Progress and outlook in structural biology of large viral RNAs
Identifieur interne : 000452 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000451; suivant : 000453Progress and outlook in structural biology of large viral RNAs
Auteurs : William A. Cantara ; Erik D. Olson ; Karin Musier ForsythSource :
- Virus research [ 0168-1702 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The field of viral molecular biology has reached a precipice for which pioneering studies on the structure of viral RNAs are beginning to bridge the gap. It has become clear that viral genomic RNAs are not simply carriers of hereditary information, but rather are active players in many critical stages during replication. Indeed, functions such as cap-independent translation initiation mechanisms are, in some cases, primarily driven by RNA structural determinants. Other stages including reverse transcription initiation in retroviruses, nuclear export and viral packaging are specifically dependent on the proper 3-dimensional folding of multiple RNA domains to recruit necessary viral and host factors required for activity. Furthermore, a large-scale conformational change within the 5′-untranslated region of HIV-1 has been proposed to regulate the temporal switch between viral protein synthesis and packaging. These RNA-dependent functions are necessary for replication of many human disease-causing viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus, West Nile virus, and HIV-1. The potential for antiviral development is currently hindered by a poor understanding of RNA-driven molecular mechanisms, resulting from a lack of structural information on large RNAs and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Herein, we describe the recent progress that has been made on characterizing these large RNAs and provide brief descriptions of the techniques that will be at the forefront of future advances. Ongoing and future work will contribute to a more complete understanding of the lifecycles of retroviruses and RNA viruses and potentially lead to novel antiviral strategies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.007
PubMed: 24956407
PubMed Central: 4252365
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">The field of viral molecular biology has reached a precipice for which
pioneering studies on the structure of viral RNAs are beginning to bridge the
gap. It has become clear that viral genomic RNAs are not simply carriers of
hereditary information, but rather are active players in many critical stages
during replication. Indeed, functions such as cap-independent translation
initiation mechanisms are, in some cases, primarily driven by RNA structural
determinants. Other stages including reverse transcription initiation in
retroviruses, nuclear export and viral packaging are specifically dependent on
the proper 3-dimensional folding of multiple RNA domains to recruit necessary
viral and host factors required for activity. Furthermore, a large-scale
conformational change within the 5′-untranslated region of HIV-1 has been
proposed to regulate the temporal switch between viral protein synthesis and
packaging. These RNA-dependent functions are necessary for replication of many
human disease-causing viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS)-associated coronavirus, West Nile virus, and HIV-1. The potential for
antiviral development is currently hindered by a poor understanding of
RNA-driven molecular mechanisms, resulting from a lack of structural information
on large RNAs and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Herein, we describe the recent
progress that has been made on characterizing these large RNAs and provide brief
descriptions of the techniques that will be at the forefront of future advances.
Ongoing and future work will contribute to a more complete understanding of the
lifecycles of retroviruses and RNA viruses and potentially lead to novel
antiviral strategies.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virus Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virus Res.</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Progress and outlook in structural biology of large viral
RNAs</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Cantara</surname>
<given-names>William A.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Olson</surname>
<given-names>Erik D.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Forsyth</surname>
<given-names>Karin Musier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">2</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>2</label>
<bold>Corresponding author:</bold>
Mailing address for :
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W.
18<sup>th</sup>
Ave., Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: (614) 292-2021. Fax: (614)
688-5402. <email>musier@chemistry.ohio-state.edu</email>
.</corresp>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>24</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2014</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>193</volume>
<fpage>24</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.007</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">The field of viral molecular biology has reached a precipice for which
pioneering studies on the structure of viral RNAs are beginning to bridge the
gap. It has become clear that viral genomic RNAs are not simply carriers of
hereditary information, but rather are active players in many critical stages
during replication. Indeed, functions such as cap-independent translation
initiation mechanisms are, in some cases, primarily driven by RNA structural
determinants. Other stages including reverse transcription initiation in
retroviruses, nuclear export and viral packaging are specifically dependent on
the proper 3-dimensional folding of multiple RNA domains to recruit necessary
viral and host factors required for activity. Furthermore, a large-scale
conformational change within the 5′-untranslated region of HIV-1 has been
proposed to regulate the temporal switch between viral protein synthesis and
packaging. These RNA-dependent functions are necessary for replication of many
human disease-causing viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS)-associated coronavirus, West Nile virus, and HIV-1. The potential for
antiviral development is currently hindered by a poor understanding of
RNA-driven molecular mechanisms, resulting from a lack of structural information
on large RNAs and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Herein, we describe the recent
progress that has been made on characterizing these large RNAs and provide brief
descriptions of the techniques that will be at the forefront of future advances.
Ongoing and future work will contribute to a more complete understanding of the
lifecycles of retroviruses and RNA viruses and potentially lead to novel
antiviral strategies.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>viral RNA</kwd>
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<kwd>viral translation</kwd>
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<kwd>tRNA-like structures</kwd>
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</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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