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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Unique nucleocytoplasmic dsDNA and +ssRNA viruses are associated with the dinoflagellate endosymbionts of corals</title><author><name sortKey="Correa, Adrienne M S" sort="Correa, Adrienne M S" uniqKey="Correa A" first="Adrienne M S" last="Correa">Adrienne M S. Correa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welsh, Rory M" sort="Welsh, Rory M" uniqKey="Welsh R" first="Rory M" last="Welsh">Rory M. Welsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vega Thurber, Rebecca L" sort="Vega Thurber, Rebecca L" uniqKey="Vega Thurber R" first="Rebecca L" last="Vega Thurber">Rebecca L. Vega Thurber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22791238</idno><idno type="pmc">3526182</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526182</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3526182</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ismej.2012.75</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000004</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Unique nucleocytoplasmic dsDNA and +ssRNA viruses are associated with the dinoflagellate endosymbionts of corals</title><author><name sortKey="Correa, Adrienne M S" sort="Correa, Adrienne M S" uniqKey="Correa A" first="Adrienne M S" last="Correa">Adrienne M S. Correa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welsh, Rory M" sort="Welsh, Rory M" uniqKey="Welsh R" first="Rory M" last="Welsh">Rory M. Welsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vega Thurber, Rebecca L" sort="Vega Thurber, Rebecca L" uniqKey="Vega Thurber R" first="Rebecca L" last="Vega Thurber">Rebecca L. Vega Thurber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The ISME Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">1751-7362</idno><idno type="eISSN">1751-7370</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The residence of dinoflagellate algae (genus: <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>) within scleractinian corals is critical to the construction and persistence of tropical reefs. In recent decades, however, acute and chronic environmental stressors have frequently destabilized this symbiosis, ultimately leading to coral mortality and reef decline. Viral infection has been suggested as a trigger of coral–<italic>Symbiodinium</italic> dissociation; knowledge of the diversity and hosts of coral-associated viruses is critical to evaluating this hypothesis. Here, we present the first genomic evidence of viruses associated with <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>, based on the presence of transcribed +ss (single-stranded) RNA and ds (double-stranded) DNA virus-like genes in complementary DNA viromes of the coral <italic>Montastraea cavernosa</italic> and expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries generated from <italic>Symbiodinium</italic> cultures. The <italic>M. cavernosa</italic> viromes contained divergent viral sequences similar to the <italic>major capsid protein</italic> of the dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA <italic>Heterocapsa circularisquama</italic> virus, suggesting a highly novel dinornavirus could infect <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>. Further, similarities to dsDNA viruses dominated (∼69%) eukaryotic viral similarities in the <italic>M. cavernosa</italic> viromes. Transcripts highly similar to eukaryotic algae-infecting phycodnaviruses were identified in the viromes, and homologs to these sequences were found in two independently generated <italic>Symbiodinium</italic> EST libraries. Phylogenetic reconstructions substantiate that these transcripts are undescribed and distinct members of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDVs) group. Based on a preponderance of evidence, we infer that the novel NCLDVs and RNA virus described here are associated with the algal endosymbionts of corals. If such viruses disrupt <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>, they are likely to impact the flexibility and/or stability of coral–algal symbioses, and thus long-term reef health and resilience.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ISME J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ISME J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The ISME Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1751-7362</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1751-7370</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22791238</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3526182</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ismej201275</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ismej.2012.75</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Unique nucleocytoplasmic dsDNA and +ssRNA viruses are associated with the dinoflagellate endosymbionts of corals</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running"><italic>Symbiodinium</italic>-associated dsDNA and ssRNA viruses</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Correa</surname><given-names>Adrienne M S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Welsh</surname><given-names>Rory M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vega Thurber</surname><given-names>Rebecca L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, Corvallis, OR,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University</institution>, North Miami, FL,<country>USA</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University</institution>, 454 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, <country>USA</country>. E-mail: <email>adymscorrea@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>01</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 International Society for Microbial Ecology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder>International Society for Microbial Ecology</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>The residence of dinoflagellate algae (genus: <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>) within scleractinian corals is critical to the construction and persistence of tropical reefs. In recent decades, however, acute and chronic environmental stressors have frequently destabilized this symbiosis, ultimately leading to coral mortality and reef decline. Viral infection has been suggested as a trigger of coral–<italic>Symbiodinium</italic> dissociation; knowledge of the diversity and hosts of coral-associated viruses is critical to evaluating this hypothesis. Here, we present the first genomic evidence of viruses associated with <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>, based on the presence of transcribed +ss (single-stranded) RNA and ds (double-stranded) DNA virus-like genes in complementary DNA viromes of the coral <italic>Montastraea cavernosa</italic> and expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries generated from <italic>Symbiodinium</italic> cultures. The <italic>M. cavernosa</italic> viromes contained divergent viral sequences similar to the <italic>major capsid protein</italic> of the dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA <italic>Heterocapsa circularisquama</italic> virus, suggesting a highly novel dinornavirus could infect <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>. Further, similarities to dsDNA viruses dominated (∼69%) eukaryotic viral similarities in the <italic>M. cavernosa</italic> viromes. Transcripts highly similar to eukaryotic algae-infecting phycodnaviruses were identified in the viromes, and homologs to these sequences were found in two independently generated <italic>Symbiodinium</italic> EST libraries. Phylogenetic reconstructions substantiate that these transcripts are undescribed and distinct members of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDVs) group. Based on a preponderance of evidence, we infer that the novel NCLDVs and RNA virus described here are associated with the algal endosymbionts of corals. If such viruses disrupt <italic>Symbiodinium</italic>, they are likely to impact the flexibility and/or stability of coral–algal symbioses, and thus long-term reef health and resilience.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>coral reef</kwd><kwd><italic>Heterocapsa circularisquama</italic> RNA virus (HcRNAV)</kwd><kwd>nuclear cytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV)</kwd><kwd>Phycodnaviridae</kwd><kwd><italic>Symbiodinium</italic></kwd><kwd>virome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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