasono, M M" uniqKey="Hanasono M">M.M. Hanasono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, D I" uniqKey="Rosenthal D">D.I. Rosenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sturgis, E M" uniqKey="Sturgis E">E.M. Sturgis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lewin, J S" uniqKey="Lewin J">J.S. Lewin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, D B" uniqKey="Roberts D">D.B. Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weber, R S" uniqKey="Weber R">R.S. Weber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vermorken, J B" uniqKey="Vermorken J">J.B. Vermorken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stohlmacher Williams, J" uniqKey="Stohlmacher Williams J">J. Stohlmacher-Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davidenko, I" uniqKey="Davidenko I">I. Davidenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Licitra, L" uniqKey="Licitra L">L. Licitra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winquist, E" uniqKey="Winquist E">E. Winquist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villanueva, C" uniqKey="Villanueva C">C. Villanueva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foa, P" uniqKey="Foa P">P. Foa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottey, S" uniqKey="Rottey S">S. Rottey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skladowski, K" uniqKey="Skladowski K">K. Skladowski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tahara, M" uniqKey="Tahara M">M. Tahara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, C" uniqKey="Jacobs C">C. Jacobs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyman, G" uniqKey="Lyman G">G. Lyman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Velez Garcia, E" uniqKey="Velez Garcia E">E. Velez-Garcia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sridhar, K S" uniqKey="Sridhar K">K.S. Sridhar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, W" uniqKey="Knight W">W. Knight</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hochster, H" uniqKey="Hochster H">H. Hochster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodnough, L T" uniqKey="Goodnough L">L.T. Goodnough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortimer, J E" uniqKey="Mortimer J">J.E. Mortimer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Einhorn, L H" uniqKey="Einhorn L">L.H. Einhorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schacter, L" uniqKey="Schacter L">L. Schacter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burtness, B" uniqKey="Burtness B">B. Burtness</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldwasser, M A" uniqKey="Goldwasser M">M.A. Goldwasser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flood, W" uniqKey="Flood W">W. Flood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattar, B" uniqKey="Mattar B">B. Mattar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forastiere, A A" uniqKey="Forastiere A">A.A. Forastiere</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Forastiere, A A" uniqKey="Forastiere A">A.A. Forastiere</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Metch, B" uniqKey="Metch B">B. Metch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schuller, D E" uniqKey="Schuller D">D.E. Schuller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ensley, J F" uniqKey="Ensley J">J.F. Ensley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutchins, L F" uniqKey="Hutchins L">L.F. Hutchins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Triozzi, P" uniqKey="Triozzi P">P. Triozzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kish, J A" uniqKey="Kish J">J.A. Kish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcclure, S" uniqKey="Mcclure S">S. McClure</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vonfeldt, E" uniqKey="Vonfeldt E">E. VonFeldt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, S K" uniqKey="Williamson S">S.K. Williamson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keysar, S B" uniqKey="Keysar S">S.B. Keysar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Astling, D P" uniqKey="Astling D">D.P. Astling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, R T" uniqKey="Anderson R">R.T. Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogler, B W" uniqKey="Vogler B">B.W. Vogler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowles, D W" uniqKey="Bowles D">D.W. Bowles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morton, J J" uniqKey="Morton J">J.J. Morton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paylor, J J" uniqKey="Paylor J">J.J. Paylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glogowska, M J" uniqKey="Glogowska M">M.J. Glogowska</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le, P N" uniqKey="Le P">P.N. Le</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eagles Soukup, J R" uniqKey="Eagles Soukup J">J.R. Eagles-Soukup</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimple, R J" uniqKey="Kimple R">R.J. Kimple</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harari, P M" uniqKey="Harari P">P.M. Harari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, A D" uniqKey="Torres A">A.D. Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, R Z" uniqKey="Yang R">R.Z. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soriano, B J" uniqKey="Soriano B">B.J. Soriano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, M" uniqKey="Yu M">M. Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Armstrong, E A" uniqKey="Armstrong E">E.A. Armstrong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blitzer, G C" uniqKey="Blitzer G">G.C. Blitzer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, M A" uniqKey="Smith M">M.A. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lorenz, L D" uniqKey="Lorenz L">L.D. Lorenz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fakhry, C" uniqKey="Fakhry C">C. Fakhry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen Tan, P F" uniqKey="Nguyen Tan P">P.F. Nguyen-Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, D" uniqKey="Rosenthal D">D. Rosenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Naggar, A" uniqKey="El Naggar A">A. El-Naggar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garden, A S" uniqKey="Garden A">A.S. Garden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soulieres, D" uniqKey="Soulieres D">D. Soulieres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trotti, A" uniqKey="Trotti A">A. Trotti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avizonis, V" uniqKey="Avizonis V">V. Avizonis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ridge, J A" uniqKey="Ridge J">J.A. Ridge</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimple, R J" uniqKey="Kimple R">R.J. Kimple</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, M A" uniqKey="Smith M">M.A. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blitzer, G C" uniqKey="Blitzer G">G.C. Blitzer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, A D" uniqKey="Torres A">A.D. Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, J A" uniqKey="Martin J">J.A. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, R Z" uniqKey="Yang R">R.Z. Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peet, C R" uniqKey="Peet C">C.R. Peet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lorenz, L D" uniqKey="Lorenz L">L.D. Lorenz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nickel, K P" uniqKey="Nickel K">K.P. Nickel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klingelhutz, A J" uniqKey="Klingelhutz A">A.J. Klingelhutz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rieckmann, T" uniqKey="Rieckmann T">T. Rieckmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tribius, S" uniqKey="Tribius S">S. Tribius</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grob, T J" uniqKey="Grob T">T.J. Grob</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, F" uniqKey="Meyer F">F. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Busch, C J" uniqKey="Busch C">C.J. Busch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, C" uniqKey="Petersen C">C. Petersen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dikomey, E" uniqKey="Dikomey E">E. Dikomey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kriegs, M" uniqKey="Kriegs M">M. Kriegs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chinn, S B" uniqKey="Chinn S">S.B. Chinn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Darr, O A" uniqKey="Darr O">O.A. Darr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owen, J H" uniqKey="Owen J">J.H. Owen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellile, E" uniqKey="Bellile E">E. Bellile</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mchugh, J B" uniqKey="Mchugh J">J.B. McHugh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spector, M E" uniqKey="Spector M">M.E. Spector</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Papagerakis, S M" uniqKey="Papagerakis S">S.M. Papagerakis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chepeha, D B" uniqKey="Chepeha D">D.B. Chepeha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradford, C R" uniqKey="Bradford C">C.R. Bradford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carey, T E" uniqKey="Carey T">T.E. Carey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Einstein, M H" uniqKey="Einstein M">M.H. Einstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baron, M" uniqKey="Baron M">M. Baron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, M J" uniqKey="Levin M">M.J. Levin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, A" uniqKey="Chatterjee A">A. Chatterjee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, R P" uniqKey="Edwards R">R.P. Edwards</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zepp, F" uniqKey="Zepp F">F. Zepp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carletti, I" uniqKey="Carletti I">I. Carletti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dessy, F J" uniqKey="Dessy F">F.J. Dessy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trofa, A F" uniqKey="Trofa A">A.F. Trofa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schuind, A" uniqKey="Schuind A">A. Schuind</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keam, S J" uniqKey="Keam S">S.J. Keam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harper, D M" uniqKey="Harper D">D.M. Harper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, M A" uniqKey="Siddiqui M">M.A. Siddiqui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perry, C M" uniqKey="Perry C">C.M. Perry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stanley, M" uniqKey="Stanley M">M. Stanley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowy, D R" uniqKey="Lowy D">D.R. Lowy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frazer, I" uniqKey="Frazer I">I. Frazer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, C M" uniqKey="Wheeler C">C.M. Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castellsague, X" uniqKey="Castellsague X">X. Castellsague</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garland, S M" uniqKey="Garland S">S.M. Garland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szarewski, A" uniqKey="Szarewski A">A. Szarewski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paavonen, J" uniqKey="Paavonen J">J. Paavonen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naud, P" uniqKey="Naud P">P. Naud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salmeron, J" uniqKey="Salmeron J">J. Salmeron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chow, S N" uniqKey="Chow S">S.N. Chow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Apter, D" uniqKey="Apter D">D. Apter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitchener, H" uniqKey="Kitchener H">H. Kitchener</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosch, F X" uniqKey="Bosch F">F.X. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broker, T R" uniqKey="Broker T">T.R. Broker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forman, D" uniqKey="Forman D">D. Forman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moscicki, A B" uniqKey="Moscicki A">A.B. Moscicki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doorbar, J" uniqKey="Doorbar J">J. Doorbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stern, P L" uniqKey="Stern P">P.L. Stern</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanley, M" uniqKey="Stanley M">M. Stanley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arbyn, M" uniqKey="Arbyn M">M. Arbyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poljak, M" uniqKey="Poljak M">M. Poljak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillison, M L" uniqKey="Gillison M">M.L. Gillison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castellsague, X" uniqKey="Castellsague X">X. Castellsague</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, A" uniqKey="Chaturvedi A">A. Chaturvedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodman, M T" uniqKey="Goodman M">M.T. Goodman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijders, P" uniqKey="Snijders P">P. Snijders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tommasino, M" uniqKey="Tommasino M">M. Tommasino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arbyn, M" uniqKey="Arbyn M">M. Arbyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franceschi, S" uniqKey="Franceschi S">S. Franceschi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilting, S M" uniqKey="Wilting S">S.M. Wilting</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smeets, S J" uniqKey="Smeets S">S.J. Smeets</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijders, P J" uniqKey="Snijders P">P.J. Snijders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Wieringen, W N" uniqKey="Van Wieringen W">W.N. van Wieringen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Wiel, M A" uniqKey="Van De Wiel M">M.A. van de Wiel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijer, G A" uniqKey="Meijer G">G.A. Meijer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ylstra, B" uniqKey="Ylstra B">B. Ylstra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leemans, C R" uniqKey="Leemans C">C.R. Leemans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijer, C J" uniqKey="Meijer C">C.J. Meijer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brakenhoff, R H" uniqKey="Brakenhoff R">R.H. Brakenhoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ojesina, A I" uniqKey="Ojesina A">A.I. Ojesina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lichtenstein, L" uniqKey="Lichtenstein L">L. Lichtenstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freeman, S S" uniqKey="Freeman S">S.S. Freeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pedamallu, C S" uniqKey="Pedamallu C">C.S. Pedamallu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Imaz Rosshandler, I" uniqKey="Imaz Rosshandler I">I. Imaz-Rosshandler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pugh, T J" uniqKey="Pugh T">T.J. Pugh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cherniack, A D" uniqKey="Cherniack A">A.D. Cherniack</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ambrogio, L" uniqKey="Ambrogio L">L. Ambrogio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, K" uniqKey="Cibulskis K">K. Cibulskis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertelsen, B" uniqKey="Bertelsen B">B. Bertelsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stransky, N" uniqKey="Stransky N">N. Stransky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egloff, A M" uniqKey="Egloff A">A.M. Egloff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tward, A D" uniqKey="Tward A">A.D. Tward</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kostic, A D" uniqKey="Kostic A">A.D. Kostic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cibulskis, K" uniqKey="Cibulskis K">K. Cibulskis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sivachenko, A" uniqKey="Sivachenko A">A. Sivachenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kryukov, G V" uniqKey="Kryukov G">G.V. Kryukov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lawrence, M S" uniqKey="Lawrence M">M.S. Lawrence</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sougnez, C" uniqKey="Sougnez C">C. Sougnez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mckenna, A" uniqKey="Mckenna A">A. McKenna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agrawal, N" uniqKey="Agrawal N">N. Agrawal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frederick, M J" uniqKey="Frederick M">M.J. Frederick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pickering, C R" uniqKey="Pickering C">C.R. Pickering</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bettegowda, C" uniqKey="Bettegowda C">C. Bettegowda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, K" uniqKey="Chang K">K. Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, R J" uniqKey="Li R">R.J. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fakhry, C" uniqKey="Fakhry C">C. Fakhry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xie, T X" uniqKey="Xie T">T.X. Xie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J. Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thierry, F" uniqKey="Thierry F">F. Thierry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaniv, M" uniqKey="Yaniv M">M. Yaniv</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeon, S" uniqKey="Jeon S">S. Jeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allen Hoffmann, B L" uniqKey="Allen Hoffmann B">B.L. Allen-Hoffmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goodwin, E C" uniqKey="Goodwin E">E.C. Goodwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimaio, D" uniqKey="Dimaio D">D. DiMaio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmitz, M" uniqKey="Schmitz M">M. Schmitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driesch, C" uniqKey="Driesch C">C. Driesch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, L" uniqKey="Jansen L">L. Jansen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Runnebaum, I B" uniqKey="Runnebaum I">I.B. Runnebaum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durst, M" uniqKey="Durst M">M. Durst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adey, A" uniqKey="Adey A">A. Adey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burton, J N" uniqKey="Burton J">J.N. Burton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitzman, J O" uniqKey="Kitzman J">J.O. Kitzman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hiatt, J B" uniqKey="Hiatt J">J.B. Hiatt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lewis, A P" uniqKey="Lewis A">A.P. Lewis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, B K" uniqKey="Martin B">B.K. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiu, R" uniqKey="Qiu R">R. Qiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, C" uniqKey="Lee C">C. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shendure, J" uniqKey="Shendure J">J. Shendure</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akagi, K" uniqKey="Akagi K">K. Akagi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broutian, T R" uniqKey="Broutian T">T.R. Broutian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Padilla Nash, H" uniqKey="Padilla Nash H">H. Padilla-Nash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, W" uniqKey="Xiao W">W. Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, B" uniqKey="Jiang B">B. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rocco, J W" uniqKey="Rocco J">J.W. Rocco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teknos, T N" uniqKey="Teknos T">T.N. Teknos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, B" uniqKey="Kumar B">B. Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wangsa, D" uniqKey="Wangsa D">D. Wangsa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peter, M" uniqKey="Peter M">M. Peter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stransky, N" uniqKey="Stransky N">N. Stransky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Couturier, J" uniqKey="Couturier J">J. Couturier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hupe, P" uniqKey="Hupe P">P. Hupe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barillot, E" uniqKey="Barillot E">E. Barillot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Cremoux, P" uniqKey="De Cremoux P">P. de Cremoux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cottu, P" uniqKey="Cottu P">P. Cottu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Radvanyi, F" uniqKey="Radvanyi F">F. Radvanyi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sastre Garau, X" uniqKey="Sastre Garau X">X. Sastre-Garau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peter, M" uniqKey="Peter M">M. Peter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosty, C" uniqKey="Rosty C">C. Rosty</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Couturier, J" uniqKey="Couturier J">J. Couturier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Radvanyi, F" uniqKey="Radvanyi F">F. Radvanyi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teshima, H" uniqKey="Teshima H">H. Teshima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sastre Garau, X" uniqKey="Sastre Garau X">X. Sastre-Garau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, S H" uniqKey="Kim S">S.H. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koo, B S" uniqKey="Koo B">B.S. Koo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, S" uniqKey="Kang S">S. Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, K" uniqKey="Park K">K. Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, K R" uniqKey="Lee K">K.R. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, M J" uniqKey="Lee M">M.J. Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, J M" uniqKey="Kim J">J.M. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, E C" uniqKey="Choi E">E.C. Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cho, N H" uniqKey="Cho N">N.H. Cho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santin, A D" uniqKey="Santin A">A.D. Santin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, F" uniqKey="Zhan F">F. Zhan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bignotti, E" uniqKey="Bignotti E">E. Bignotti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siegel, E R" uniqKey="Siegel E">E.R. Siegel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cane, S" uniqKey="Cane S">S. Cane</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bellone, S" uniqKey="Bellone S">S. Bellone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmieri, M" uniqKey="Palmieri M">M. Palmieri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anfossi, S" uniqKey="Anfossi S">S. Anfossi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, M" uniqKey="Thomas M">M. Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burnett, A" uniqKey="Burnett A">A. Burnett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mattarocci, S" uniqKey="Mattarocci S">S. Mattarocci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abbruzzese, C" uniqKey="Abbruzzese C">C. Abbruzzese</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mileo, A M" uniqKey="Mileo A">A.M. Mileo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carosi, M" uniqKey="Carosi M">M. Carosi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pescarmona, E" uniqKey="Pescarmona E">E. Pescarmona</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vico, C" uniqKey="Vico C">C. Vico</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Federico, A" uniqKey="Federico A">A. Federico</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vizza, E" uniqKey="Vizza E">E. Vizza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corrado, G" uniqKey="Corrado G">G. Corrado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arisi, I" uniqKey="Arisi I">I. Arisi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez, I" uniqKey="Martinez I">I. Martinez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J. Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hobson, K F" uniqKey="Hobson K">K.F. Hobson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferris, R L" uniqKey="Ferris R">R.L. Ferris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, S A" uniqKey="Khan S">S.A. Khan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pyeon, D" uniqKey="Pyeon D">D. Pyeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newton, M A" uniqKey="Newton M">M.A. Newton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, P F" uniqKey="Lambert P">P.F. Lambert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Den Boon, J A" uniqKey="Den Boon J">J.A. den Boon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sengupta, S" uniqKey="Sengupta S">S. Sengupta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marsit, C J" uniqKey="Marsit C">C.J. Marsit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodworth, C D" uniqKey="Woodworth C">C.D. Woodworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Connor, J P" uniqKey="Connor J">J.P. Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haugen, T H" uniqKey="Haugen T">T.H. Haugen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, E M" uniqKey="Smith E">E.M. Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slebos, R J" uniqKey="Slebos R">R.J. Slebos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yi, Y" uniqKey="Yi Y">Y. Yi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ely, K" uniqKey="Ely K">K. Ely</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carter, J" uniqKey="Carter J">J. Carter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evjen, A" uniqKey="Evjen A">A. Evjen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shyr, Y" uniqKey="Shyr Y">Y. Shyr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murphy, B M" uniqKey="Murphy B">B.M. Murphy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cmelak, A J" uniqKey="Cmelak A">A.J. Cmelak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burkey, B B" uniqKey="Burkey B">B.B. Burkey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lohavanichbutr, P" uniqKey="Lohavanichbutr P">P. Lohavanichbutr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houck, J" uniqKey="Houck J">J. Houck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, W" uniqKey="Fan W">W. Fan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yueh, B" uniqKey="Yueh B">B. Yueh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendez, E" uniqKey="Mendez E">E. Mendez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Futran, N" uniqKey="Futran N">N. Futran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doody, D R" uniqKey="Doody D">D.R. Doody</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Upton, M P" uniqKey="Upton M">M.P. Upton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farwell, D G" uniqKey="Farwell D">D.G. Farwell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwartz, S M" uniqKey="Schwartz S">S.M. Schwartz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schlecht, N F" uniqKey="Schlecht N">N.F. Schlecht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burk, R D" uniqKey="Burk R">R.D. Burk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adrien, L" uniqKey="Adrien L">L. Adrien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunne, A" uniqKey="Dunne A">A. Dunne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawachi, N" uniqKey="Kawachi N">N. Kawachi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarta, C" uniqKey="Sarta C">C. Sarta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Q" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brandwein Gensler, M" uniqKey="Brandwein Gensler M">M. Brandwein-Gensler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prystowsky, M B" uniqKey="Prystowsky M">M.B. Prystowsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Childs, G" uniqKey="Childs G">G. Childs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sano, T" uniqKey="Sano T">T. Sano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Masuda, N" uniqKey="Masuda N">N. Masuda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oyama, T" uniqKey="Oyama T">T. Oyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakajima, T" uniqKey="Nakajima T">T. Nakajima</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quelle, D E" uniqKey="Quelle D">D.E. Quelle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zindy, F" uniqKey="Zindy F">F. Zindy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashmun, R A" uniqKey="Ashmun R">R.A. Ashmun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sherr, C J" uniqKey="Sherr C">C.J. Sherr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khleif, S N" uniqKey="Khleif S">S.N. Khleif</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Degregori, J" uniqKey="Degregori J">J. DeGregori</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, C L" uniqKey="Yee C">C.L. Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otterson, G A" uniqKey="Otterson G">G.A. Otterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaye, F J" uniqKey="Kaye F">F.J. Kaye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nevins, J R" uniqKey="Nevins J">J.R. Nevins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howley, P M" uniqKey="Howley P">P.M. Howley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steenbergen, R D" uniqKey="Steenbergen R">R.D. Steenbergen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijders, P J" uniqKey="Snijders P">P.J. Snijders</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heideman, D A" uniqKey="Heideman D">D.A. Heideman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meijer, C J" uniqKey="Meijer C">C.J. Meijer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fang, J" uniqKey="Fang J">J. Fang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, H" uniqKey="Zhang H">H. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, S" uniqKey="Jin S">S. Jin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leonard, S M" uniqKey="Leonard S">S.M. Leonard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, W" uniqKey="Wei W">W. Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, S I" uniqKey="Collins S">S.I. Collins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira, M" uniqKey="Pereira M">M. Pereira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diyaf, A" uniqKey="Diyaf A">A. Diyaf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Constandinou Williams, C" uniqKey="Constandinou Williams C">C. Constandinou-Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, L S" uniqKey="Young L">L.S. Young</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, S" uniqKey="Roberts S">S. Roberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodman, C B" uniqKey="Woodman C">C.B. Woodman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sartor, M A" uniqKey="Sartor M">M.A. Sartor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolinoy, D C" uniqKey="Dolinoy D">D.C. Dolinoy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, T R" uniqKey="Jones T">T.R. Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colacino, J A" uniqKey="Colacino J">J.A. Colacino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prince, M E" uniqKey="Prince M">M.E. Prince</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carey, T E" uniqKey="Carey T">T.E. Carey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rozek, L S" uniqKey="Rozek L">L.S. Rozek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duenas Gonzalez, A" uniqKey="Duenas Gonzalez A">A. Duenas-Gonzalez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lizano, M" uniqKey="Lizano M">M. Lizano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Candelaria, M" uniqKey="Candelaria M">M. Candelaria</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cetina, L" uniqKey="Cetina L">L. Cetina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arce, C" uniqKey="Arce C">C. Arce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cervera, E" uniqKey="Cervera E">E. Cervera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kostareli, E" uniqKey="Kostareli E">E. Kostareli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holzinger, D" uniqKey="Holzinger D">D. Holzinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bogatyrova, O" uniqKey="Bogatyrova O">O. Bogatyrova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hielscher, T" uniqKey="Hielscher T">T. Hielscher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wichmann, G" uniqKey="Wichmann G">G. Wichmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keck, M" uniqKey="Keck M">M. Keck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lahrmann, B" uniqKey="Lahrmann B">B. Lahrmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grabe, N" uniqKey="Grabe N">N. Grabe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flechtenmacher, C" uniqKey="Flechtenmacher C">C. Flechtenmacher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, C R" uniqKey="Schmidt C">C.R. Schmidt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parkin, D M" uniqKey="Parkin D">D.M. Parkin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cancers (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cancers (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cancers</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Cancers</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2072-6694</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25226287</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4190568</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers6031793</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cancers-06-01793</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>Allie K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cancers-06-01793">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wise-Draper</surname>
<given-names>Trisha M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-cancers-06-01793">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>Susanne I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cancers-06-01793">1</xref>
<xref rid="c1-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-cancers-06-01793"><label>1</label>
Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>allie.varner@cchmc.org</email>
</aff>
<aff id="af2-cancers-06-01793"><label>2</label>
Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; E-Mail:<email>wiseth@uc.edu</email>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="c1-cancers-06-01793"><label>*</label>
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: <email>Susanne.Wells@cchmc.org</email>
; Tel.: +1-513-636-5968; Fax: +1-513-636-2880.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>1793</fpage>
<lpage>1820</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>13</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>
).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widely publicized and researched pathogenic DNA viruses. For decades, HPV research has focused on transforming viral activities in cervical cancer. During the past 15 years, however, HPV has also emerged as a major etiological agent in cancers of the head and neck, in particular squamous cell carcinoma. Even with significant strides achieved towards the screening and treatment of cervical cancer, and preventive vaccines, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths for women in developing countries. Furthermore, routine screens are not available for those at risk of head and neck cancer. The current expectation is that HPV vaccination will prevent not only cervical, but also head and neck cancers. In order to determine if previous cervical cancer models for HPV infection and transformation are directly applicable to head and neck cancer, clinical and molecular disease aspects must be carefully compared. In this review, we briefly discuss the cervical and head and neck cancer literature to highlight clinical and genomic commonalities. Differences in prognosis, staging and treatment, as well as comparisons of mutational profiles, viral integration patterns, and alterations in gene expression will be addressed.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd>
<kwd>cervical cancer</kwd>
<kwd>head and neck cancer</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec><title>1. Introduction</title>
<p>Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) comprise a large family of viruses, 170 of which are now sequenced and are extensively referenced on the Papillomavirus Episteme [<xref rid="B1-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
,<xref rid="B2-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
]. The high risk (HR) mucosal HPV types, including the HPV16 prototype, are a subgroup of the alpha papillomaviruses that share the ability to cause cancer in their human host [<xref rid="B3-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
]. These DNA viruses have been extensively investigated for decades for their ability to subvert cellular mechanisms of growth control. In fact, HPV was first implicated in cancer biology approximately forty years ago by Harald zur Hausen, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 for the discovery that HPV causes cervical cancer [<xref rid="B4-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
,<xref rid="B5-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
]. Since then, HPV has also been associated with other anogenital cancers including vulvar, penile, and anal, largely due to sexual transmission. More recently, high risk HPV has been clearly detected in head and neck cancers (HNCs), particularly in the oropharynx, making it an additional etiological factor for a disease previously ascribed most commonly to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Both cervical and head and neck malignancies have poor outcomes when diagnosed at late stages and there is a dire need for clinically effective screening methods for detection of early stage disease and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.</p>
<p>Cervical cancer in the United States has been on a swift decline due to the general implementation of Papanicolaou (Pap) screening for the detection of pre-malignant lesions of the cervix. However, the expense of treating HPV-related infections is a significant burden to society. Approximately $8 billion was spent for the year 2010, with the majority focused on screening and follow-up visits, and with just over 10% of the total expense on the treatment of cervical cancer [<xref rid="B6-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
]. Many lives are saved in return on a national level, but cervical cancer remains a major cause of death in developing countries where vaccination and screening programs are unavailable. Furthermore, similar screens are not currently available to detect early HPV positive (or negative) head and neck cancers. Clinicians must rely on surrogate markers, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (INK4a), to determine HPV status in the tumor. HPV negative (HPV<sup>−</sup>
) HNCs have been steadily declining in correlation with decreased tobacco use, while HPV positive (HPV<sup>+</sup>
) head and neck cancers are on a steep, upward trajectory especially in younger populations, and are estimated to surpass cervical cancer rates in the U.S. by the year 2020 [<xref rid="B7-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]. The increasing incidence of HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNCs is linked to increasing oral HPV exposure via oral sex in younger age groups, and the total number of oral sex and open-mouthed (“French”) kissing partners [<xref rid="B8-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
]. As for cervical cancer, the risk of HPV infection also increases with greater numbers of sexual partners. Given the prospect of a national epidemic of HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNCs, it is now critical to test the possibility that protection from cervical cancer through HPV vaccination will also be protective against HNC. For many years, the study of HPV in cancer biology has been focused on cervical cancers. With a large upward shift in the number of HPV positive HNCs it will be imperative to adapt the paradigms of HPV function in cervical cancer to HNC wherever possible.</p>
<p>Almost all cervical and at least one-quarter of head and neck cancers share the presence of HPV genomic DNA and expression of the viral oncogenes. A majority of both cervical and HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNCs are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) due to keratinocyte-specific viral tropism. Advances in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer may be an excellent starting point for battling HPV positive HNC, but biological distinctions between these cancer types exist and must be clearly defined in order to apply this knowledge more broadly. For example, HPV types are much more restricted in head and neck cancer when compared to cervical cancer, mostly due to HPV-16 infection varying in its distribution (<italic>i.e</italic>
., prevalence) predominantly as a function of HNC site (e.g., tonsillar <italic>versus</italic>
oral cavity) [<xref rid="B9-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
,<xref rid="B10-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
,<xref rid="B11-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
]. Furthermore, cervical cancers have shown a dependence on estrogen signaling, whereas hormonal contributions have not been identified in HNC [<xref rid="B12-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
,<xref rid="B13-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
,<xref rid="B14-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
,<xref rid="B15-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
,<xref rid="B16-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
]. Here, we discuss the clinical and molecular commonalities and differences between HPV<sup>+</sup>
cervical and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>2. HPV Biology</title>
<p>Human papillomavirus is an episomal, double-stranded DNA virus. Almost 200 known types have been identified, only some of which contribute to malignancies. The majority of HPV types infect the non-mucosal, cutaneous epithelium [<xref rid="B3-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
]. The minority of HPV types that infect mucosal tissues and the genital tract are sub-divided into high risk and low risk categories based on their ability to transform the host cell. HPV16, 18, 31, and 45 are examples of high-risk types and are known to cause cervical neoplasias and tumors, while HPV6 and 11 belong to the low-risk subtypes that induce genital warts and respiratory papillomas [<xref rid="B17-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
]. There are also HPV16 variants that are classified based on sequence alterations in E6 and are detected in different regions across the globe and are named correspondingly. These include: European (EUR), Asian American (AA), Asian (As), African-1 (AFR1), and African-2 (AFR2) variants [<xref rid="B18-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
,<xref rid="B19-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
,<xref rid="B20-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
]. These variants appear to exhibit differences in their relative contributions to cervical malignancies, with Asian American variants preferentially associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer [<xref rid="B21-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,<xref rid="B22-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
,<xref rid="B23-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
,<xref rid="B24-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
,<xref rid="B25-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
]. Research in HNSCC on HPV16 variants has been more limited, although recent studies implicate certain variants, such as R10G, to be more frequent in HNSCC than in cervical cancer [<xref rid="B26-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
,<xref rid="B27-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
]. New variants have been identified in HNSCC, but most are shared with those already identified [<xref rid="B9-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
].</p>
<p>The HPV genome is circular with dual promoters that encode two separate groups of viral proteins: the early genes (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8) and the late genes (L1, L2). Some of the early HPV genes are essential for maintaining the viral replicative cycle, while the late HPV genes encode the major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins [<xref rid="B28-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
]. E1 and E2 are primarily involved in transcription and replication: E1 functions as the viral DNA helicase and E2 as a transcriptional activator and repressor that also complexes with E1 as a critical component of the HPV replisome [<xref rid="B29-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
,<xref rid="B30-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>
,<xref rid="B31-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
,<xref rid="B32-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
]. The transforming properties of HPV are a result of E5, E6, and E7 activities, which are discussed in further detail below. The HPV E4 protein is less well characterized, but several studies implicate E4 in virion release via its association with keratin filaments [<xref rid="B33-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
,<xref rid="B34-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
].</p>
<p>The epithelium is comprised of proliferating and differentiated keratinocytes, which are the host cells for HPV infection and replication, respectively. Keratinocytes that transition into malignant cells via immortalization and transformation initiated by the presence of high-risk HPV frequently result in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Transmission of HPV relies on micro-wounds or abrasions in the epidermis for HPV to gain access to stem and/or proliferating cells in the basal epithelium. Once there, it will utilize the host cell replication machinery to initiate viral DNA replication [<xref rid="B35-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>
]. Our understanding of the initial HPV infection process including viral attachment and entry remains incomplete, but interactions with heparan sulfate on the cell surface have been implicated [<xref rid="B36-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
,<xref rid="B37-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>
,<xref rid="B38-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>
,<xref rid="B39-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>
,<xref rid="B40-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>
,<xref rid="B41-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>
,<xref rid="B42-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
]. The HPV life cycle is highly organized, geographically as well as functionally, around the cellular differentiation program [<xref rid="B43-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>
,<xref rid="B44-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>
]. Under normal circumstances, cell division in the basal cell layer regenerates the stem and transit amplifying cell population, with a subset of cells separating to move upwards, exit the cell cycle and differentiate, thus forming the spinous, granular and cornified layers of the epidermis. In the HPV infected environment, expression of early HPV genes, particularly E7, forces re-entry into the cell cycle, thus enabling HPV to take advantage of active host replication machinery to amplify its viral genome [<xref rid="B45-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>
,<xref rid="B46-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
]. One mechanism by which HPV regulates viral genome copy number is through an E2 variant, E8^E2C. E8^E2C is a transcriptional repressor identified in high-risk HPV types 31 and 16 that limits viral genome replication, and is required for HPV31, but not HPV16 [<xref rid="B47-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>
,<xref rid="B48-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>
,<xref rid="B49-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
]. Once HPV-infected cells reach the upper layers of the epithelium, late viral genes are expressed for capsid production and virion assembly, and release of infectious particles follows. HPV is shed from the surface of the epidermis in conjunction with squamous flakes in order to maximize local virus concentrations. As such, new infections can occur to repeat the infectious cycle in the same or in a different host.</p>
<p>Over the course of viral replication, HPV is maintained as an extrachromosomal, circular element (episome). Partitioning to daughter cells during mitosis can be attributed, at least in part, to the function of E2. The E2 protein is able to tether the HPV genome to DNA through the binding of cellular DNA-associated factors including, but not limited to, Brd4 [<xref rid="B50-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
,<xref rid="B51-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>
]. Episomal HPV is often detected in non-malignant and pre-malignant tissues, while integrated HPV is detected largely in malignancies, but is not necessarily required for oncogenic progression. This is highlighted by one study examining the frequency of HPV integration in precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. The three most common high-risk HPV types (16, 18, and 45) were integrated more often relative to other high-risk HPV types. Furthermore, HPV45 was most frequently integrated in precancerous lesions, while HPV18 was most frequently integrated in cervical cancer. Although HPV was present in all specimens, integration was not ubiquitously detected suggesting integration-independent mechanisms of HPV-induced oncogenesis are at play [<xref rid="B52-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>
]. HPV has been reported to integrate in the host DNA at common fragile sites, although the copy number and location varies [<xref rid="B53-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>
]. However, other mechanisms of HPV integration have been proposed recently, based on sophisticated genome sequencing technology, in cervical and head and neck cancers. These will be described in further detail below.</p>
<p>Integration events can disrupt E2, allowing for the deregulation of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes whose upregulation then further promotes growth advantages and genomic instability through their respective cellular targets [<xref rid="B54-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>
,<xref rid="B55-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>
]. E2 controls E6 and E7 expression in part through promoter binding and repression [<xref rid="B56-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>
,<xref rid="B57-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>
,<xref rid="B58-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>
,<xref rid="B59-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>
]. Once released from E2-mediated repression, E6 and E7 activities are stimulated. These proteins bind and target p53 and Rb pocket proteins for degradation, respectively. E7 not only binds to Rb, but also to the Rb family members p107 and p130, ensuring cells progress through S-phase in the absence of proper E2F/Rb cell-cycle control, and gain proliferative characteristics [<xref rid="B60-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>
,<xref rid="B61-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>
]. E6 also activates telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which contributes to keratinocyte immortalization [<xref rid="B62-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>
,<xref rid="B63-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>
,<xref rid="B64-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>
]. More recent studies of these oncogenes have identified new targets in various signaling pathways. For instance, the importance of hormone signaling in the development of cervical cancers is clearly appreciated. A requirement for the estrogen receptor (ER) was discovered in transgenic K14E7 mouse models for the initiation and maintenance of cervical cancer [<xref rid="B13-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
,<xref rid="B16-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
]. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as an additional mechanism whereby the HPV oncogenes promote SCC [<xref rid="B65-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>
,<xref rid="B66-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>
,<xref rid="B67-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>
,<xref rid="B68-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>
]. More detailed information on the numerous targets of E6 and E7 can be found in elegant reviews on the biology of HPV [<xref rid="B46-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
,<xref rid="B69-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>
,<xref rid="B70-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>
,<xref rid="B71-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>
].</p>
<p>Expression of the HPV E5 oncogene is also believed to contribute to the oncogenicity of HPV, at least in part through signaling from growth factor receptors such as EGFR [<xref rid="B72-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>
]. <italic>In vivo</italic>
experiments suggest E5 contributes to hyperplasia, aids in the formation of epithelial tumors and synergizes with E6 and E7 to promote more severe disease phenotypes [<xref rid="B73-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>
,<xref rid="B74-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>
,<xref rid="B75-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>
]. Recent work also demonstrated E5 regulates growth and invasion in cervical cancer cell lines [<xref rid="B76-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>
]. The interplay between HPV E5, E6 and E7, and their downstream targets is critical for enabling HPV to immortalize and transform keratinocytes, eventually leading to SCC formation.</p>
<p>While there is ample data on HPV viral activities and cellular targets in the literature, details on the viral life cycle including mechanisms of uptake, replication and virion production remain to be discovered. Additionally, evolutionarily conserved properties and critical molecular distinctions between high risk and low risk HPVs require further study for an improved understanding of disease etiology [<xref rid="B77-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>
,<xref rid="B78-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>
]. The capacity of low-risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins to bind and degrade p53 and Rb is limited when compared to that of the corresponding high-risk HPV proteins. Low risk HPV E6 proteins also do not harbor PDZ binding domains, which contribute to the transforming ability of E6 [<xref rid="B79-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>
,<xref rid="B80-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>
]. Furthermore, the characteristics of basal cells that are initially infected by HPV have remained controversial. The basal compartment of the epidermis is believed to contain bona fide stem cells with low proliferative capacity and highly proliferative transit amplifying (TA) cells with less of a self-renewal capacity. The existence of TA cells has been debated, but it is believed these cells will only proliferate for a limited time and eventually undergo differentiation [<xref rid="B81-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>
,<xref rid="B82-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>
]. It remains to be seen whether and how HPV targets the stem TA cell population in the human epidermis [<xref rid="B44-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>
,<xref rid="B83-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>
,<xref rid="B84-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">84</xref>
,<xref rid="B85-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>
]. Finally, HPV has been detected in multiple cancer types including cervical, anogenital and head and neck, but the extent to which tissue specific molecular activities drive cancer phenotypes remains unclear.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>3. Clinical Characteristics of HPV<sup>+</sup>
Cancers</title>
<sec><title>3.1. Etiology of Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers</title>
<sec><title>3.1.1. Cervical Cancer</title>
<p>Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer deaths worldwide, but due to national recommendations for screening and vaccination the burden of cervical cancer lies largely outside of the United States. HPV accounts for nearly 100% of all cervical cancers, most of which are squamous cell carcinomas due to infection with high risk HPV16; however, cervical adenocarcinomas are most strongly correlated with infection of high risk HPV18 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t001">Table 1</xref>
) [<xref rid="B86-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>
,<xref rid="B87-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">87</xref>
]. Although the main route of HPV infection results from sexual contact, non-sexual transmission (vertical transmission) can occur from mother to child pre- or perinatally. Cesarean births may eliminate vertical transmission, but the surgical risks may outweigh potential benefits [<xref rid="B88-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">88</xref>
]. Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are used to screen the cervix for cellular abnormalities that may be indicative of pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions and these cells can be tested for the presence of HPV DNA through reflex testing by <italic>in vitro</italic>
nucleic acid hybridization assays. Reflex testing is performed only if there are abnormal Pap results, at which time HPV testing is requested and detection of high risk or low risk HPV types is possible [<xref rid="B89-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">89</xref>
]. Pap tests can detect the early stages of cervical cancer termed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). These are pre-malignancies graded on a scale of 1–3, with CIN1 indicating only slight dysplasia while CIN2 and CIN3 indicate moderate to severe disease. Diagnosing CIN lesions prior to progression to cervical cancer drastically improves patient survival and response to treatment [<xref rid="B90-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>
].</p>
<p>The peak age of infection for women is under age 25, with the potential for continual infections by either the same or different HPV types over time [<xref rid="B91-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">91</xref>
]. Continual HPV infection increases the risk of transformation, as the likelihood of genome instability and oncogenic mutations rises when HPV is persistent and disruptions to the cell cycle and many other biological processes occur. However, only a small fraction of women will go on to develop cervical cancer. Immune cells clear these infections in most cases, suggesting immune deficiencies, mutations or inherent genomic instability may be contributors to the development of malignancy. Furthermore, whether viral load and disease severity are positively correlated has been controversial in the literature, and may be dependent on the HPV type; however, viral presence and disease risk can now be reliably assessed by E6 and E7 mRNA expression and may be utilized in conjunction with clinical data to more accurately answer this question [<xref rid="B7-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
,<xref rid="B90-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>3.1.2. Head and Neck Cancer</title>
<p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) account for approximately 50,000 new cancer diagnoses in the United States each year [<xref rid="B92-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">92</xref>
]. These tumors are derived from the epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck, which include the oral cavity and oropharynx. Previously, common risk factors were tobacco and alcohol use, but more recently HPV infection has emerged as an additional etiological factor in this disease, particularly in oropharyngeal cancers [<xref rid="B9-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
]. In fact, the number of oropharyngeal cancers is on a steep upwards trajectory, attributable to increased incidence of HPV-associated tumors [<xref rid="B93-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">93</xref>
]. Patients with HPV positive tumors have improved survival rates and respond better to therapies than their HPV negative counterparts [<xref rid="B94-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">94</xref>
]. This had led to the suggestion that HNSCCs may be treated as distinct entities, dependent on the HPV status of the tumor. Treatments for HNSCCs include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, all of which can lead to undesirable side effects for patients such as hearing loss, dysphagia, facial disfigurement, and inability to use their natural voice. The combined efforts of clinicians and basic scientists to improve the survival rate of HNSCC have been relatively unsuccessful overall [<xref rid="B95-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>
]. Further identification of how HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCCs differ molecularly will be important for identifying specific therapeutic targets in each subset and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease for improved targeted therapies.</p>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t001">Table 1</xref>
depicts a summary of clinical characteristics of cervical and head and neck cancers. Almost all HNSCCs that harbor HPV DNA contain HPV16, whereas in cervical cancer, many more high-risk types of HPV are accountable for the disease. It is not understood why there is such HPV-type specific variability between these cancer types, but perhaps there is a tissue specific or viral exposure preference for HPV16 in the oropharynx over other HPV types. HPV-infected head and neck cancers are mostly localized to the oropharynx, which includes tonsillar and base of tongue cancers, with some evidence that oral cavity cancers have a low prevalence of HPV [<xref rid="B96-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">96</xref>
,<xref rid="B97-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>
]. Unlike cervical cancer, there are no available screening tools such as Pap smears to aid in the prevention of HNSCC development. Designing such screens will be difficult due to the feasibility of accessing the appropriate tissue where infection occurs [<xref rid="B98-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>
]. Instead, patients must rely on diligently evaluating themselves for persistent symptoms such as sore throats, swollen glands or oral lesions. These seemingly benign symptoms are often overlooked, contributing to the unfortunate fact that HNSCCs are oftentimes not diagnosed until the later stages of disease.</p>
<table-wrap id="cancers-06-01793-t001" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">cancers-06-01793-t001_Table 1</object-id>
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Summary of clinical characteristics of cervical and head and neck cancers.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cervical SCC</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cervical Adenocarcinoma</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNSCC</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HPV<sup>−</sup>
HNSCC</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">References</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HPV Types (decreasing prevalence)</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (>50%) 18, 45, 31, 33</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (38%), 16 (12%), 45, 31</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (90%), 18, few other HR-HPV types</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">[<xref rid="B9-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
,<xref rid="B86-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>
,<xref rid="B87-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">87</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prevalence</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">~73% of all invasive cervical carcinomas <break></break>
Over 99% HPV<sup>+</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">~14% of all invasive cervical carcinomas <break></break>
Over 99% HPV<sup>+</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>25% of all HNSCC</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≤75% of HNSCC</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">[<xref rid="B9-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
,<xref rid="B99-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Additional Risk Factors</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Smoking, HIV infection, Chlamydia, Oral Contraceptives (>5 years)</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Tobacco Usage, Alcohol, Paan (Asia), Maté (South America)</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">[<xref rid="B92-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">92</xref>
,<xref rid="B100-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">100</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Incidence</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decreasing USA; High Incidence in Developing Countries</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Increasing Incidence</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Increasing; younger patients</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decreasing; older patients</td>
<td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">[<xref rid="B90-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>
,<xref rid="B95-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec><title>3.2. Prognostic Comparison and Staging</title>
<p>In general, the prognosis of cervical cancer is excellent at early stages, often with surgical resection alone. Cervical cancer screening in developed countries has led to early detection, thus dramatically reducing cervical cancer mortality. Unfortunately, locally advanced cervical cancer and metastatic disease is much more common in developing countries making it the second leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide [<xref rid="B101-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>
]. Women with cervical cancer may present with abnormal or post-coital vaginal bleeding, but most are asymptomatic and therefore, without proper screening detection is delayed. Cervical cancer is the only cancer type that is still staged clinically and criteria are mostly based on local and distant extension of the tumor (<xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t002">Table 2</xref>
) [<xref rid="B102-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>
]. Cervical cancer patients with stage I disease have five-year overall survival rates of 80%–99%; however, survival is greatly reduced to only 15%–16% in those with stage IV disease, even with aggressive treatment [<xref rid="B103-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">103</xref>
].</p>
<p>HNSCC is a much more heterogeneous group of cancers, and therefore, the prognosis varies with site and stage of disease. Much like cervical cancer, however, many localized HNSCCs (stage I and II) are cured with radiation or surgical resection alone. As in cervical cancer, HNSCC survival decreases with advancing stage. Importantly, the prognosis of oropharyngeal HNSCC has greatly improved over the past several decades (<xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t002">Table 2</xref>
). In fact, for tonsil cancer, five-year survival rates have improved dramatically from the 1980s to 2006 in local disease, locally advanced and distant disease, from 62% to 85.9%, 38.2% to 73%, and 21.2% to 41.5%, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t002">Table 2</xref>
). These improvements are likely reflective of more sophisticated surgical and radiation techniques, increasing HPV prevalence, and better supportive care. However, a more detailed understanding of disease mechanisms will help elucidate strategies to continue to improve these outcomes. In this regard, cooperative group studies investigating treatment paradigms for the earlier and intermediate stage cancers are ongoing. Unfortunately, up to 60% of HNSCCs present locally advanced, and more than 50% of HNSCC develop locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis even with initially aggressive treatment. Upon recurrence or metastasis, the prognosis is dismal at only 10%–15% with a median overall survival of 10–12 months [<xref rid="B104-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">104</xref>
]. These cancers prove the most challenging, and successful treatment will thus require intense investigation.</p>
<table-wrap id="cancers-06-01793-t002" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">cancers-06-01793-t002_Table 2</object-id>
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Staging Criteria and Prognosis for Squamous Cell Carcinomas.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Cervical Cancer</th>
<th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#D9D9D9" rowspan="1">HNSCC *</th>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top:solid thin"><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stage</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Staging Criteria</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prognosis (5yr OS)</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Staging Criteria</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prognosis <break></break>
(5yr OS) *****</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>I</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carcinoma confined to cervix</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgical resection (stage IB may benefit by R ± C **)</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80%–93%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor less than 2 cm, no LN *** involvement</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" colspan="1">Single modality (radiation or resection); adverse features at resection = adjuvant R ± C</td>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" colspan="1">85.9% for local disease</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top:solid thin"><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>II</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extends beyond cervix, but not pelvic wall</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>Stage IIA</underline>
: Surgical resection w/adjuvant R ± C; <break></break>
<underline>Stage IIB</underline>
: R ± C</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58%–63%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor between 2–4 cm, no LN involvement</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top:solid thin"><td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>III</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carcinoma extends to pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of vagina and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Combined chemoradiation</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32%–35%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor >4 cm w/o LN involvement; or tumor <4 cm with single ipsilateral LN <3 cm involvement</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chemoradiation; if residual disease, salvage surgery or resection with adjuvant R ± C</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="background:#F2F2F2" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73% for regional disease (III, Iva, IVb)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top:solid thin"><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>IV</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>IVa</underline>
: Extends beyond true pelvis or has clinically involved the mucosa of bladder or rectum; <underline>IVb</underline>
: metastatic disease</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>IVa</underline>
: Combined chemoradiation <break></break>
<underline>IVb</underline>
: Palliative chemotherapy</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15%–16%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Invasion of tumor in surrounding structures with or without LN involvement; or any tumor with contralateral or >6 cm LN; <underline>IVc</underline>
: metastatic disease</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>IVa</underline>
: chemoradiation, induction chemotherapy or resection **** ± adjuvant chemoradiation; <underline>IVb</underline>
: clinical trials <italic>vs.</italic>
chemoradiation; <underline>IVc</underline>
: palliative chemotherapy</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.5% distant IVc</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*: oropharynx, other sites will vary slightly; **: R ± C: radiation ± chemotherapy; ***: LN: Lymph node; ****: + ipsilateral or bilateral neck dissection based on LN involvement required; *****: Tonsillar Cancer from 2002–2006 [<xref rid="B105-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>
].</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<p>Cervical cancers, whether SCC or adenocarcinoma, have a very high prevalence of HPV. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether HPV infection per se affects prognosis in these populations. Recently published data suggests HPV is a prognostic factor in anal cancer, predicting both overall and disease-specific survival [<xref rid="B106-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>
]. However, there have been reports that cervical cancers positive for HPV18 carry a poor prognosis when compared to those positive for HPV16 [<xref rid="B107-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>
]. In contrast, HPV is associated with fewer HNSCC cases, only around 25%, and almost exclusively with the HPV16 subtype and predominantly in the oropharynx. Substantial evidence has recently emerged demonstrating greater survival for HPV positive HNSCC patients; however this protective effect is lessened in those who report tobacco and alcohol use [<xref rid="B94-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">94</xref>
,<xref rid="B108-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>3.3. Treatment Variations</title>
<p>In general, early stage cervical cancer (Stage IA or IB) is treated with resection alone either by conization for those with early stromal invasion or extrafascial hysterectomy for those with lymphovascular invasion. Patients who desire pregnancy may also be candidates for radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Modified radical hysterectomy is often offered for patients with stage IA2 or microscopic IB disease. However, stage IB-IIA with high risk pathologic features (positive surgical margin, parametrial invasion, ≥3 positive pelvic lymph nodes or poorly differentiated tumor) requires radical hysterectomy and adjuvant concurrent radiation and chemotherapy (CRT). Adjuvant radiation is recommended for patients with intermediate risk factors (≥50% stromal invasion, lymph-vascular invasion, and tumor size ≥4 cm). Radiation therapy alone is also an acceptable option for early stage disease.</p>
<p>In contrast, locally advanced cervical cancer (Stage IIB–IVA), is treated with radiation alone or CRT. Combined treatment has greatly increased survival in locally advanced disease. The addition of cisplatin treatment was shown to increase overall survival (OS) in several studies including Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 90-01 demonstrating 67% OS in chemotherapy arm <italic>versus</italic>
41% in radiation alone arm at 8 years, Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-120 with 65% in chemotherapy <italic>versus</italic>
47% in radiation alone, and GOG-123 with 83% OS for chemotherapy <italic>versus</italic>
74% with radiation alone [<xref rid="B109-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">109</xref>
,<xref rid="B110-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">110</xref>
,<xref rid="B111-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">111</xref>
].</p>
<p>Patients that develop recurrent disease often undergo either radiation or surgery depending on previous treatments, although some cases may not be amenable to either option. Therefore, these patients and those with metastatic disease are considered incurable and many opt for palliative chemotherapy. In general, chemotherapy is cisplatin-based but many trials have demonstrated increased response rates for combination therapy combining cisplatin and most commonly, paclitaxel. Unfortunately, despite combinations of chemotherapeutics response rates remain low at 25%–35% in recurrent and metastatic disease highlighting a dire need for novel agents [<xref rid="B112-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">112</xref>
,<xref rid="B113-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">113</xref>
].</p>
<p>Like cervical cancer, HNSCC is often curable with surgical resection or radiation therapy alone for those with early stage disease. However, many of these patients will develop recurrence and oftentimes present with locally advanced disease. Patients with locally advanced disease may undergo surgery, radiation, or CRT with each treatment carrying certain consequences. Surgical resection can result in disfigurement, poor wound healing and at times loss of voice (in the case of laryngeal tumors). However, CRT may result in dysphagia, mucositis, neurotoxicity and renal failure. Despite aggressive treatments, many tumors recur, and patients then undergo the treatment modality not previously offered, or re-resection.</p>
<p>Despite improvements of surgical technique, the rate of relapse for both local and metastatic disease after surgery alone is high, particularly in patients with high-risk features such as perineural invasion, multiple lymph node involvement, extracapsular spread and positive surgical margins. Two pivotal studies demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high-risk features treated with adjuvant CRT, albeit with greater toxicity over treatment with radiation alone. However, PFS and OS were only 47% and 53%, respectively at 5 years, suggesting that new treatments are necessary in order to improve outcomes in high-risk patients [<xref rid="B114-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">114</xref>
,<xref rid="B115-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">115</xref>
].</p>
<p>Combined CRT is frequently offered upfront in locally advanced disease. In 2003, a pivotal phase III trial showed that concurrent chemotherapy and radiation using cisplatin resulted in superior outcomes when compared to radiation alone in unresectable, locally advanced disease. Three year overall survival was 23% in the radiation alone arm compared to 37% in the CRT arm (<italic>p</italic>
= 0.014) [<xref rid="B116-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">116</xref>
]. As in cervical cancer, cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic with the highest response rate. This therapy remains a standard of care for patients with unresectable, locally advanced disease and is also offered for organ preservation. Since the original report, many retrospective studies suggest improved survival in these patients with survival rates as high as 90% at 3 years in some instances [<xref rid="B117-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">117</xref>
,<xref rid="B118-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">118</xref>
]. Interestingly, the EGFR-directed monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, and concurrent radiation also resulted in an increase in survival in HNSCC of 45.6% <italic>versus</italic>
36.4% for radiation alone; thus, cetuximab is an acceptable agent oftentimes associated with less severe toxicities [<xref rid="B119-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">119</xref>
]. Most of the patients in the latter study had oropharyngeal HNSCC, but unfortunately HPV status was unknown. Therefore, it is unclear whether improved survival may have been due to a higher proportion of HPV positive tumors.</p>
<p>Many HNSCC relapses occur locally despite successful initial definitive treatment. Upon local relapse, standard of care is often salvage surgical resection which confers local control rates of 33%–50% and a long term overall survival of 20%–40% [<xref rid="B120-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">120</xref>
,<xref rid="B121-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">121</xref>
,<xref rid="B122-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">122</xref>
]. Many patients, however, are not candidates for resection due to multiple comorbidities. Like cervical cancer, palliative chemotherapy, either single or multiple agent, is regularly offered to these patients as well as to those with metastatic disease. Unfortunately, response rates are poor at 15%–36% with increased toxicity and overall survival rates of only 5–11 months [<xref rid="B123-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">123</xref>
,<xref rid="B124-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">124</xref>
,<xref rid="B125-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">125</xref>
,<xref rid="B126-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>Our ability to determine which patients (cervical cancer and HNSCC) will recur and which will do well with less intensive therapy and therefore less treatment related toxicity is limited. Active research is ongoing to develop model systems that resemble human HNSCC and that may be useful platforms for the development of alternative treatment strategies [<xref rid="B127-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">127</xref>
,<xref rid="B128-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">128</xref>
]. As mentioned above, it is unclear whether HPV has an influence on cervical cancer survival as almost all of these tumors are HPV positive, but certainly HPV status has an established impact on the prognosis of HNSCC. In fact, a new report suggests that HPV is not only protective against initial disease progression, but also improves survival in patients with recurrent disease [<xref rid="B129-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">129</xref>
]. Patients with HPV positive disease may be able to undergo less intensive therapy, thereby decreasing the incidence of toxicity, at least partly due to their increased sensitivity to radiotherapy [<xref rid="B130-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">130</xref>
,<xref rid="B131-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">131</xref>
]. Several clinical trials are ongoing including Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Trial 1016 comparing cetuximab and radiation <italic>versus</italic>
cisplatin and radiation in locally advanced disease. The benefit of cetuximab in cervical cancer is unknown and actively investigated. However, it is clear that not all HPV positive HNSCC tumors behave equally. Positive smoking history, likely resulting in increased genomic mutations, may explain why some HPV positive tumors do not fare as well with therapy. Accordingly, the improved survival of HPV positive patients is negated by tobacco use [<xref rid="B108-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>
]. As the incidence of this group of cancers grows, it is important to further classify these tumors and elucidate optimal targets that are specific to each subset.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>3.4. Vaccines Offer Protection from HPV-Associated Cancers</title>
<p>Cancers often arise due to mutations that are either inherited, occur <italic>de novo</italic>
, or are acquired from exposure to environmental factors. As cancers are quite heterogeneous in nature, with a multitude of mutations, identifying therapies that work on entire tumor cell populations including tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells has been difficult [<xref rid="B132-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">132</xref>
]. Current therapeutic intervention includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, with the major caveat that many of these treatments cause major disruptions in a patient’s quality of life. The transforming ability of human papillomavirus in the cervix, anogenital tract, and oropharynx suggests that prevention of HPV infection may ultimately prevent HPV-associated cervical and head and neck cancers. Vaccination has been successful at preventing infection of other viruses including influenza, rotavirus, and varicella, setting the precedent and opportunity for scientists to create a vaccine that prevents infection with HPV and therefore, HPV-associated cancers.</p>
<p>There are currently two vaccines on the market: <italic>Cervarix</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
(GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, UK) and <italic>Gardasil</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
(Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA). These vaccines cover the most common oncogenic HPV types known to cause cervical cancer, while <italic>Gardasil</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
also includes those responsible for genital warts. <italic>Cervarix</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
is a bivalent vaccine that protects against high risk HPV16 and 18, while <italic>Gardasil</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
is quadrivalent and protects against HPV16 and 18, as well as the low risk HPV6 and 11 types. Additionally, protection for both vaccines has been demonstrated to be ≥5 years [<xref rid="B133-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">133</xref>
,<xref rid="B134-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">134</xref>
,<xref rid="B135-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">135</xref>
]. These vaccines are protective against cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers, as well as genital warts in the case of <italic>Gardasil</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
. The current recommendation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is for men and women ages 9–26 years to be vaccinated. This is the age range where HPV infection is most likely to occur. It is imperative to begin the vaccination series at the earliest recommended ages, prior to the start of sexual activity, to offer maximal protection against HPV infection; vaccination after infection does not result in enhanced protection from or clearance of the virus.</p>
<p>Both <italic>Cervarix</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
and <italic>Gardasil</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
utilize virus-like particles (VLP) formed by self-assembly of the HPV capsid protein L1 to elicit the immune response, as opposed to live or attenuated virus. Antibodies are then produced against the L1-specific to each HPV type included in the vaccine [<xref rid="B136-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">136</xref>
]. Although capsid proteins are highly homologous amongst HPV types, it is unclear how much protection is offered against other HPV types not covered by vaccination; however, a recent study with <italic>Cervarix</italic>
<sup>®</sup>
suggests it may also cross-protect against the oncogenic HPV types 31, 33, 45 and 51 [<xref rid="B137-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">137</xref>
]. Since the introduction of these vaccines in the mid-2000s, wide spread studies of their efficacy in various populations and countries has been performed. These studies have focused on anogenital cancers and genital warts, but the vaccines are not yet approved as preventives against HPV-infected HNCs, partially impeded by the lack of information on HNCs required by the FDA for future studies [<xref rid="B138-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">138</xref>
,<xref rid="B139-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">139</xref>
]. Unlike cervical cancer where there is still a large prevalence of other high-risk HPV types contributing to disease, over 90% of all head and neck cancers are HPV16 positive. Even though not yet approved by the FDA for protection against HNCs, these vaccines may be highly efficacious as they cover the HPV type that is overwhelmingly implicated in HNC carcinogenesis.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec><title>4. Molecular Comparisons between Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers</title>
<sec><title>4.1. Mutational Analyses</title>
<p>The advent of whole exome and whole genome sequencing and other “omics” technologies has enabled scientists to identify specific mutations in tumor specimens that may lead to targeted and personalized therapies. This is especially important in cancers such as cervical and head and neck where a diagnosis is often not made until the advanced stages of disease. These late stage tumors are not as treatable and have few targetable molecules identified. Previously, common chromosomal aberrations in both tumor types had been identified in the presence of HPV. These include loss at 13q and 11q22.3–25 and gains at 20q and 3q24–29; albeit unique chromosomal alterations also exist for cervical and HNC [<xref rid="B140-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">140</xref>
]. This indicates the existence of specific genomic alterations which are caused by the presence of high risk HPV independent of anatomical site. Only recently have samples from these two cancer types been analyzed by whole exome sequencing, which revealed profiles of somatic mutations and globally de-regulated pathways.</p>
<p>A recent publication by Ojesina <italic>et al</italic>
. [<xref rid="B141-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">141</xref>
], compared mutations in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma against normal controls to identify novel mutations. In this study the authors identified multiple new mutations in cervical cancer including <italic>MAPK1</italic>
, <italic>FBXW7</italic>
, and <italic>EP300</italic>
[<xref rid="B141-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">141</xref>
]. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed that genes associated with the immune response were most significantly mutated in cervical SCC, while cervical adenocarcinoma had recurrent mutations in the PIK3CA/PTEN pathway.</p>
<p>Similar publications from exome sequencing of HNSCCs were reported in 2011. Only a few somatic mutations match those discovered in the cervical cancers [<xref rid="B142-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">142</xref>
,<xref rid="B143-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">143</xref>
], including <italic>FBXW7</italic>
and <italic>PIK3CA</italic>
. The head and neck studies were further segmented into HPV<sup>+</sup>
and HPV<sup>−</sup>
categories, with far fewer genes mutated in HPV<sup>+</sup>
as compared to HPV<sup>−</sup>
tumors. Not surprisingly, HPV<sup>−</sup>
tumors harbored higher global mutation frequencies compared to the HPV<sup>+</sup>
group, presumably due to tobacco use and highlighted by <italic>TP53</italic>
mutations in almost all HPV<sup>−</sup>
tumors. <xref ref-type="table" rid="cancers-06-01793-t003">Table 3</xref>
depicts prominent examples of mutated genes in both the cervical and head and neck cancer studies. A complete list can be obtained from the original research papers. The data suggest that although HPV can be the etiological cause in both cancer types, associated cellular mutations are variable. This may be due to other etiological influences that drive mutations including tobacco use or to the differential anatomical locations of the tumors.</p>
<table-wrap id="cancers-06-01793-t003" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">cancers-06-01793-t003_Table 3</object-id>
<label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Mutations identified by whole exome sequencing. Mutated genes that are shared between cancer types.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cervical SCC [<xref rid="B141-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">141</xref>
]</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNSCC [<xref rid="B142-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">142</xref>
,<xref rid="B143-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">143</xref>
]</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FBXW7 <break></break>
PIK3CA <break></break>
MAPK1 <break></break>
HLA-B <break></break>
STK11 <break></break>
EP300 <break></break>
NFE2L2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NOTCH1 <break></break>
SYNE1 <break></break>
HRAS <break></break>
PIK3CA <break></break>
MED1 <break></break>
MLL2 <break></break>
EZH2 <break></break>
SYNE2 <break></break>
NOTCH3 <break></break>
[<xref rid="B142-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">142</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FBXW7 <break></break>
CDKN2A <break></break>
NOTCH1 <break></break>
PIK3CA <break></break>
[<xref rid="B143-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">143</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec><title>4.2. HPV Integration</title>
<p>HPV integration in cervical cancer can lead to the disruption of E2 as HPV enters common fragile or other sites in the host genome. This is an important event during the progression of cells to a transformed state, albeit not necessarily required, which provides a growth advantage given the control of E6/E7 expression by E2 under normal circumstances. Transformation is continuously dependent upon E6/E7 expression and can be reversed by the reintroduction of E2 [<xref rid="B144-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">144</xref>
,<xref rid="B145-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">145</xref>
,<xref rid="B146-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">146</xref>
]. Research related to the mechanisms and sites of HPV integration has been limited to cervical cancers, with nascent studies of integration in HNCs. Integration is one of the more poorly understood aspects of HPV biology, with controversy over where integration events occur: either randomly through the genome or at specific “hotspots”. These “hotspots” include cytogenetic bands 3q28, 4q13.3, 8q24.21, 13q22.1, and 17q21.2 accounting for integration sites of 22% of cervical tumors analyzed [<xref rid="B147-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">147</xref>
,<xref rid="B148-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">148</xref>
]. This study also included strong evidence for HPV DNA near various miRNA sites, some of which are already published as known regulators in cervical cancer. On the other hand, recent work demonstrates HPV integrates randomly across the genome, but tends to cluster near sites of structural alterations in the genome [<xref rid="B149-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">149</xref>
]. This report included not only cervical cancer lines, but also HNC cell lines and primary tumor specimens, all exhibiting a similar pattern of HPV integration in regions of genomic instability. An elegant mechanism to explain this phenomenon was proposed, with a viral genome looping model to explain HPV-driven amplifications and rearrangements that occur at sites of integration, which may be continually propagated throughout the genome [<xref rid="B149-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">149</xref>
,<xref rid="B150-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">150</xref>
]. Additionally, the authors identified numerous breakpoints in the integrated HPV genome that are outside of the E2 open reading frame, thus questioning the longstanding model of preferential E2 disruption through integration.</p>
<p>Even with some disparate findings between the above reports, both identify <italic>TP63</italic>
as a gene affected by integration events found in both cervical and HNCs. Schmitz <italic>et al</italic>
. defined the chromosomal hotspot 3q28, where the <italic>TP63</italic>
gene is located, and demonstrated <italic>TP63</italic>
was disrupted by HPV integration in multiple cervical tumors. Likewise, Akagi <italic>et al</italic>
. identified HPV integration within the <italic>TP63</italic>
gene, resulting in the loss of normal <italic>TP63</italic>
gene expression and the creation of a novel protein isoform, along with viral-host fusion transcripts. Furthermore, c-myc was also amplified and overexpressed in both cancer types in the presence of integrated HPV [<xref rid="B151-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">151</xref>
,<xref rid="B152-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">152</xref>
]. Although E6 and E7 are sufficient for immortalization <italic>in vitro</italic>
, the accumulation of oncogenic mutations in cellular tumor drivers or suppressors is necessary to achieve neoplastic transformation and cancer development [<xref rid="B46-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
]. In depth studies enabled by next-generation genomics and functional studies will dissect the contribution of HPV integration and genomic rearrangements to carcinogenesis. Elucidating the role of the full complement of human genes whose activation or inactivation initiate and drive transformation will identify new targets and therapies tailored to the mutational landscape of individual tumors and patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>4.3. Gene Expression in HPV<sup>+</sup>
Cancers</title>
<p>It is clear that HPV infection and transformation de-regulates gene expression patterns in keratinocytes. For many years, studies of HPV-driven host gene expression involved either the introduction of the HPV genome or of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes in existing cell lines. More recently, studies of primary tumors compared to control specimens have provided additional insights in clinically relevant model systems. To create a database of reliable genomics and transcriptomics information for many cancer types, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) along with the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) collaborated on the ambitious “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) project [<xref rid="B153-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">153</xref>
]. The goal of this project was to create freely available tumor datasets (with appropriately matched normal controls) subjected to genomic studies including exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and mRNA expression by RNA-Sequencing, together with extensive clinical annotations. Currently, information from over 30 tumor types has been deposited in the TCGA, with a collection target of at least 500 samples for each cancer type [<xref rid="B153-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">153</xref>
]. The TCGA will provide massive datasets for broad integration with basic and clinical sciences. This includes the opportunity for personalized medicine, where new diagnostics, therapeutic targets, and individualized treatments may eventually be possible. Both cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, along with HNSCC are part of the TCGA; however, the cervical data will not be available for data mining until later in 2014. Once these data are available, it will allow for groundbreaking opportunities to compare HPV<sup>+</sup>
cervical with HPV<sup>+</sup>
HNCs. Given the large number of specimens already banked for both cancer types, clear trends in gene expression should delineate common molecular and genomic occurrences that are due to HPV activities.</p>
<p>In the absence of published TCGA based comparisons, smaller studies that profile HPV-related gene expression are publically available. One of the first papers published comparing cervical cancer (SCC and adenocarcinoma) to normal cervical keratinocytes identified approximately 500 genes up- or down-regulated in the presence of HPV [<xref rid="B154-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">154</xref>
]. Up-regulated genes included <italic>CDKN2A</italic>
(p16), <italic>TOP2A</italic>
, <italic>E2F1</italic>
, <italic>FOXM1</italic>
, <italic>MCM2/4/5</italic>
, and <italic>PTGES</italic>
, with a high prevalence of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Down-regulated genes including <italic>TGFβ1</italic>
, <italic>TGFα</italic>
, and <italic>KRT16</italic>
, were clustered in differentiation and tumor suppressor pathways [<xref rid="B154-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">154</xref>
]. This report also demonstrated substantial similarities in expression profiles of cervical SCC and adenocarcinomas, despite the fact that SCCs were HPV-16 positive and adenocarcinomas were HPV-18 positive. This suggested distinct high-risk HPV types evoke similar transcriptome alterations [<xref rid="B154-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">154</xref>
].</p>
<p>Analyses in 2013 utilized a retrospective approach to identify novel genes involved in dysplastic and neoplastic cervical lesions, based on targets previously published in the literature [<xref rid="B155-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">155</xref>
]. The authors confirmed earlier results where <italic>FOXM1</italic>
, <italic>TOP2A</italic>
, and <italic>E2F1</italic>
were not only overexpressed, but where their respective expression levels gradually increased as cervical lesions progressed from low-grade to high-grade lesions and eventually to carcinomas. Other de-regulated genes included <italic>CDC25A</italic>
, <italic>TP73</italic>
, and <italic>CCNE2</italic>
. Conversely, genes that demonstrated reduced expression in the progression from dysplastic tissue to carcinoma included <italic>PTGS2</italic>
, <italic>BCL2</italic>
, and <italic>FOS</italic>
[<xref rid="B155-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">155</xref>
].</p>
<p>A multitude of publications comparing the gene expression profiles of HPV<sup>+</sup>
to HPV<sup>−</sup>
HNSCCs are available. One study compared HPV<sup>+</sup>
<italic>versus</italic>
HPV<sup>−</sup>
<italic>versus</italic>
normal oral mucosa and analyzed these specimens in a number of ways [<xref rid="B156-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">156</xref>
]. The authors identified many of the same gene expression changes reported previously including the up-regulation of <italic>CDKN2A</italic>
, <italic>TOP2A</italic>
, and <italic>MCM2/3</italic>
in HPV-infected HNCs compared to normal mucosa. Other up-regulated genes reflected pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and differentiation, while down-regulated genes reflected processes such as proteolysis and chemotaxis. Additional comparisons between HPV<sup>+</sup>
and HPV<sup>−</sup>
HNCs identified up-regulated genes involved in nuclear structure, mitosis, DNA repair and methylation, and down-regulated genes involved in signal transduction and proteolysis [<xref rid="B156-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">156</xref>
]. Finally, another report directly compared gene expression of HPV<sup>+</sup>
cervical and head and neck cancers and discovered similar trends where cell cycle-related genes are highly up-regulated [<xref rid="B157-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">157</xref>
]. Other datasets confirm these findings where HPV drastically affects gene expression patterns involved in cell cycle, repair and replication [<xref rid="B157-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">157</xref>
,<xref rid="B158-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">158</xref>
,<xref rid="B159-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">159</xref>
,<xref rid="B160-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">160</xref>
]. This is not necessarily surprising given the known function of E6 and E7 in the inhibition and degradation of critical tumor suppressors such as p53 and Rb.</p>
<p>p53 and Rb-dependent functions are regulated by p14ARF and p16, respectively, which are encoded by the same gene, <italic>CDKN2A</italic>
[<xref rid="B161-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">161</xref>
,<xref rid="B162-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">162</xref>
]. This is one of the most frequently overexpressed genes in HPV positive tumors, largely due to regulatory interference by E6 and E7. When E7 inactivates Rb, E2F1 is free to initiate transcription of its targets that includes the <italic>CDKN2A</italic>
locus [<xref rid="B163-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">163</xref>
]. p16 is so consistently and highly overexpressed in HPV<sup>+</sup>
cancers that it is used clinically as a surrogate marker for HPV positivity during cancer diagnosis.</p>
<p>Epigenetics is another mechanism whereby gene expression patterns can be altered in normal and transformed cells. This is a complex field that investigates DNA changes that do not affect the inherent nucleotide sequence, but rather processes such as methylation patterns and histone modifications. The presence of HPV greatly affects methylation signatures across the genome, promoting hyper- and hypomethylation. For example, tumor suppressor genes, such as TERT, exhibit promoter hypermethlyation and thus gene silencing in CIN lesions and cervical cancers [<xref rid="B164-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">164</xref>
,<xref rid="B165-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">165</xref>
]. The methyltransferases responsible for methylation, DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, are also highly overexpressed in HPV positive cervical and HNSCC cells [<xref rid="B90-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>
,<xref rid="B166-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">166</xref>
,<xref rid="B167-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">167</xref>
]. Conversely, hypomethylation increases during the transition of dysplastic to cancer cells and results in aberrant gene activation, suggesting that hyper- and hypomethylation coordinate for the evolution of an oncogenic state [<xref rid="B168-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">168</xref>
]. Comparisons of HPV positive and negative HNSCC samples also reveal the extent to which HPV alters methylation patterns, research which contributes substantially to the identification of novel target genes [<xref rid="B169-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">169</xref>
].</p>
<p>Initial studies comparing cervical and HNCs to normal controls suggested HPV elicits similar gene expression alterations between tumor types. Publication and analysis of the TCGA data will likely confirm this trend, but novel details are also expected which should reflect differential tumor origins in various tumor types, data which may be exploited for the targeting of tumor cells by novel agents. The large number of samples combined with thorough bioinformatics analyses and ultimately confirmatory studies will help validate genes of interest shared or unique to cervical and HNCs. Further separation of these groups based on clinical, environmental and demographic data is bound to enrich and surprise the HPV community.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec><title>5. Conclusions</title>
<p>Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted viral pathogen and causes approximately 5% of the global cancer burden [<xref rid="B170-cancers-06-01793" ref-type="bibr">170</xref>
]. Even after decades of intense research of the epidemiology and molecular biology of HPV infection and transformation, the aggressive nature of HPV-related late stage cancers and novel molecular targets for new therapies do not meet clinical needs. Cellular events downstream of HPV infection and integration such as the induction of genomic instability and selection for oncogenic mutations must occur in order to complete transformation process that is initiated by the expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Cervical cancer was the first tumor type attributed to the effects of HPV infection and has since been the standard for studying HPV biology. In fact, one of the most widely used cell lines in cancer biology is the HeLa cell line derived from an HPV18 cervical adenocarcinoma. The discovery that HPV infection is also an underlying cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas has opened the door for comparisons that will ultimately inform the treatment of each tumor type towards improved diagnostics, therapeutic options, and patient survival.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back><ack><title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>The authors would like to thank John C. Morris at the University of Cincinnati and Eric A. Smith for their critical reading of this manuscript. Work on HPV-related carcinogenesis was supported by grant funding from the NIH: RO1 CA102357 and CA116316 (S.I.W.), T32ES007250 (A.K.A.), University of Cincinnati MERF (T.W.D.).</p>
</ack>
<notes><title>Author Contributions</title>
<p>Allie K. Adams, Trisha M. Wise-Draper, and Susanne I. Wells researched and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.</p>
</notes>
<notes><title>Conflicts of Interest</title>
<p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
</notes>
<ref-list><title>References</title>
<ref id="B1-cancers-06-01793"><label>1.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov"><article-title>Papillomavirus Episteme</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://pave.niaid.nih.gov/">http://pave.niaid.nih.gov/</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 1 May 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2-cancers-06-01793"><label>2.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van Doorslaer</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xirasagar</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bandaru</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gopalan</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mohamoud</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huyen</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McBride</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The Papillomavirus Episteme: A central resource for papillomavirus sequence data and analysis</article-title>
<source>Nucleic Acids Res.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<fpage>D571</fpage>
<lpage>D578</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/nar/gks984</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23093593</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3-cancers-06-01793"><label>3.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Villiers</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fauquet</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bernard</surname>
<given-names>H.U.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>zur Hausen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Classification of papillomaviruses</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>324</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15183049</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4-cancers-06-01793"><label>4.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Villiers</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gissmann</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>zur Hausen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Molecular cloning of viral DNA from human genital warts</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<fpage>932</fpage>
<lpage>935</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6275126</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5-cancers-06-01793"><label>5.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gissmann</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>zur Hausen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Partial characterization of viral DNA from human genital warts (<italic>Condylomata acuminata</italic>
)</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>605</fpage>
<lpage>609</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ijc.2910250509</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6246010</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6-cancers-06-01793"><label>6.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chesson</surname>
<given-names>H.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ekwueme</surname>
<given-names>D.U.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saraiya</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lowy</surname>
<given-names>D.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Markowitz</surname>
<given-names>L.E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Estimates of the annual direct medical costs of the prevention and treatment of disease associated with human papillomavirus in the United States</article-title>
<source>Vaccine</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>6016</fpage>
<lpage>6019</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.056</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22867718</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7-cancers-06-01793"><label>7.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chaturvedi</surname>
<given-names>A.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Engels</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pfeiffer</surname>
<given-names>R.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hernandez</surname>
<given-names>B.Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goodman</surname>
<given-names>M.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sibug-Saber</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cozen</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>4294</fpage>
<lpage>4301</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21969503</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8-cancers-06-01793"><label>8.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Souza</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Agrawal</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Halpern</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bodison</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oral sexual behaviors associated with prevalent oral human papillomavirus infection</article-title>
<source>J. Infect. Dis.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>199</volume>
<fpage>1263</fpage>
<lpage>1269</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1086/597755</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19320589</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9-cancers-06-01793"><label>9.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koch</surname>
<given-names>W.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capone</surname>
<given-names>R.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spafford</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Westra</surname>
<given-names>W.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zahurak</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daniel</surname>
<given-names>R.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Viglione</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Symer</surname>
<given-names>D.E.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers</article-title>
<source>J. Natl. Cancer Inst.</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<fpage>709</fpage>
<lpage>720</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jnci/92.9.709</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10793107</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10-cancers-06-01793"><label>10.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klussmann</surname>
<given-names>J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weissenborn</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wieland</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dries</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kolligs</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jungehuelsing</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eckel</surname>
<given-names>H.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dienes</surname>
<given-names>H.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pfister</surname>
<given-names>H.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fuchs</surname>
<given-names>P.G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevalence, distribution, and viral load of human papillomavirus 16 DNA in tonsillar carcinomas</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<fpage>2875</fpage>
<lpage>2884</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/1097-0142(20011201)92:11<2875::AID-CNCR10130>3.0.CO;2-7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11753961</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11-cancers-06-01793"><label>11.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klussmann</surname>
<given-names>J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mooren</surname>
<given-names>J.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lehnen</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Claessen</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stenner</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huebbers</surname>
<given-names>C.U.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weissenborn</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wedemeyer</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Preuss</surname>
<given-names>S.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Straetmans</surname>
<given-names>J.M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Genetic signatures of HPV-related and unrelated oropharyngeal carcinoma and their prognostic implications</article-title>
<source>Clin. Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>1779</fpage>
<lpage>1786</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1463</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19223504</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12-cancers-06-01793"><label>12.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Langevin</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grandis</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taioli</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Female hormonal and reproductive factors and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk</article-title>
<source>Cancer Lett.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>310</volume>
<fpage>216</fpage>
<lpage>221</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.canlet.2011.07.007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21802839</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13-cancers-06-01793"><label>13.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>S.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wiedmeyer</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shai</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Korach</surname>
<given-names>K.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Requirement for estrogen receptor alpha in a mouse model for human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>9928</fpage>
<lpage>9934</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2051</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19047174</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14-cancers-06-01793"><label>14.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Spurgeon</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>S.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Recurrence of cervical cancer in mice after selective estrogen receptor modulator therapy</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Pathol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<fpage>530</fpage>
<lpage>540</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24418098</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15-cancers-06-01793"><label>15.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cortes-Malagon</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bonilla-Delgado</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Diaz-Chavez</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hidalgo-Miranda</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Romero-Cordoba</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Uren</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Celik</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McCormick</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munguia-Moreno</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ibarra-Sierra</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene expression profile regulated by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and estradiol in cervical tissue</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>447</volume>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>165</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.036</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24210110</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16-cancers-06-01793"><label>16.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Son</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>S.H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Requirement of estrogen receptor alpha DNA-binding domain for HPV oncogene-induced cervical carcinogenesis in mice</article-title>
<source>Carcinogenesis</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>489</fpage>
<lpage>496</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/carcin/bgt350</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24148821</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17-cancers-06-01793"><label>17.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov"><article-title>Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: The Pink Book</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hpv.html">http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hpv.html</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 1 May 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18-cancers-06-01793"><label>18.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hang</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ke</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Functional effects of sequence variations in the E6 and E2 genes of human papillomavirus 16 European and Asian variants</article-title>
<source>J. Med. Virol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>618</fpage>
<lpage>626</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jmv.23792</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24150786</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19-cancers-06-01793"><label>19.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cornet</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gheit</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iannacone</surname>
<given-names>M.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vignat</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sylla</surname>
<given-names>B.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>del Mistro</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tommasino</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clifford</surname>
<given-names>G.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>HPV16 genetic variation and the development of cervical cancer worldwide</article-title>
<source>Br. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<fpage>240</fpage>
<lpage>244</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/bjc.2012.508</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23169278</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20-cancers-06-01793"><label>20.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yamada</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Manos</surname>
<given-names>M.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Peto</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Greer</surname>
<given-names>C.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munoz</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>F.X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus type 16 sequence variation in cervical cancers: A worldwide perspective</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<fpage>2463</fpage>
<lpage>2472</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9032384</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21-cancers-06-01793"><label>21.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>L.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muqui</surname>
<given-names>E.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Boldrini</surname>
<given-names>N.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miranda</surname>
<given-names>A.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spano</surname>
<given-names>L.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Burk</surname>
<given-names>R.D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus 16 non-European variants are preferentially associated with high-grade cervical lesions</article-title>
<source>PLoS One</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>e100746</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24983739</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22-cancers-06-01793"><label>22.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Berumen</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ordonez</surname>
<given-names>R.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lazcano</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salmeron</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galvan</surname>
<given-names>S.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Estrada</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yunes</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia-Carranca</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gonzalez-Lira</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Madrigal-de la Campa</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Asian-American variants of human papillomavirus 16 and risk for cervical cancer: A case-control study</article-title>
<source>J. Natl. Cancer Inst.</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<fpage>1325</fpage>
<lpage>1330</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jnci/93.17.1325</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11535707</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23-cancers-06-01793"><label>23.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Villa</surname>
<given-names>L.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sichero</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rahal</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caballero</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferenczy</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rohan</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franco</surname>
<given-names>E.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Molecular variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 preferentially associated with cervical neoplasia</article-title>
<source>J. Gen. Virol.</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<fpage>2959</fpage>
<lpage>2968</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11086127</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24-cancers-06-01793"><label>24.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xi</surname>
<given-names>L.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koutsky</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hildesheim</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galloway</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winer</surname>
<given-names>R.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ho</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kiviat</surname>
<given-names>N.B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18</article-title>
<source>Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0670</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25-cancers-06-01793"><label>25.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Niccoli</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abraham</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Richard</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zehbe</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The Asian-American E6 variant protein of human papillomavirus 16 alone is sufficient to promote immortalization, transformation, and migration of primary human foreskin keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>12384</fpage>
<lpage>12396</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01512-12</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22951839</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26-cancers-06-01793"><label>26.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Betiol</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villa</surname>
<given-names>L.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sichero</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Impact of HPV infection on the development of head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>226</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1414-431X20132703</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23532264</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27-cancers-06-01793"><label>27.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Du</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nordfors</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nasman</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sobkowiak</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Romanitan</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dalianis</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ramqvist</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 variants in tonsillar cancer in comparison to those in cervical cancer in Stockholm, Sweden</article-title>
<source>PLoS One</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>e36239</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22558401</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28-cancers-06-01793"><label>28.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zheng</surname>
<given-names>Z.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baker</surname>
<given-names>C.C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation</article-title>
<source>Front Biosci.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>2286</fpage>
<lpage>2302</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2741/1971</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16720315</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29-cancers-06-01793"><label>29.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bernard</surname>
<given-names>B.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bailly</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lenoir</surname>
<given-names>M.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Darmon</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaniv</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E2 gene product is a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region in human keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>4317</fpage>
<lpage>4324</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2476572</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30-cancers-06-01793"><label>30.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Demeret</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Desaintes</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaniv</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Different mechanisms contribute to the E2-mediated transcriptional repression of human papillomavirus type 18 viral oncogenes</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<fpage>9343</fpage>
<lpage>9349</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9371593</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31-cancers-06-01793"><label>31.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Phelps</surname>
<given-names>W.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Transcriptional trans-activation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 gene product</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<fpage>1630</fpage>
<lpage>1638</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3033289</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32-cancers-06-01793"><label>32.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chiang</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ustav</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stenlund</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ho</surname>
<given-names>T.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chow</surname>
<given-names>L.T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Viral E1 and E2 proteins support replication of homologous and heterologous papillomaviral origins</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<fpage>5799</fpage>
<lpage>5803</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.89.13.5799</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1321423</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33-cancers-06-01793"><label>33.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Doorbar</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The E4 protein; structure, function and patterns of expression</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>445</volume>
<fpage>80</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.008</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24016539</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34-cancers-06-01793"><label>34.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Doorbar</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ely</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sterling</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McLean</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Crawford</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Specific interaction between HPV-16 E1-E4 and cytokeratins results in collapse of the epithelial cell intermediate filament network</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>352</volume>
<fpage>824</fpage>
<lpage>827</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/352824a0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1715519</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35-cancers-06-01793"><label>35.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schiller</surname>
<given-names>J.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Day</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kines</surname>
<given-names>R.C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Current understanding of the mechanism of HPV infection</article-title>
<source>Gynecol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<fpage>S12</fpage>
<lpage>S17</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.04.004</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20494219</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36-cancers-06-01793"><label>36.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giroglou</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Florin</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schafer</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Streeck</surname>
<given-names>R.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sapp</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<fpage>1565</fpage>
<lpage>1570</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.75.3.1565-1570.2001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11152531</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37-cancers-06-01793"><label>37.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kines</surname>
<given-names>R.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roberts</surname>
<given-names>J.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lowy</surname>
<given-names>D.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schiller</surname>
<given-names>J.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Day</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Role of heparan sulfate in attachment to and infection of the murine female genital tract by human papillomavirus</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<fpage>2067</fpage>
<lpage>2074</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.02190-08</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19073722</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38-cancers-06-01793"><label>38.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abban</surname>
<given-names>C.Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meneses</surname>
<given-names>P.I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Usage of heparan sulfate, integrins, and FAK in HPV16 infection</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>403</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2010.04.007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20441998</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39-cancers-06-01793"><label>39.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jacob</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abban</surname>
<given-names>C.Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meneses</surname>
<given-names>P.I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Intermediate Heparan Sulfate Binding During HPV-16 Infection in HaCaTs</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Ther.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MJT.0000000000000054</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40-cancers-06-01793"><label>40.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aksoy</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abban</surname>
<given-names>C.Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kiyashka</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qiang</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meneses</surname>
<given-names>P.I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>HPV16 infection of HaCaTs is dependent on beta4 integrin, and alpha6 integrin processing</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>449</volume>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.034</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24418536</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41-cancers-06-01793"><label>41.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Surviladze</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dziduszko</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ozbun</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Essential roles for soluble virion-associated heparan sulfonated proteoglycans and growth factors in human papillomavirus infections</article-title>
<source>PLoS Pathog.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>e1002519</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1002519</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22346752</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42-cancers-06-01793"><label>42.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cruz</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyers</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Differential dependence on host cell glycosaminoglycans for infection of epithelial cells by high-risk HPV types</article-title>
<source>PLoS One</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>e68379</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0068379</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23861898</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43-cancers-06-01793"><label>43.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fehrmann</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laimins</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomaviruses: Targeting differentiating epithelial cells for malignant transformation</article-title>
<source>Oncogene</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>5201</fpage>
<lpage>5207</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.onc.1206554</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12910257</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44-cancers-06-01793"><label>44.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bodily</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laimins</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Persistence of human papillomavirus infection: Keys to malignant progression</article-title>
<source>Trends Microb.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tim.2010.10.002</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45-cancers-06-01793"><label>45.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schmidt-Grimminger</surname>
<given-names>D.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Murant</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chow</surname>
<given-names>L.T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of the human papillomavirus E7 gene reactivates cellular DNA replication in suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>Genes Dev.</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>2335</fpage>
<lpage>2349</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1101/gad.9.19.2335</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7557386</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46-cancers-06-01793"><label>46.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moody</surname>
<given-names>C.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laimins</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus oncoproteins: Pathways to transformation</article-title>
<source>Nat. Rev. Cancer</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>550</fpage>
<lpage>560</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrc2886</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20592731</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47-cancers-06-01793"><label>47.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stubenrauch</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hummel</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iftner</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laimins</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The E8E2C protein, a negative regulator of viral transcription and replication, is required for extrachromosomal maintenance of human papillomavirus type 31 in keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<fpage>1178</fpage>
<lpage>1186</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.74.3.1178-1186.2000</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10627528</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48-cancers-06-01793"><label>48.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Straub</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dreer</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fertey</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iftner</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stubenrauch</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The viral E8^E2C repressor limits productive replication of human papillomavirus 16</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<fpage>937</fpage>
<lpage>947</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.02296-13</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24198405</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49-cancers-06-01793"><label>49.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lace</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anson</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>G.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Turek</surname>
<given-names>L.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Haugen</surname>
<given-names>T.H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The E8–E2 gene product of human papillomavirus type 16 represses early transcription and replication but is dispensable for viral plasmid persistence in keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<fpage>10841</fpage>
<lpage>10853</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01481-08</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18753207</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50-cancers-06-01793"><label>50.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McBride</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>J.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McPhillips</surname>
<given-names>M.G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Partitioning viral genomes in mitosis: Same idea, different targets</article-title>
<source>Cell Cycle</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>1499</fpage>
<lpage>1502</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4161/cc.5.14.3094</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16861919</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51-cancers-06-01793"><label>51.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>You</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Croyle</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nishimura</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ozato</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Interaction of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein with Brd4 tethers the viral DNA to host mitotic chromosomes</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<fpage>349</fpage>
<lpage>360</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15109495</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52-cancers-06-01793"><label>52.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vinokurova</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wentzensen</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kraus</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klaes</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Driesch</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melsheimer</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kisseljov</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Durst</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schneider</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>von Knebel Doeberitz</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Type-dependent integration frequency of human papillomavirus genomes in cervical lesions</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>307</fpage>
<lpage>313</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2754</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18172324</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53-cancers-06-01793"><label>53.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>P.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Friedman</surname>
<given-names>C.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bryant</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McDougall</surname>
<given-names>J.K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Viral integration and fragile sites in human papillomavirus-immortalized human keratinocyte cell lines</article-title>
<source>Genes Chromosom. Cancer</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>150</fpage>
<lpage>157</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/gcc.2870050209</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1381951</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54-cancers-06-01793"><label>54.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pett</surname>
<given-names>M.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alazawi</surname>
<given-names>W.O.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roberts</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dowen</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>D.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Coleman</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acquisition of high-level chromosomal instability is associated with integration of human papillomavirus type 16 in cervical keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>1359</fpage>
<lpage>1368</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3214</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14973079</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55-cancers-06-01793"><label>55.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schwarz</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freese</surname>
<given-names>U.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gissmann</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mayer</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roggenbuck</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stremlau</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>zur Hausen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>314</volume>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>114</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/314111a0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2983228</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56-cancers-06-01793"><label>56.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>S.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leong</surname>
<given-names>L.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>P.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bernard</surname>
<given-names>H.U.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The human papillomavirus type 16 E2 transcription factor binds with low cooperativity to two flanking sites and represses the E6 promoter through displacement of Sp1 and TFIID</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>6411</fpage>
<lpage>6420</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8083979</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57-cancers-06-01793"><label>57.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dong</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chow</surname>
<given-names>L.T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus type 11 E2 proteins repress the homologous E6 promoter by interfering with the binding of host transcription factors to adjacent elements</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>1115</fpage>
<lpage>1127</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8289341</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58-cancers-06-01793"><label>58.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Romanczuk</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mutational analysis of cis elements involved in E2 modulation of human papillomavirus type 16 P97 and type 18 P105 promoters</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<fpage>2849</fpage>
<lpage>2859</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2159546</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59-cancers-06-01793"><label>59.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Functional analysis of E2-mediated repression of the HPV18 P105 promoter</article-title>
<source>New Biol.</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1645591</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60-cancers-06-01793"><label>60.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dyson</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harlow</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>243</volume>
<fpage>934</fpage>
<lpage>937</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2537532</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61-cancers-06-01793"><label>61.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dyson</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guida</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harlow</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Homologous sequences in adenovirus E1A and human papillomavirus E7 proteins mediate interaction with the same set of cellular proteins</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<fpage>6893</fpage>
<lpage>6902</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1331501</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62-cancers-06-01793"><label>62.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Howie</surname>
<given-names>H.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Katzenellenbogen</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galloway</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Papillomavirus E6 proteins</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>384</volume>
<fpage>324</fpage>
<lpage>334</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.017</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19081593</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63-cancers-06-01793"><label>63.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McMurray</surname>
<given-names>H.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McCance</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 activates TERT gene transcription through induction of c-Myc and release of USF-mediated repression</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<fpage>9852</fpage>
<lpage>9861</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12941894</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64-cancers-06-01793"><label>64.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kiyono</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Foster</surname>
<given-names>S.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koop</surname>
<given-names>J.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McDougall</surname>
<given-names>J.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galloway</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klingelhutz</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Both Rb/p16INK4a inactivation and telomerase activity are required to immortalize human epithelial cells</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>396</volume>
<fpage>84</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9817205</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65-cancers-06-01793"><label>65.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McKenna</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Patel</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McCance</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>miR-24 and miR-205 expression is dependent on HPV onco-protein expression in keratinocytes</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>448</volume>
<fpage>210</fpage>
<lpage>216</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.014</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24314651</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66-cancers-06-01793"><label>66.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>MicroRNA-92 regulates cervical tumorigenesis and its expression is upregulated by human papillomavirus-16 E6 in cervical cancer cells</article-title>
<source>Oncol. Lett.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>468</fpage>
<lpage>474</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24137349</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67-cancers-06-01793"><label>67.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gardiner</surname>
<given-names>A.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Board</surname>
<given-names>K.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monzon</surname>
<given-names>F.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>R.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>S.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus type 16 reduces the expression of microRNA-218 in cervical carcinoma cells</article-title>
<source>Oncogene</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>2575</fpage>
<lpage>2582</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.onc.1210919</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17998940</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68-cancers-06-01793"><label>68.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wald</surname>
<given-names>A.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hoskins</surname>
<given-names>E.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>S.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferris</surname>
<given-names>R.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>S.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alteration of microRNA profiles in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines by human papillomavirus</article-title>
<source>Head Neck</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>504</fpage>
<lpage>512</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20652977</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69-cancers-06-01793"><label>69.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Doorbar</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quint</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Banks</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bravo</surname>
<given-names>I.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stoler</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses</article-title>
<source>Vaccine</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>F55</fpage>
<lpage>F70</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.083</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23199966</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70-cancers-06-01793"><label>70.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roman</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The papillomavirus E7 proteins</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>445</volume>
<fpage>138</fpage>
<lpage>168</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23731972</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71-cancers-06-01793"><label>71.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McLaughlin-Drubin</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biochemical and functional interactions of human papillomavirus proteins with polycomb group proteins</article-title>
<source>Viruses</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>1231</fpage>
<lpage>1249</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/v5051231</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23673719</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72-cancers-06-01793"><label>72.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>DiMaio</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mattoon</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanisms of cell transformation by papillomavirus E5 proteins</article-title>
<source>Oncogene</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>7866</fpage>
<lpage>7873</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.onc.1204915</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11753669</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73-cancers-06-01793"><label>73.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>DiMaio</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Petti</surname>
<given-names>L.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The E5 proteins</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>445</volume>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>114</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.006</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23731971</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74-cancers-06-01793"><label>74.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Genther Williams</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Disbrow</surname>
<given-names>G.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schlegel</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Threadgill</surname>
<given-names>D.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Requirement of epidermal growth factor receptor for hyperplasia induced by E5, a high-risk human papillomavirus oncogene</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<fpage>6534</fpage>
<lpage>6542</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0083</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16061632</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75-cancers-06-01793"><label>75.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maufort</surname>
<given-names>J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shai</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pitot</surname>
<given-names>H.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A role for HPV16 E5 in cervical carcinogenesis</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<fpage>2924</fpage>
<lpage>2931</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3436</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20332225</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76-cancers-06-01793"><label>76.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Liao</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deng</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meng</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ma</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus 16/18 E5 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion <italic>in vitro</italic>
and accelerates tumor growth <italic>in vivo</italic>
</article-title>
<source>Oncol. Rep.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23128977</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77-cancers-06-01793"><label>77.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kramer</surname>
<given-names>R.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hayes</surname>
<given-names>S.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>J.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comprehensive analysis of host cellular interactions with human papillomavirus E6 proteins identifies new E6 binding partners and reflects viral diversity</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>13174</fpage>
<lpage>13186</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.02172-12</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23015706</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78-cancers-06-01793"><label>78.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sowa</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jeudy</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hayes</surname>
<given-names>S.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Santha</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>J.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Systematic identification of interactions between host cell proteins and E7 oncoproteins from diverse human papillomaviruses</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<fpage>E260</fpage>
<lpage>E267</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1116776109</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22232672</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79-cancers-06-01793"><label>79.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>M.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Griep</surname>
<given-names>A.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The PDZ ligand domain of the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein is required for E6’s induction of epithelial hyperplasia <italic>in vivo</italic>
</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<fpage>6957</fpage>
<lpage>6964</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.77.12.6957-6964.2003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12768014</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80-cancers-06-01793"><label>80.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Munger</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baldwin</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hayakawa</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>C.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Owens</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grace</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huh</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced oncogenesis</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<fpage>11451</fpage>
<lpage>11460</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15479788</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81-cancers-06-01793"><label>81.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Potten</surname>
<given-names>C.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cell replacement in epidermis (keratopoiesis) via discrete units of proliferation</article-title>
<source>Int. Rev. Cytol.</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>318</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62326-8</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6163744</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82-cancers-06-01793"><label>82.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alonso</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fuchs</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Stem cells of the skin epithelium</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<fpage>S11830</fpage>
<lpage>S11835</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1734203100</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83-cancers-06-01793"><label>83.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>P.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Simons</surname>
<given-names>B.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Watt</surname>
<given-names>F.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Sic transit gloria: Farewell to the epidermal transit amplifying cell?</article-title>
<source>Cell Stem Cell</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>381</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.stem.2007.09.014</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18371376</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84-cancers-06-01793"><label>84.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ramdass</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chowdhari</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koka</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cancer-initiating cells as target for prevention of recurring disease etiology: Role of these malignant putative progenitor cells in relapse or metastasis of human cervical carcinoma</article-title>
<source>J. Stem Cells</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>251</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24699026</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85-cancers-06-01793"><label>85.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Villanueva-Toledo</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ponciano-Gomez</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ortiz-Sanchez</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garrido</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Side populations from cervical-cancer-derived cell lines have stem-cell-like properties</article-title>
<source>Mol. Biol. Rep.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<fpage>1993</fpage>
<lpage>2004</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11033-014-3047-3</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24420854</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86-cancers-06-01793"><label>86.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Clifford</surname>
<given-names>G.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>J.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Plummer</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munoz</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: A meta-analysis</article-title>
<source>Br. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.bjc.6600688</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12556961</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87-cancers-06-01793"><label>87.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Munoz</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>F.X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Sanjose</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Herrero</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Castellsague</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shah</surname>
<given-names>K.V.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Snijders</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meijer</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study, G. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer</article-title>
<source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<fpage>518</fpage>
<lpage>527</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa021641</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12571259</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88-cancers-06-01793"><label>88.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>A.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mariz</surname>
<given-names>F.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jesus</surname>
<given-names>A.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus vertical transmission: Review of current data</article-title>
<source>Clin. Infect. Dis.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>1451</fpage>
<lpage>1456</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cid/cit066</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23392393</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89-cancers-06-01793"><label>89.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Clavel</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Masure</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bory</surname>
<given-names>J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Putaud</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mangeonjean</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lorenzato</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gabriel</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quereux</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Birembaut</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hybrid Capture II-based human papillomavirus detection, a sensitive test to detect in routine high-grade cervical lesions: A preliminary study on 1518 women</article-title>
<source>Br. J. Cancer</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<fpage>1306</fpage>
<lpage>1311</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.bjc.6690523</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10424730</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90-cancers-06-01793"><label>90.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Woodman</surname>
<given-names>C.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>S.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>L.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The natural history of cervical HPV infection: Unresolved issues</article-title>
<source>Nat. Rev. Cancer</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrc2050</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17186016</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91-cancers-06-01793"><label>91.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Herrero</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clifford</surname>
<given-names>G.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Snijders</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arslan</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anh</surname>
<given-names>P.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>F.X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferreccio</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hieu</surname>
<given-names>N.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lazcano-Ponce</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Variations in the age-specific curves of human papillomavirus prevalence in women worldwide</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<fpage>2677</fpage>
<lpage>2684</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ijc.22241</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16991121</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92-cancers-06-01793"><label>92.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov"><article-title>National Cancer Institute: Head and Neck Cancers</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/head-and-neck-r30">http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/head-and-neck-r30</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 3 December 2013)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93-cancers-06-01793"><label>93.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stein</surname>
<given-names>A.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saha</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kimple</surname>
<given-names>R.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the United States across time</article-title>
<source>Chem. Res. Toxicol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>462</fpage>
<lpage>469</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24641254</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94-cancers-06-01793"><label>94.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ang</surname>
<given-names>K.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>D.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nguyen-Tan</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Westra</surname>
<given-names>W.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>C.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jordan</surname>
<given-names>R.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer</article-title>
<source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>363</volume>
<fpage>24</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa0912217</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20530316</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95-cancers-06-01793"><label>95.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leemans</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Braakhuis</surname>
<given-names>B.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brakenhoff</surname>
<given-names>R.H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The molecular biology of head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>Nat. Rev. Cancer</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrc2982</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21160525</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96-cancers-06-01793"><label>96.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chaturvedi</surname>
<given-names>A.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anderson</surname>
<given-names>W.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lortet-Tieulent</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Curado</surname>
<given-names>M.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferlay</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenberg</surname>
<given-names>P.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bray</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>4550</fpage>
<lpage>4559</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24248688</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97-cancers-06-01793"><label>97.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Combes</surname>
<given-names>J.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Role of human papillomavirus in non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancers</article-title>
<source>Oral Oncol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<fpage>370</fpage>
<lpage>379</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.004</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24331868</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98-cancers-06-01793"><label>98.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fakhry</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>B.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>D.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Associations between oral HPV16 infection and cytopathology: Evaluation of an oropharyngeal “pap-test equivalent” in high-risk populations</article-title>
<source>Cancer Prev. Res.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>1378</fpage>
<lpage>1384</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99-cancers-06-01793"><label>99.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>S.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sherman</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hildesheim</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lacey</surname>
<given-names>J.V.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Devesa</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends among white women and black women in the United States for 1976–2000</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<fpage>1035</fpage>
<lpage>1044</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/cncr.20064</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14983500</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100-cancers-06-01793"><label>100.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="webpage"><article-title>Cervical Cancer</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/">http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 1 June 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101-cancers-06-01793"><label>101.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ferlay</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>H.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bray</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Forman</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mathers</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Parkin</surname>
<given-names>D.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<fpage>2893</fpage>
<lpage>2917</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21351269</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102-cancers-06-01793"><label>102.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pecorelli</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>104</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.02.012</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19367689</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103-cancers-06-01793"><label>103.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="webpage"><article-title>Survival Rates for Cervical Cancer by Stage</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-survival">http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-survival</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 1 June 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104-cancers-06-01793"><label>104.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Patel</surname>
<given-names>P.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salama</surname>
<given-names>J.K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>1177</fpage>
<lpage>1189</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1586/era.12.97</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23098118</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105-cancers-06-01793"><label>105.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pulte</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brenner</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Changes in survival in head and neck cancers in the late 20th and early 21st century: A period analysis</article-title>
<source>Oncologist</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>994</fpage>
<lpage>1001</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0289</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20798198</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106-cancers-06-01793"><label>106.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Serup-Hansen</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Linnemann</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Skovrider-Ruminski</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hogdall</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Geertsen</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Havsteen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus genotyping and p16 expression as prognostic factors for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I to III carcinoma of the anal canal</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<fpage>1812</fpage>
<lpage>1817</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2013.52.3464</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24821878</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107-cancers-06-01793"><label>107.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daling</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shera</surname>
<given-names>K.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Madeleine</surname>
<given-names>M.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McKnight</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galloway</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Porter</surname>
<given-names>P.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McDougall</surname>
<given-names>J.K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus and prognosis of invasive cervical cancer: A population-based study</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>1906</fpage>
<lpage>1915</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11283122</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108-cancers-06-01793"><label>108.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jordan</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Westra</surname>
<given-names>W.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trotti</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spencer</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>C.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ang</surname>
<given-names>K.K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tobacco smoking and increased risk of death and progression for patients with p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>2102</fpage>
<lpage>2111</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4099</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22565003</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B109-cancers-06-01793"><label>109.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eifel</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winter</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morris</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Levenback</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grigsby</surname>
<given-names>P.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rotman</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gershenson</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mutch</surname>
<given-names>D.G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy <italic>versus</italic>
pelvic and para-aortic irradiation for high-risk cervical cancer: An update of radiation therapy oncology group trial (RTOG) 90–01</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>872</fpage>
<lpage>880</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2004.07.197</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14990643</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B110-cancers-06-01793"><label>110.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rose</surname>
<given-names>P.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bundy</surname>
<given-names>B.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Watkins</surname>
<given-names>E.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thigpen</surname>
<given-names>J.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deppe</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maiman</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clarke-Pearson</surname>
<given-names>D.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Insalaco</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Concurrent cisplatin-based radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer</article-title>
<source>N Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>340</volume>
<fpage>1144</fpage>
<lpage>1153</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJM199904153401502</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10202165</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B111-cancers-06-01793"><label>111.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keys</surname>
<given-names>H.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bundy</surname>
<given-names>B.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stehman</surname>
<given-names>F.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muderspach</surname>
<given-names>L.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chafe</surname>
<given-names>W.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Suggs</surname>
<given-names>C.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gersell</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cisplatin, radiation, and adjuvant hysterectomy compared with radiation and adjuvant hysterectomy for bulky stage IB cervical carcinoma</article-title>
<source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>340</volume>
<fpage>1154</fpage>
<lpage>1161</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJM199904153401503</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10202166</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B112-cancers-06-01793"><label>112.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>D.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blessing</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McQuellon</surname>
<given-names>R.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thaler</surname>
<given-names>H.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cella</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Benda</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>D.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Olt</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>King</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Boggess</surname>
<given-names>J.F.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phase III study of cisplatin with or without paclitaxel in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A gynecologic oncology group study</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>3113</fpage>
<lpage>3119</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2004.04.170</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15284262</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B113-cancers-06-01793"><label>113.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Long</surname>
<given-names>H.J.</given-names>
<suffix>3rd</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Bundy</surname>
<given-names>B.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grendys</surname>
<given-names>E.C.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Benda</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McMeekin</surname>
<given-names>D.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorosky</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>D.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eaton</surname>
<given-names>L.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fiorica</surname>
<given-names>J.V.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized phase III trial of cisplatin with or without topotecan in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>4626</fpage>
<lpage>4633</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2005.10.021</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15911865</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B114-cancers-06-01793"><label>114.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>J.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pajak</surname>
<given-names>T.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Forastiere</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jacobs</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>B.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saxman</surname>
<given-names>S.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kish</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>H.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cmelak</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rotman</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck</article-title>
<source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<fpage>1937</fpage>
<lpage>1944</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa032646</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15128893</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B115-cancers-06-01793"><label>115.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bernier</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Domenge</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ozsahin</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Matuszewska</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lefebvre</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Greiner</surname>
<given-names>R.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giralt</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maingon</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rolland</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bolla</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Postoperative irradiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<fpage>1945</fpage>
<lpage>1952</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa032641</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15128894</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B116-cancers-06-01793"><label>116.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adelstein</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>G.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wagner</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Kish</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ensley</surname>
<given-names>J.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schuller</surname>
<given-names>D.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Forastiere</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An intergroup phase III comparison of standard radiation therapy and two schedules of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>92</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2003.01.008</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12506176</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B117-cancers-06-01793"><label>117.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ley</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mehan</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wildes</surname>
<given-names>T.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thorstad</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gay</surname>
<given-names>H.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Michel</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nussenbaum</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trinkaus</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adkins</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cisplatin <italic>versus</italic>
cetuximab given concurrently with definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Oncology</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<fpage>290</fpage>
<lpage>296</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000355194</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24217231</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B118-cancers-06-01793"><label>118.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Riaz</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sherman</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koutcher</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shapiro</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Katabi</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fury</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wong</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wolden</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With Cisplatin Versus Cetuximab for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/COC.0000000000000006</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B119-cancers-06-01793"><label>119.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bonner</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harari</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giralt</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>R.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>C.U.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sur</surname>
<given-names>R.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Raben</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baselga</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spencer</surname>
<given-names>S.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomised trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival</article-title>
<source>Lancet Oncol.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70311-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19897418</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B120-cancers-06-01793"><label>120.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parsons</surname>
<given-names>J.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mendenhall</surname>
<given-names>W.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stringer</surname>
<given-names>S.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cassisi</surname>
<given-names>N.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Million</surname>
<given-names>R.R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Salvage surgery following radiation failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<fpage>605</fpage>
<lpage>609</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0360-3016(95)00527-6</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7790245</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B121-cancers-06-01793"><label>121.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bachar</surname>
<given-names>G.Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goh</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goldstein</surname>
<given-names>D.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>O’Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Irish</surname>
<given-names>J.C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Long-term outcome analysis after surgical salvage for recurrent tonsil carcinoma following radical radiotherapy</article-title>
<source>Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>267</volume>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>301</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00405-009-1070-0</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19756684</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B122-cancers-06-01793"><label>122.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zafereo</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hanasono</surname>
<given-names>M.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>D.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sturgis</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lewin</surname>
<given-names>J.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roberts</surname>
<given-names>D.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>R.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The role of salvage surgery in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<fpage>5723</fpage>
<lpage>5733</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19760612</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B123-cancers-06-01793"><label>123.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vermorken</surname>
<given-names>J.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stohlmacher-Williams</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Davidenko</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Licitra</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winquist</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villanueva</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Foa</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rottey</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Skladowski</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tahara</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without panitumumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SPECTRUM): An open-label phase 3 randomised trial</article-title>
<source>Lancet Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>697</fpage>
<lpage>710</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70181-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23746666</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B124-cancers-06-01793"><label>124.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lyman</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Velez-Garcia</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sridhar</surname>
<given-names>K.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Knight</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hochster</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goodnough</surname>
<given-names>L.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mortimer</surname>
<given-names>J.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Einhorn</surname>
<given-names>L.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schacter</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>A phase III randomized study comparing cisplatin and fluorouracil as single agents and in combination for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>257</fpage>
<lpage>263</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1732427</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B125-cancers-06-01793"><label>125.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burtness</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goldwasser</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flood</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mattar</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Forastiere</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
<collab>Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group</collab>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phase III randomized trial of cisplatin plus placebo compared with cisplatin plus cetuximab in metastatic/recurrent head and neck cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>8646</fpage>
<lpage>8654</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16314626</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B126-cancers-06-01793"><label>126.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Forastiere</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Metch</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schuller</surname>
<given-names>D.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ensley</surname>
<given-names>J.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hutchins</surname>
<given-names>L.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Triozzi</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kish</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McClure</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>VonFeldt</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Williamson</surname>
<given-names>S.K.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized comparison of cisplatin plus fluorouracil and carboplatin plus fluorouracil <italic>versus</italic>
methotrexate in advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A Southwest Oncology Group study</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>1245</fpage>
<lpage>1251</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1634913</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B127-cancers-06-01793"><label>127.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keysar</surname>
<given-names>S.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Astling</surname>
<given-names>D.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anderson</surname>
<given-names>R.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vogler</surname>
<given-names>B.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bowles</surname>
<given-names>D.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morton</surname>
<given-names>J.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paylor</surname>
<given-names>J.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glogowska</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Le</surname>
<given-names>P.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eagles-Soukup</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>A patient tumor transplant model of squamous cell cancer identifies PI3K inhibitors as candidate therapeutics in defined molecular bins</article-title>
<source>Mol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>776</fpage>
<lpage>790</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.molonc.2013.03.004</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23607916</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B128-cancers-06-01793"><label>128.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kimple</surname>
<given-names>R.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harari</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>R.Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soriano</surname>
<given-names>B.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Armstrong</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blitzer</surname>
<given-names>G.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lorenz</surname>
<given-names>L.D.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Development and characterization of HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorgrafts</article-title>
<source>Clin. Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>855</fpage>
<lpage>864</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2746</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23251001</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B129-cancers-06-01793"><label>129.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fakhry</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nguyen-Tan</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>El-Naggar</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garden</surname>
<given-names>A.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soulieres</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trotti</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Avizonis</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ridge</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus and overall survival after progression of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2014.55.1937</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B130-cancers-06-01793"><label>130.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kimple</surname>
<given-names>R.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blitzer</surname>
<given-names>G.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>R.Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Peet</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lorenz</surname>
<given-names>L.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nickel</surname>
<given-names>K.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klingelhutz</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Enhanced radiation sensitivity in HPV-positive head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<fpage>4791</fpage>
<lpage>4800</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0587</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23749640</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B131-cancers-06-01793"><label>131.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rieckmann</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tribius</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grob</surname>
<given-names>T.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Busch</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Petersen</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dikomey</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kriegs</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>HNSCC cell lines positive for HPV and p16 possess higher cellular radiosensitivity due to an impaired DSB repair capacity</article-title>
<source>Radiother. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<fpage>242</fpage>
<lpage>246</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.radonc.2013.03.013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23602369</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B132-cancers-06-01793"><label>132.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chinn</surname>
<given-names>S.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Darr</surname>
<given-names>O.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Owen</surname>
<given-names>J.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bellile</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McHugh</surname>
<given-names>J.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spector</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Papagerakis</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chepeha</surname>
<given-names>D.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bradford</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carey</surname>
<given-names>T.E.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cancer stem cells: Mediators of tumorigenesis and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Head Neck</source>
<year>2014</year>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/hed.23600</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B133-cancers-06-01793"><label>133.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Einstein</surname>
<given-names>M.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baron</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Levin</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chatterjee</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>R.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zepp</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carletti</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dessy</surname>
<given-names>F.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trofa</surname>
<given-names>A.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schuind</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix and Gardasil human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18–45 years</article-title>
<source>Hum. Vaccin.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>705</fpage>
<lpage>719</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4161/hv.5.10.9518</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19684472</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B134-cancers-06-01793"><label>134.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keam</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>D.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 vaccine (recombinant, AS04 adjuvanted, adsorbed) [Cervarix]</article-title>
<source>Drugs</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<fpage>359</fpage>
<lpage>372</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2165/00003495-200868030-00007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18257611</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B135-cancers-06-01793"><label>135.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Siddiqui</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perry</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human papillomavirus quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil)</article-title>
<source>Drugs</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<fpage>1263</fpage>
<lpage>1271</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2165/00003495-200666090-00008</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16827602</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B136-cancers-06-01793"><label>136.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lowy</surname>
<given-names>D.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Frazer</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chapter 12: Prophylactic HPV vaccines: Underlying mechanisms</article-title>
<source>Vaccine</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>S106</fpage>
<lpage>S113</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.110</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B137-cancers-06-01793"><label>137.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Castellsague</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garland</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Szarewski</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paavonen</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Naud</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salmeron</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chow</surname>
<given-names>S.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Apter</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kitchener</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cross-protective efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types: 4-year end-of-study analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial</article-title>
<source>Lancet Oncol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70287-X</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22075170</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B138-cancers-06-01793"><label>138.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>F.X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broker</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Forman</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moscicki</surname>
<given-names>A.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Doorbar</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stern</surname>
<given-names>P.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arbyn</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Poljak</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases</article-title>
<source>Vaccine</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>H1</fpage>
<lpage>H31</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24332295</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B139-cancers-06-01793"><label>139.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gillison</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Castellsague</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chaturvedi</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goodman</surname>
<given-names>M.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Snijders</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tommasino</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arbyn</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franceschi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Eurogin Roadmap: Comparative epidemiology of HPV infection and associated cancers of the head and neck and cervix</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<fpage>497</fpage>
<lpage>507</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ijc.28201</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23568556</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B140-cancers-06-01793"><label>140.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilting</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smeets</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Snijders</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>van Wieringen</surname>
<given-names>W.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>van de Wiel</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meijer</surname>
<given-names>G.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ylstra</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leemans</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meijer</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brakenhoff</surname>
<given-names>R.H.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Genomic profiling identifies common HPV-associated chromosomal alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of cervix and head and neck</article-title>
<source>BMC Med. Genomics</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>e32</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1755-8794-2-32</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B141-cancers-06-01793"><label>141.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ojesina</surname>
<given-names>A.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lichtenstein</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freeman</surname>
<given-names>S.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pedamallu</surname>
<given-names>C.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Imaz-Rosshandler</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pugh</surname>
<given-names>T.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cherniack</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ambrogio</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cibulskis</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bertelsen</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Landscape of genomic alterations in cervical carcinomas</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>506</volume>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>375</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24390348</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B142-cancers-06-01793"><label>142.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stransky</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Egloff</surname>
<given-names>A.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tward</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kostic</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cibulskis</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sivachenko</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kryukov</surname>
<given-names>G.V.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lawrence</surname>
<given-names>M.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sougnez</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McKenna</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>333</volume>
<fpage>1157</fpage>
<lpage>1160</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1208130</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21798893</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B143-cancers-06-01793"><label>143.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Agrawal</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Frederick</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pickering</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bettegowda</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>R.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fakhry</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xie</surname>
<given-names>T.X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>333</volume>
<fpage>1154</fpage>
<lpage>1157</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1206923</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21798897</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B144-cancers-06-01793"><label>144.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thierry</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaniv</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The BPV1-E2 trans-acting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region</article-title>
<source>EMBO J.</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>3391</fpage>
<lpage>3397</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2828029</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B145-cancers-06-01793"><label>145.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jeon</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Allen-Hoffmann</surname>
<given-names>B.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Integration of human papillomavirus type 16 into the human genome correlates with a selective growth advantage of cells</article-title>
<source>J. Virol.</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<fpage>2989</fpage>
<lpage>2997</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7707525</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B146-cancers-06-01793"><label>146.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goodwin</surname>
<given-names>E.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>DiMaio</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Repression of human papillomavirus oncogenes in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells causes the orderly reactivation of dormant tumor suppressor pathways</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<fpage>12513</fpage>
<lpage>12518</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.97.23.12513</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11070078</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B147-cancers-06-01793"><label>147.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schmitz</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Driesch</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Runnebaum</surname>
<given-names>I.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Durst</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Non-random integration of the HPV genome in cervical cancer</article-title>
<source>PLoS One</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>e39632</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22761851</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B148-cancers-06-01793"><label>148.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adey</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Burton</surname>
<given-names>J.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kitzman</surname>
<given-names>J.O.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hiatt</surname>
<given-names>J.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>A.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>B.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qiu</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shendure</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The haplotype-resolved genome and epigenome of the aneuploid HeLa cancer cell line</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>500</volume>
<fpage>207</fpage>
<lpage>211</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nature12064</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23925245</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B149-cancers-06-01793"><label>149.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Akagi</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Broutian</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Padilla-Nash</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rocco</surname>
<given-names>J.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Teknos</surname>
<given-names>T.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wangsa</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Genome-wide analysis of HPV integration in human cancers reveals recurrent, focal genomic instability</article-title>
<source>Genome Res.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>199</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1101/gr.164806.113</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24201445</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B150-cancers-06-01793"><label>150.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peter</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stransky</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Couturier</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hupe</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barillot</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Cremoux</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cottu</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Radvanyi</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sastre-Garau</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Frequent genomic structural alterations at HPV insertion sites in cervical carcinoma</article-title>
<source>J. Pathol.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>221</volume>
<fpage>320</fpage>
<lpage>330</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/path.2713</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20527025</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B151-cancers-06-01793"><label>151.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peter</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosty</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Couturier</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Radvanyi</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Teshima</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sastre-Garau</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>MYC activation associated with the integration of HPV DNA at the MYC locus in genital tumors</article-title>
<source>Oncogene</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>5985</fpage>
<lpage>5993</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.onc.1209625</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16682952</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B152-cancers-06-01793"><label>152.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>S.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koo</surname>
<given-names>B.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>K.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>J.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>E.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>N.H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>HPV integration begins in the tonsillar crypt and leads to the alteration of p16, EGFR and c-myc during tumor formation</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<fpage>1418</fpage>
<lpage>1425</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ijc.22464</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17205528</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B153-cancers-06-01793"><label>153.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov"><article-title>The Cancer Genome Atlas</article-title>
<comment>Available online: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cancergenome.nih.gov/">http://cancergenome.nih.gov/</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 10 June 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B154-cancers-06-01793"><label>154.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Santin</surname>
<given-names>A.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhan</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bignotti</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Siegel</surname>
<given-names>E.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cane</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bellone</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Palmieri</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anfossi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Burnett</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene expression profiles of primary HPV16- and HPV18-infected early stage cervical cancers and normal cervical epithelium: Identification of novel candidate molecular markers for cervical cancer diagnosis and therapy</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>331</volume>
<fpage>269</fpage>
<lpage>291</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.045</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15629771</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B155-cancers-06-01793"><label>155.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mattarocci</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abbruzzese</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mileo</surname>
<given-names>A.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carosi</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pescarmona</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vico</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Federico</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vizza</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Corrado</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arisi</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Identification of pivotal cellular factors involved in HPV-induced dysplastic and neoplastic cervical pathologies</article-title>
<source>J. Cell. Physiol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>229</volume>
<fpage>463</fpage>
<lpage>470</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcp.24465</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24105779</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B156-cancers-06-01793"><label>156.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hobson</surname>
<given-names>K.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferris</surname>
<given-names>R.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>S.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Identification of differentially expressed genes in HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas</article-title>
<source>Eur. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>415</fpage>
<lpage>432</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejca.2006.09.001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17079134</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B157-cancers-06-01793"><label>157.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pyeon</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Newton</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>den Boon</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sengupta</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marsit</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Woodworth</surname>
<given-names>C.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Connor</surname>
<given-names>J.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Haugen</surname>
<given-names>T.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>E.M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Fundamental differences in cell cycle deregulation in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative head/neck and cervical cancers</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<fpage>4605</fpage>
<lpage>4619</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3619</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17510386</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B158-cancers-06-01793"><label>158.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Slebos</surname>
<given-names>R.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yi</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ely</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Evjen</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shyr</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>B.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cmelak</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Burkey</surname>
<given-names>B.B.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene expression differences associated with human papillomavirus status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Clin. Cancer Res.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>701</fpage>
<lpage>709</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16467079</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B159-cancers-06-01793"><label>159.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lohavanichbutr</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Houck</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fan</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yueh</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mendez</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Futran</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Doody</surname>
<given-names>D.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Upton</surname>
<given-names>M.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Farwell</surname>
<given-names>D.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Genomewide gene expression profiles of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer: Potential implications for treatment choices</article-title>
<source>Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<fpage>180</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/archoto.2008.540</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19221247</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B160-cancers-06-01793"><label>160.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schlecht</surname>
<given-names>N.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Burk</surname>
<given-names>R.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adrien</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dunne</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kawachi</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarta</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brandwein-Gensler</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Prystowsky</surname>
<given-names>M.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Childs</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gene expression profiles in HPV-infected head and neck cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Pathol.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>213</volume>
<fpage>283</fpage>
<lpage>293</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/path.2227</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17893858</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B161-cancers-06-01793"><label>161.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sano</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Masuda</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oyama</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nakajima</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Overexpression of p16 and p14ARF is associated with human papillomavirus infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia</article-title>
<source>Pathol. Int.</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>375</fpage>
<lpage>383</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1046/j.1440-1827.2002.01359.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12100520</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B162-cancers-06-01793"><label>162.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Quelle</surname>
<given-names>D.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zindy</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ashmun</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sherr</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alternative reading frames of the INK4a tumor suppressor gene encode two unrelated proteins capable of inducing cell cycle arrest</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<fpage>993</fpage>
<lpage>1000</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0092-8674(95)90214-7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8521522</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B163-cancers-06-01793"><label>163.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khleif</surname>
<given-names>S.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>DeGregori</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yee</surname>
<given-names>C.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Otterson</surname>
<given-names>G.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kaye</surname>
<given-names>F.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nevins</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of cyclin D-CDK4/CDK6 activity is associated with an E2F-mediated induction of cyclin kinase inhibitor activity</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<fpage>4350</fpage>
<lpage>4354</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8633069</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B164-cancers-06-01793"><label>164.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Steenbergen</surname>
<given-names>R.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Snijders</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Heideman</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meijer</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical implications of (epi)genetic changes in HPV-induced cervical precancerous lesions</article-title>
<source>Nat. Rev. Cancer</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>395</fpage>
<lpage>405</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrc3728</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24854082</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B165-cancers-06-01793"><label>165.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fang</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Epigenetics and cervical cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy</article-title>
<source>Tumour. Biol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>5083</fpage>
<lpage>5093</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s13277-014-1737-z</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24554414</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B166-cancers-06-01793"><label>166.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leonard</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wei</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>S.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Diyaf</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Constandinou-Williams</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>L.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roberts</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Woodman</surname>
<given-names>C.B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oncogenic human papillomavirus imposes an instructive pattern of DNA methylation changes which parallel the natural history of cervical HPV infection in young women</article-title>
<source>Carcinogenesis</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<fpage>1286</fpage>
<lpage>1293</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/carcin/bgs157</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22552403</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B167-cancers-06-01793"><label>167.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sartor</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dolinoy</surname>
<given-names>D.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>T.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Colacino</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Prince</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carey</surname>
<given-names>T.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rozek</surname>
<given-names>L.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Genome-wide methylation and expression differences in HPV(+) and HPV(−) squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are consistent with divergent mechanisms of carcinogenesis</article-title>
<source>Epigenetics</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>777</fpage>
<lpage>787</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4161/epi.6.6.16216</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21613826</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B168-cancers-06-01793"><label>168.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Duenas-Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lizano</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Candelaria</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cetina</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arce</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cervera</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Epigenetics of cervical cancer. An overview and therapeutic perspectives</article-title>
<source>Mol. Cancer</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>38</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1476-4598-4-38</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16248899</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B169-cancers-06-01793"><label>169.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kostareli</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Holzinger</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bogatyrova</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hielscher</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wichmann</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Keck</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lahrmann</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grabe</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flechtenmacher</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schmidt</surname>
<given-names>C.R.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>HPV-related methylation signature predicts survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Investig.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<fpage>2488</fpage>
<lpage>2501</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1172/JCI67010</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23635773</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B170-cancers-06-01793"><label>170.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parkin</surname>
<given-names>D.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Cancer</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<fpage>3030</fpage>
<lpage>3044</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ijc.21731</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16404738</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/EpistemeV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000145 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000145 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= EpistemeV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4190568 |texte= Human Papillomavirus Induced Transformation in Cervical and Head and Neck Cancers }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25226287" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EpistemeV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. | ![]() |