Thermal Detection Thresholds of Aδ- and C-Fibre Afferents Activated by Brief CO2 Laser Pulses Applied onto the Human Hairy Skin
Identifieur interne : 000386 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000385; suivant : 000387Thermal Detection Thresholds of Aδ- and C-Fibre Afferents Activated by Brief CO2 Laser Pulses Applied onto the Human Hairy Skin
Auteurs : Maxim Churyukanov [Belgique, Russie] ; Léon Plaghki [Belgique] ; Valéry Legrain [Belgique] ; André Mouraux [Belgique]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Brief high-power laser pulses applied onto the hairy skin of the distal end of a limb generate a double sensation related to the activation of Aδ- and C-fibres, referred to as first and second pain. However, neurophysiological and behavioural responses related to the activation of C-fibres can be studied reliably only if the concomitant activation of Aδ-fibres is avoided. Here, using a novel CO2 laser stimulator able to deliver constant-temperature heat pulses through a feedback regulation of laser power by an online measurement of skin temperature at target site, combined with an adaptive staircase algorithm using reaction-time to distinguish between responses triggered by Aδ- and C-fibre input, we show that it is possible to estimate robustly and independently the thermal detection thresholds of Aδ-fibres (46.9±1.7°C) and C-fibres (39.8±1.7°C). Furthermore, we show that both thresholds are dependent on the skin temperature preceding and/or surrounding the test stimulus, indicating that the Aδ- and C-fibre afferents triggering the behavioural responses to brief laser pulses behave, at least partially, as detectors of a change in skin temperature rather than as pure level detectors. Most importantly, our results show that the difference in threshold between Aδ- and C-fibre afferents activated by brief laser pulses can be exploited to activate C-fibres selectively and reliably, provided that the rise in skin temperature generated by the laser stimulator is well-controlled. Our approach could constitute a tool to explore, in humans, the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in processing C- and Aδ-fibre input, respectively.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035817
PubMed: 22558230
PubMed Central: 3338467
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Brief high-power laser pulses applied onto the hairy skin of the distal end of a limb generate a double sensation related to the activation of Aδ- and C-fibres, referred to as first and second pain. However, neurophysiological and behavioural responses related to the activation of C-fibres can be studied reliably only if the concomitant activation of Aδ-fibres is avoided. Here, using a novel CO<sub>2</sub>
laser stimulator able to deliver constant-temperature heat pulses through a feedback regulation of laser power by an online measurement of skin temperature at target site, combined with an adaptive staircase algorithm using reaction-time to distinguish between responses triggered by Aδ- and C-fibre input, we show that it is possible to estimate robustly and independently the thermal detection thresholds of Aδ-fibres (46.9±1.7°C) and C-fibres (39.8±1.7°C). Furthermore, we show that both thresholds are dependent on the skin temperature preceding and/or surrounding the test stimulus, indicating that the Aδ- and C-fibre afferents triggering the behavioural responses to brief laser pulses behave, at least partially, as detectors of a change in skin temperature rather than as pure level detectors. Most importantly, our results show that the difference in threshold between Aδ- and C-fibre afferents activated by brief laser pulses can be exploited to activate C-fibres selectively and reliably, provided that the rise in skin temperature generated by the laser stimulator is well-controlled. Our approach could constitute a tool to explore, in humans, the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in processing C- and Aδ-fibre input, respectively.</p>
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</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Neurological System</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Sensory Physiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Skin</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Skin Physiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Neuroscience</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Cognitive Neuroscience</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pain</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Sensory Perception</subject>
<subject>Sensory Systems</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Skin</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Skin Physiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Anesthesiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pain Management</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Neurology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pain Management</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Thermal Detection Thresholds of Aδ- and C-Fibre Afferents Activated by Brief CO<sub>2</sub>
Laser Pulses Applied onto the Human Hairy Skin</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Heat Detection Threshold of Aδ and C Nociceptors</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Churyukanov</surname>
<given-names>Maxim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Plaghki</surname>
<given-names>Léon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Legrain</surname>
<given-names>Valéry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mouraux</surname>
<given-names>André</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Nervous Diseases, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology RAMS, Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>El-Deredy</surname>
<given-names>Wael</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">University of Manchester, United Kingdom</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>andre.mouraux@uclouvain.be</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MC LP VL AM. Performed the experiments: MC AM. Analyzed the data: MC LP VL AM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM. Wrote the paper: MC LP VL AM.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e35817</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Churyukanov et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Brief high-power laser pulses applied onto the hairy skin of the distal end of a limb generate a double sensation related to the activation of Aδ- and C-fibres, referred to as first and second pain. However, neurophysiological and behavioural responses related to the activation of C-fibres can be studied reliably only if the concomitant activation of Aδ-fibres is avoided. Here, using a novel CO<sub>2</sub>
laser stimulator able to deliver constant-temperature heat pulses through a feedback regulation of laser power by an online measurement of skin temperature at target site, combined with an adaptive staircase algorithm using reaction-time to distinguish between responses triggered by Aδ- and C-fibre input, we show that it is possible to estimate robustly and independently the thermal detection thresholds of Aδ-fibres (46.9±1.7°C) and C-fibres (39.8±1.7°C). Furthermore, we show that both thresholds are dependent on the skin temperature preceding and/or surrounding the test stimulus, indicating that the Aδ- and C-fibre afferents triggering the behavioural responses to brief laser pulses behave, at least partially, as detectors of a change in skin temperature rather than as pure level detectors. Most importantly, our results show that the difference in threshold between Aδ- and C-fibre afferents activated by brief laser pulses can be exploited to activate C-fibres selectively and reliably, provided that the rise in skin temperature generated by the laser stimulator is well-controlled. Our approach could constitute a tool to explore, in humans, the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in processing C- and Aδ-fibre input, respectively.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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