Katy Börner: Atlas of science: visualizing what we know
Identifieur interne : 000148 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000147; suivant : 000149Katy Börner: Atlas of science: visualizing what we know
Auteurs : Loet LeydesdorffSource :
- Scientometrics [ 0138-9130 ] ; 2011.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-011-0409-7
PubMed: 21836764
PubMed Central: 3125506
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Katy Börner: Atlas of science: visualizing what we know</title><author><name sortKey="Leydesdorff, Loet" sort="Leydesdorff, Loet" uniqKey="Leydesdorff L" first="Loet" last="Leydesdorff">Loet Leydesdorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21836764</idno><idno type="pmc">3125506</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3125506</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3125506</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s11192-011-0409-7</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000148</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Katy Börner: Atlas of science: visualizing what we know</title><author><name sortKey="Leydesdorff, Loet" sort="Leydesdorff, Loet" uniqKey="Leydesdorff L" first="Loet" last="Leydesdorff">Loet Leydesdorff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientometrics</title><idno type="ISSN">0138-9130</idno><idno type="eISSN">1588-2861</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernal, Jd" uniqKey="Bernal J">JD Bernal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Borner, K" uniqKey="Borner K">K Börner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boyack, Kw" uniqKey="Boyack K">KW Boyack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klavans, R" uniqKey="Klavans R">R Klavans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borner, K" uniqKey="Borner K">K Börner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Solla Price, Dj" uniqKey="Solla Price D">DJ Solla Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibbons, M" uniqKey="Gibbons M">M Gibbons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Limoges, C" uniqKey="Limoges C">C Limoges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nowotny, H" uniqKey="Nowotny H">H Nowotny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartzman, S" uniqKey="Schwartzman S">S Schwartzman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, P" uniqKey="Scott P">P Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trow, M" uniqKey="Trow M">M Trow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuhn, Ts" uniqKey="Kuhn T">TS Kuhn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schubert, A" uniqKey="Schubert A">A Schubert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gl Nzel, W" uniqKey="Gl Nzel W">W Glänzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Braun, T" uniqKey="Braun T">T Braun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="brief-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Scientometrics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientometrics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0138-9130</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1588-2861</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Netherlands</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Dordrecht</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21836764</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3125506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">409</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11192-011-0409-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Katy Börner: Atlas of science: visualizing what we know</article-title><subtitle>The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, UK, 2010, US$20</subtitle></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Leydesdorff</surname><given-names>Loet</given-names></name><address><email>loet@leydesdorff.net</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1">Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>675</fpage><lpage>677</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>4</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2011</copyright-statement></permissions><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2011</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Katy Börner (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2010</xref>) has written a wonderful book about visualization that makes our field of scientometrics accessible to much larger audiences. The book is to be read in relation to the ongoing series of exhibitions entitled “Places and Spaces: Mapping Science” currently touring the world. The book also provides the scholarly background to the exhibitions. It celebrates scientometrics as the discipline in the background that enables us to visualize the evolution of knowledge as the acumen of human civilization.</p><p>Katy Börner is deeply anchored in the tradition of the Enlightenment. In addition to Garfield and many of our other colleagues, Diderot and d’Alembert are prominently mentioned and indeed the book can be read as another Encyclopedia: one adapted for the internet age with its emphasis on access and visualization. As most of us know, the long-term project covers also the Networkbench (NWB) and the many other tools and platforms generated at the Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cns.iu.edu">http://cns.iu.edu</ext-link>) of the School of Library and Information Sciences (Indiana University, Bloomington, IN). Open-source software is thus made available systematically in an integrated environment. This major effort and strong development has now been ongoing for more than 7 years and the results pervade quantitative science studies, network analysis, and the various neighbouring fields.</p><p>The book’s focus is wider than these scholarly disciplines and begins with Ptolemy and the other classics of building maps—of the earth, the heavens, and the sciences that study them. However, the focus shifts quickly to modern time and the wealth of illustrations—which are also made available online at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://scimaps.org/atlas/maps">http://scimaps.org/atlas/maps</ext-link>—makes the book attractive for the general audience. This is the only book in my library that I can read successfully with my granddaughter.</p><p>The introductory chapter is followed by two chapters entitled “The History of Science Maps” and “Toward a Science of Science.” The aim is to be encompassing, ecumenical, and encyclopedic. The history of science mapping, in my opinion, rewrites this history from the perspective of the major efforts which the author, in collaboration with Kevin Boyack and Dick Klavans made for comprehensive science mapping during the last 10 years (e.g., Boyack et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">2005</xref>). Perhaps, this overshadows a bit the “prehistory” of science mapping such as, for example, the various mapping efforts of the 1980s when personal computing became available. The book is in this respect really a product of the 2000s: it mirrors the turn in our field from tables to visuals. The availability of a graphics environment since the mid-1990s changed this enterprise from a largely algorithmically driven one producing tables (e.g., Schubert et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">1989</xref>) to one that strives for visualization. There is a certain tension between these two—for example, because a two-dimensional map reduces a multi-dimensional space—but Katy Börner demonstrates the extent to which surplus value is to be found in meeting the demands of larger audiences.</p><sec id="Sec1"><title>“Building blocks”</title><p>The book moves on by providing the “building blocks” (pp. 50 ff.) for a “science of science.” This project of Bernal (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1939</xref>), Price (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">1961</xref>), and others, was perhaps overambitious. It was partly dissolved by the reflexive turn in the history and philosophy of science, the sociology of scientific knowledge, actor-network theory, etc. Discourses carve and codify specific windows on the complexities under study, which may lead to “incommensurabilities” among paradigms (Kuhn <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">1962</xref>) and therefore deep translation problems. These post-modernist insights are backgrounded in this book in favour of the grandiose vision of science as a human and cultural enterprise. The title is deliberately not “Atlas of the Sciences” in the plural, but “The Atlas of Science” in the singular! From this perspective, the deep divides and controversies can be appreciated as functional to the opportunity of “building bridges.” This book is deliberately transdisciplinary and “Mode-2” (Gibbons et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">1994</xref>).</p><p>Science forecasting in terms of the performativity of science maps and scenarios for the future of science mapping follow in the fourth and fifth chapter. The various mapping opportunities are richly illustrated with materials from the exhibitions. David Zeller contributes with a chapter using a “hypothetical model of the evolution and structure of science” (at pp. 174 ff.). Both this chapter and the book transpire that scientific knowledge is a long-term and trans-generational enterprise which fascinates the author and to which she wishes to contribute by visualizing the visualizations. This reflexivity in action has given us a rich source at the unbelievably low price of less than US$20. Let me advertise the book without any further hesitation: it is a celebration of our field of science.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>Open Access</title><p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.</p></ack><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bernal</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name></person-group><source>The social function of science</source><year>1939/1967</year><publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA</publisher-loc><publisher-name>MIT Press</publisher-name><fpage>1967</fpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Börner</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><source>Atlas of science: Visualizing what we know</source><year>2010</year><publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA/London, UK</publisher-loc><publisher-name>MIT Press</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Boyack</surname><given-names>KW</given-names></name><name><surname>Klavans</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Börner</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Mapping the backbone of science</article-title><source>Scientometrics</source><year>2005</year><volume>64</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>351</fpage><lpage>374</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11192-005-0255-6</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR4"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Solla Price</surname><given-names>DJ</given-names></name></person-group><source>Science since Babylon</source><year>1961</year><publisher-loc>New Haven, CT</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Yale University Press</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR5"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gibbons</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Limoges</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Nowotny</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Schwartzman</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Trow</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><source>The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies</source><year>1994</year><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR6"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuhn</surname><given-names>TS</given-names></name></person-group><source>The structure of scientific revolutions</source><year>1962</year><publisher-loc>Chicago, IL</publisher-loc><publisher-name>University of Chicago Press</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR7"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schubert</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Glänzel</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Braun</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>World flash on basic research. Scientometric datafiles. A comprehensive set of indicators on 2649 journals and 96 countries in all major science fields and subfields 1981–1985</article-title><source>Scientometrics</source><year>1989</year><volume>16</volume><issue>1–6</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>478</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF02093234</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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