Use of thulium-sensitized rare earth-doped low phonon energy crystalline hosts for IR sources
Identifieur interne : 000256 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000255; suivant : 000257Use of thulium-sensitized rare earth-doped low phonon energy crystalline hosts for IR sources
Auteurs : Joseph Ganem [États-Unis] ; Steven R. Bowman [États-Unis]Source :
- Nanoscale Research Letters [ 1931-7573 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Crystalline hosts with low phonon energies enable novel energy transfer processes when doped with rare earth ions. Two applications of energy transfer for rare earth ions in thulium-sensitized low phonon energy crystals that result in infrared luminescence are discussed. One application is an endothermic, phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process in thulium-doped yttrium chloride that converts lattice phonons to infrared emission, which raises the possibility of a fundamentally new method for achieving solid-state optical cooling. The other application is an optically pumped mid-IR phosphor using thulium-praseodymium-doped potassium lead chloride that converts 805-nm diode light to broadband emission from 4,000 to 5,500 nm. These two applications in chloride crystals are discussed in terms of critical radii calculated from Forster-Dexter energy transfer theory. It is found that the critical radii for electric dipole-dipole interactions in low phonon energy chloride crystals are comparable to those in conventional oxide and fluoride crystals. It is the reduction in multi-phonon relaxation rates in chloride crystals that enable these additional energy transfer processes and infrared luminescence.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-455
PubMed: 24180684
PubMed Central: 4228387
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Crystalline hosts with low phonon energies enable novel energy transfer processes when doped with rare earth ions. Two applications of energy transfer for rare earth ions in thulium-sensitized low phonon energy crystals that result in infrared luminescence are discussed. One application is an endothermic, phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process in thulium-doped yttrium chloride that converts lattice phonons to infrared emission, which raises the possibility of a fundamentally new method for achieving solid-state optical cooling. The other application is an optically pumped mid-IR phosphor using thulium-praseodymium-doped potassium lead chloride that converts 805-nm diode light to broadband emission from 4,000 to 5,500 nm. These two applications in chloride crystals are discussed in terms of critical radii calculated from Forster-Dexter energy transfer theory. It is found that the critical radii for electric dipole-dipole interactions in low phonon energy chloride crystals are comparable to those in conventional oxide and fluoride crystals. It is the reduction in multi-phonon relaxation rates in chloride crystals that enable these additional energy transfer processes and infrared luminescence.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nanoscale Res Lett</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nanoscale Res Lett</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Nanoscale Research Letters</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1931-7573</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1556-276X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24180684</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4228387</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1556-276X-8-455</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1556-276X-8-455</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Nano Express</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Use of thulium-sensitized rare earth-doped low phonon energy crystalline hosts for IR sources</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Ganem</surname>
<given-names>Joseph</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>Ganem@loyola.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Bowman</surname>
<given-names>Steven R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>steven.bowman@nrl.navy.mil</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
Department of Physics, Loyola University Maryland, 4501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>455</fpage>
<lpage>455</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Ganem and Bowman; licensee Springer.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Ganem and Bowman; licensee Springer.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/8/1/455"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Crystalline hosts with low phonon energies enable novel energy transfer processes when doped with rare earth ions. Two applications of energy transfer for rare earth ions in thulium-sensitized low phonon energy crystals that result in infrared luminescence are discussed. One application is an endothermic, phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process in thulium-doped yttrium chloride that converts lattice phonons to infrared emission, which raises the possibility of a fundamentally new method for achieving solid-state optical cooling. The other application is an optically pumped mid-IR phosphor using thulium-praseodymium-doped potassium lead chloride that converts 805-nm diode light to broadband emission from 4,000 to 5,500 nm. These two applications in chloride crystals are discussed in terms of critical radii calculated from Forster-Dexter energy transfer theory. It is found that the critical radii for electric dipole-dipole interactions in low phonon energy chloride crystals are comparable to those in conventional oxide and fluoride crystals. It is the reduction in multi-phonon relaxation rates in chloride crystals that enable these additional energy transfer processes and infrared luminescence.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rare earth-doped crystals</kwd>
<kwd>Thulium cross-relaxation</kwd>
<kwd>Solid-state optical cooling</kwd>
<kwd>Mid-infrared sources</kwd>
<kwd>Optically pumped mid-infrared phosphors</kwd>
<kwd>Potassium lead chloride</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>42.72.Ai</kwd>
<kwd>78.60.Lc</kwd>
<kwd>63.20.kd</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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