New Generation Sensor Web Enablement
Identifieur interne : 000273 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000272; suivant : 000274New Generation Sensor Web Enablement
Auteurs : Arne Bröring ; Johannes Echterhoff ; Simon Jirka ; Ingo Simonis ; Thomas Everding ; Christoph Stasch ; Steve Liang ; Rob LemmensSource :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [ 1424-8220 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Many sensor networks have been deployed to monitor Earth’s environment, and more will follow in the future. Environmental sensors have improved continuously by becoming smaller, cheaper, and more intelligent. Due to the large number of sensor manufacturers and differing accompanying protocols, integrating diverse sensors into observation systems is not straightforward. A coherent infrastructure is needed to treat sensors in an interoperable, platform-independent and uniform way. The concept of the Sensor Web reflects such a kind of infrastructure for sharing, finding, and accessing sensors and their data across different applications. It hides the heterogeneous sensor hardware and communication protocols from the applications built on top of it. The Sensor Web Enablement initiative of the Open Geospatial Consortium standardizes web service interfaces and data encodings which can be used as building blocks for a Sensor Web. This article illustrates and analyzes the recent developments of the new generation of the Sensor Web Enablement specification framework. Further, we relate the Sensor Web to other emerging concepts such as the Web of Things and point out challenges and resulting future work topics for research on Sensor Web Enablement.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/s110302652
PubMed: 22163760
PubMed Central: 3231615
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">New Generation Sensor Web Enablement</title><author><name sortKey="Broring, Arne" sort="Broring, Arne" uniqKey="Broring A" first="Arne" last="Bröring">Arne Bröring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-02652"> Faculty ITC, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail:<email>lemmens@itc.nl</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-02652"> 52° North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software, Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24, 48155 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:<email>jirka@52north.org</email> (S.J.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Echterhoff, Johannes" sort="Echterhoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Echterhoff J" first="Johannes" last="Echterhoff">Johannes Echterhoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-02652"> International Geospatial Services Institute, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 73, 26723 Emden, Germany; E-Mails:<email>johannes.echterhoff@igsi.eu</email> (J.E.);<email>ingo.simonis@igsi.eu</email> (I.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jirka, Simon" sort="Jirka, Simon" uniqKey="Jirka S" first="Simon" last="Jirka">Simon Jirka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-02652"> 52° North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software, Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24, 48155 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:<email>jirka@52north.org</email> (S.J.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simonis, Ingo" sort="Simonis, Ingo" uniqKey="Simonis I" first="Ingo" last="Simonis">Ingo Simonis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-02652"> International Geospatial Services Institute, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 73, 26723 Emden, Germany; E-Mails:<email>johannes.echterhoff@igsi.eu</email> (J.E.);<email>ingo.simonis@igsi.eu</email> (I.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Everding, Thomas" sort="Everding, Thomas" uniqKey="Everding T" first="Thomas" last="Everding">Thomas Everding</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stasch, Christoph" sort="Stasch, Christoph" uniqKey="Stasch C" first="Christoph" last="Stasch">Christoph Stasch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Steve" sort="Liang, Steve" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Steve" last="Liang">Steve Liang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-sensors-11-02652"> Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; E-Mail:<email>steve.liang@ucalgary.ca</email> (S.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemmens, Rob" sort="Lemmens, Rob" uniqKey="Lemmens R" first="Rob" last="Lemmens">Rob Lemmens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-02652"> Faculty ITC, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail:<email>lemmens@itc.nl</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22163760</idno><idno type="pmc">3231615</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231615</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3231615</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/s110302652</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000717</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000717</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000493</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000273</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">New Generation Sensor Web Enablement</title><author><name sortKey="Broring, Arne" sort="Broring, Arne" uniqKey="Broring A" first="Arne" last="Bröring">Arne Bröring</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-02652"> Faculty ITC, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail:<email>lemmens@itc.nl</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-02652"> 52° North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software, Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24, 48155 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:<email>jirka@52north.org</email> (S.J.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Echterhoff, Johannes" sort="Echterhoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Echterhoff J" first="Johannes" last="Echterhoff">Johannes Echterhoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-02652"> International Geospatial Services Institute, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 73, 26723 Emden, Germany; E-Mails:<email>johannes.echterhoff@igsi.eu</email> (J.E.);<email>ingo.simonis@igsi.eu</email> (I.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jirka, Simon" sort="Jirka, Simon" uniqKey="Jirka S" first="Simon" last="Jirka">Simon Jirka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-02652"> 52° North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software, Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24, 48155 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:<email>jirka@52north.org</email> (S.J.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simonis, Ingo" sort="Simonis, Ingo" uniqKey="Simonis I" first="Ingo" last="Simonis">Ingo Simonis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-02652"> International Geospatial Services Institute, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 73, 26723 Emden, Germany; E-Mails:<email>johannes.echterhoff@igsi.eu</email> (J.E.);<email>ingo.simonis@igsi.eu</email> (I.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Everding, Thomas" sort="Everding, Thomas" uniqKey="Everding T" first="Thomas" last="Everding">Thomas Everding</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stasch, Christoph" sort="Stasch, Christoph" uniqKey="Stasch C" first="Christoph" last="Stasch">Christoph Stasch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Steve" sort="Liang, Steve" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Steve" last="Liang">Steve Liang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-sensors-11-02652"> Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; E-Mail:<email>steve.liang@ucalgary.ca</email> (S.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemmens, Rob" sort="Lemmens, Rob" uniqKey="Lemmens R" first="Rob" last="Lemmens">Rob Lemmens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-02652"> Faculty ITC, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail:<email>lemmens@itc.nl</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="eISSN">1424-8220</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Many sensor networks have been deployed to monitor Earth’s environment, and more will follow in the future. Environmental sensors have improved continuously by becoming smaller, cheaper, and more intelligent. Due to the large number of sensor manufacturers and differing accompanying protocols, integrating diverse sensors into observation systems is not straightforward. A coherent infrastructure is needed to treat sensors in an interoperable, platform-independent and uniform way. The concept of the Sensor Web reflects such a kind of infrastructure for sharing, finding, and accessing sensors and their data across different applications. It hides the heterogeneous sensor hardware and communication protocols from the applications built on top of it. The Sensor Web Enablement initiative of the Open Geospatial Consortium standardizes web service interfaces and data encodings which can be used as building blocks for a Sensor Web. This article illustrates and analyzes the recent developments of the new generation of the Sensor Web Enablement specification framework. Further, we relate the Sensor Web to other emerging concepts such as the Web of Things and point out challenges and resulting future work topics for research on Sensor Web Enablement.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermudez, L" uniqKey="Bermudez L">L Bermudez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delory, E" uniqKey="Delory E">E Delory</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eilly, T" uniqKey="O Eilly T">T O’Reilly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Del Rio Fernandez, J" uniqKey="Del Rio Fernandez J">J del Rio Fernandez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stasch, C" uniqKey="Stasch C">C Stasch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janowicz, K" uniqKey="Janowicz K">K Janowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Broring, A" uniqKey="Broring A">A Bröring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reis, I" uniqKey="Reis I">I Reis</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sensors (Basel)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1424-8220</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22163760</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3231615</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/s110302652</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">sensors-11-02652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>New Generation Sensor Web Enablement</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bröring</surname><given-names>Arne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-sensors-11-02652"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-sensors-11-02652"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-sensors-11-02652"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-sensors-11-02652">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Echterhoff</surname><given-names>Johannes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-sensors-11-02652"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jirka</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-sensors-11-02652"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simonis</surname><given-names>Ingo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-sensors-11-02652"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Everding</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-sensors-11-02652"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stasch</surname><given-names>Christoph</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-sensors-11-02652"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Steve</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-sensors-11-02652"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lemmens</surname><given-names>Rob</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-sensors-11-02652"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-sensors-11-02652"><label>1</label> Institute for Geoinformatics, University of Muenster, Weseler Strasse 253, 48151 Muenster, Germany; E-Mails:<email>thomas.everding@wwu.de</email> (T.E.);<email>christoph.stasch@wwu.de</email> (C.S.)</aff><aff id="af2-sensors-11-02652"><label>2</label> Faculty ITC, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail:<email>lemmens@itc.nl</email> (R.L.)</aff><aff id="af3-sensors-11-02652"><label>3</label> 52° North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software, Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24, 48155 Muenster, Germany; E-Mail:<email>jirka@52north.org</email> (S.J.)</aff><aff id="af4-sensors-11-02652"><label>4</label> International Geospatial Services Institute, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 73, 26723 Emden, Germany; E-Mails:<email>johannes.echterhoff@igsi.eu</email> (J.E.);<email>ingo.simonis@igsi.eu</email> (I.S.)</aff><aff id="af5-sensors-11-02652"><label>5</label> Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; E-Mail:<email>steve.liang@ucalgary.ca</email> (S.L.)</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-sensors-11-02652"><label>*</label>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: <email>arneb@uni-muenster.de</email>; Tel.: +49-251-83-39761; Fax: +49-83-251-39763.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>2652</fpage><lpage>2699</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>15</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Many sensor networks have been deployed to monitor Earth’s environment, and more will follow in the future. Environmental sensors have improved continuously by becoming smaller, cheaper, and more intelligent. Due to the large number of sensor manufacturers and differing accompanying protocols, integrating diverse sensors into observation systems is not straightforward. A coherent infrastructure is needed to treat sensors in an interoperable, platform-independent and uniform way. The concept of the Sensor Web reflects such a kind of infrastructure for sharing, finding, and accessing sensors and their data across different applications. It hides the heterogeneous sensor hardware and communication protocols from the applications built on top of it. The Sensor Web Enablement initiative of the Open Geospatial Consortium standardizes web service interfaces and data encodings which can be used as building blocks for a Sensor Web. This article illustrates and analyzes the recent developments of the new generation of the Sensor Web Enablement specification framework. Further, we relate the Sensor Web to other emerging concepts such as the Web of Things and point out challenges and resulting future work topics for research on Sensor Web Enablement.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Sensor Web Enablement</kwd><kwd>SWE</kwd><kwd>OGC</kwd><kwd>sensor observation service</kwd><kwd>sensor planning service</kwd><kwd>observations & measurements</kwd><kwd>geosensor networks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>The Sensor Web layer stack and located middleware classes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="sensors-11-02652f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>Evolvement of the SWE information model. <italic>Green boxes</italic>: specifications approved as standards (or in standardization process); <italic>Beige boxes</italic>: discussion papers; <italic>Solid arrows</italic>: “evolvement to”; <italic>Dashed arrows</italic>: “dependent on”.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="sensors-11-02652f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Basic observation model of O&M 2.0.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="sensors-11-02652f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p>The new generation of the SWE interface model. <italic>Green boxes</italic>: specifications approved as standards (or in standardization process); <italic>Red boxes</italic>: best practice specifications which have not been approved as standard; <italic>Beige boxes</italic>: discussion papers; <italic>Solid arrow</italic>: “evolvement to”; <italic>Dashed arrow</italic>: “dependent on”.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="sensors-11-02652f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p>Deployment scenario for SWE services.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="sensors-11-02652f5"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Major changes from the first to the new generation of the SWE information model.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SWE Common 2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extracted to separate specification document<break></break>Separation of conceptual model and its implementation<break></break>Independence from Geography Markup Language<break></break>Improved definition of data stream encodings<break></break>Extension point mechanism</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">O&M 2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Separation of conceptual model and its implementation<break></break>Conceptual model has become ISO standard<break></break>Spatial profile has been added<break></break>New observation properties (e.g., <italic>valid time</italic> and <italic>related observation</italic>)<break></break>Revision of terminology (e.g., <italic>sampling time</italic> renamed to <italic>phenomenon time</italic>)<break></break>Dropping of <italic>observation collection</italic> type</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SensorML 2.0 (<italic>in progress</italic>)</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Property inheritance mechanism (<italic>under discussion</italic>)<break></break>Sensor interface description (<italic>under discussion</italic>)<break></break>Profiles have been defined (e.g., SensorML for Discovery)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TML</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>No evolvement</italic>. Not mentioned in the specifications of the new generation</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EML</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New specification which adds functionality for complex event processing</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Major changes introduced by SWE Service Model 2.0.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SWE Service Model 2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common capabilities content model:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Property inheritance mechanism to decrease size of capabilities documents</p></list-item><list-item><p>Introduction of <italic>abstract offering</italic> as base for offering types of specialized services</p></list-item></list>Extensibility points for operation requests, responses and other data types<break></break>Improved sensor description management:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>a sensor description is format agnostic according to O&M design principles and facilitates revision management</p></list-item><list-item><p>definition of a common <italic>DescribeSensor</italic> operation for retrieval of sensor descriptions</p></list-item><list-item><p>definition of a common <italic>UpdateSensorDescription</italic> operation for modification of existing sensor descriptions</p></list-item></list>Conceptual models for sensor insertion and deletion operations (<italic>RegisterSensor</italic> and <italic>DeleteSensor</italic>)<break></break>Basis for SWE service eventing introduced by defining a notification package to support publication of SWE service events and provision of notification metadata<break></break>Revised identifier handling to harmonize identifier usage across the SWE specifications<break></break>Definition of rules that enable automatic mapping between conceptual model and XML Schema implementation<break></break>SOAP binding introduced</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Major changes of SOS 2.0.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SOS 2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Restructuring of the specification by separating into core and extensions<break></break>KVP binding introduced<break></break>Increased interoperability:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Mandatory set of operators and operands for temporal and spatial filters</p></list-item><list-item><p>Spatial Filtering Profile defines interoperable access to spatial observations</p></list-item><list-item><p>O&M as default and mandatory response format for observations</p></list-item></list>Capabilities redesign:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>One sensor per observation offering</p></list-item><list-item><p>Related features instead of all features of interest are listed in Capabilities</p></list-item></list>Result handling redesign:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>New operations for result insertion (<italic>InsertResult</italic> and <italic>InsertResultTemplate</italic>)</p></list-item><list-item><p>New operations for result retrieval (<italic>GetResult</italic> and <italic>GetResultTemplate</italic>)</p></list-item></list>Advanced feature retrieval by extending the <italic>GetFeatureOfInterest</italic> operation<break></break>Removed operations for the retrieval of types (<italic>DescribeObservationType</italic>, <italic>DescribeResultModel</italic>, and <italic>DescribeFeatureType</italic>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SOS 2.0—Get Data Availability Extension</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Added extension for the retrieval of metadata about available data (<italic>GetDataAvailability</italic> operation)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 4.</label><caption><p>Major changes of SPS 2.0.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="cols"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPS 2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Harmonization with SWE Service Model and SWE Common specification:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Implementation of operations according to SWE Service Model</p></list-item><list-item><p>Tasking parameters and tasking parameter descriptions based on SWE Common</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Redesign of task handling and status model:
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Clear definition of state change semantics</p></list-item><list-item><p>New operations: <italic>GetTask</italic>, <italic>Confirm</italic>, <italic>Reserve</italic></p></list-item><list-item><p>Advanced status reporting</p></list-item></list>New asynchronous communication concept<break></break>SOAP binding introduced</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPS EO Profile</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPS Earth Observation Profile Update</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 5.</label><caption><p>Major changes of Eventing and Alerting architecture.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SES (as the successor of SAS)</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Integration and leveraging of existing standards for realizing publish/subscribe interface and encoding event data (e.g., WS-Notification and O&M)<break></break>Enhanced filtering and processing functionality</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EML</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enables Event Processing functionality for detecting patterns in (sensor) data streams and deriving new, higher-level information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WNS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>no changes yet</italic>; may be updated in future</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t6-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 6.</label><caption><p>Major advancements introduced by discovery architecture.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Specification</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Description of change</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SensorML Profile for Discovery</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Profile of SensorML ensuring the presence of a minimum set of metadata that is necessary for allowing sensor discovery.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SensorML-ebRIM Mapping</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mapping of SensorML elements into the ebRIM Catalogue information model in order to enable the management of sensor metadata by OGC Catalogues.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SIR</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Web service interface for managing sensor metadata; this includes the collection of sensor metadata, management of sensor status information as well as functionality for pushing sensor metadata into OGC Catalogues.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SOR</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Web service interface for accessing phenomenon definitions and for exploring semantic relationships between different phenomena.</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t7-sensors-11-02652" position="float"><label>Table 7.</label><caption><p>Overview of selected projects and their utilization of certain SWE services.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="cols"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Project Name</bold></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Funding Source</bold></th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Time Frame</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SOS</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SPS</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SAS</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SES</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>WNS</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SIR</bold></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SOR</bold></th></tr><tr><th colspan="10" align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFIS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ESKOM, CSIR</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Esk<break></break>Hydrological Sensor Web</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CSRIRO WfHC</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GITEWS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMBF</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005–2008</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OSIRIS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-6</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006–2009</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SANY</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-6</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006–2009</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intamap</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-6</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006–2009</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OOSTethys</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NOAA, NSF</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006–2009</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oceans IE 1 & 2</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>unfunded</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006–2009</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SoKNOS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMBF</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007–2010</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">h2.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Google.org</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009–2010</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groundwater IE</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>unfunded</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surface Water IE</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>unfunded</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010–2011</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GeoCENS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CANARIE</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009–2011</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GENESIS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU FP-7</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009–2012</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ESS</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-7</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2009–2013</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EO2Heaven</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-7</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010–2013</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UncertWeb</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EC FP-7</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010–2013</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Broring, Arne" sort="Broring, Arne" uniqKey="Broring A" first="Arne" last="Bröring">Arne Bröring</name><name sortKey="Echterhoff, Johannes" sort="Echterhoff, Johannes" uniqKey="Echterhoff J" first="Johannes" last="Echterhoff">Johannes Echterhoff</name><name sortKey="Everding, Thomas" sort="Everding, Thomas" uniqKey="Everding T" first="Thomas" last="Everding">Thomas Everding</name><name sortKey="Jirka, Simon" sort="Jirka, Simon" uniqKey="Jirka S" first="Simon" last="Jirka">Simon Jirka</name><name sortKey="Lemmens, Rob" sort="Lemmens, Rob" uniqKey="Lemmens R" first="Rob" last="Lemmens">Rob Lemmens</name><name sortKey="Liang, Steve" sort="Liang, Steve" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Steve" last="Liang">Steve Liang</name><name sortKey="Simonis, Ingo" sort="Simonis, Ingo" uniqKey="Simonis I" first="Ingo" last="Simonis">Ingo Simonis</name><name sortKey="Stasch, Christoph" sort="Stasch, Christoph" uniqKey="Stasch C" first="Christoph" last="Stasch">Christoph Stasch</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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