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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Radiant energy during infrared neural stimulation at the target structure</title><author><name sortKey="Richter, Claus Peter" sort="Richter, Claus Peter" uniqKey="Richter C" first="Claus-Peter" last="Richter">Claus-Peter Richter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Searle 12-561, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E310, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">The Hugh Knowles Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajguru, Suhrud" sort="Rajguru, Suhrud" uniqKey="Rajguru S" first="Suhrud" last="Rajguru">Suhrud Rajguru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami FL 33146, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stafford, Ryan" sort="Stafford, Ryan" uniqKey="Stafford R" first="Ryan" last="Stafford">Ryan Stafford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Lockheed Martin Aculight, 22121 20th Ave SE, Bothell WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stock, Stuart R" sort="Stock, Stuart R" uniqKey="Stock S" first="Stuart R." last="Stock">Stuart R. Stock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25075261</idno><idno type="pmc">4112115</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112115</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4112115</idno><idno type="doi">10.1117/12.2013849</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000318</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000318</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Radiant energy during infrared neural stimulation at the target structure</title><author><name sortKey="Richter, Claus Peter" sort="Richter, Claus Peter" uniqKey="Richter C" first="Claus-Peter" last="Richter">Claus-Peter Richter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Searle 12-561, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E310, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">The Hugh Knowles Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajguru, Suhrud" sort="Rajguru, Suhrud" uniqKey="Rajguru S" first="Suhrud" last="Rajguru">Suhrud Rajguru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami FL 33146, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stafford, Ryan" sort="Stafford, Ryan" uniqKey="Stafford R" first="Ryan" last="Stafford">Ryan Stafford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Lockheed Martin Aculight, 22121 20th Ave SE, Bothell WA, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stock, Stuart R" sort="Stock, Stuart R" uniqKey="Stock S" first="Stuart R." last="Stock">Stuart R. Stock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of SPIE</title><idno type="ISSN">1996-756X</idno><idno type="eISSN">0277-786X</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Infrared neural stimulation (INS) describes a method, by which an infrared laser is used to stimulate neurons. The major benefit of INS over stimulating neurons with electrical current is its spatial selectivity. To translate the technique into a clinical application it is important to know the energy required to stimulate the neural structure. With this study we provide measurements of the radiant exposure, at the target structure that is required to stimulate the auditory neurons. Flat polished fibers were inserted into scala tympani so that the spiral ganglion was in front of the optical fiber. Angle polished fibers were inserted along scala tympani, and rotating the beveled surface of the fiber allowed the radiation beam to be directed perpendicular to the spiral ganglion. The radiant exposure for stimulation at the modiolus for flat and angle polished fibers averaged 6.78±2.15 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. With the angle polished fibers, a 90° change in the orientation of the optical beam from an orientation that resulted in an INS-evoked maximum response, resulted in a 50% drop in the response amplitude. When the orientation of the beam was changed by 180°, such that it was directed opposite to the orientation with the maxima, minimum response amplitude was observed.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101524122</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">37467</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc SPIE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc SPIE</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of SPIE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-756X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0277-786X</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25075261</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4112115</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1117/12.2013849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS565060</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Radiant energy during infrared neural stimulation at the target structure</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richter</surname><given-names>Claus-Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajguru</surname><given-names>Suhrud</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stafford</surname><given-names>Ryan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stock</surname><given-names>Stuart R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Searle 12-561, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E310, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>The Hugh Knowles Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami FL 33146, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Lockheed Martin Aculight, 22121 20th Ave SE, Bothell WA, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA</aff><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>26</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>8</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>27</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8565</volume><fpage>85655P</fpage><lpage></lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1117/12.2013849</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 SPIE</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p id="P1">Infrared neural stimulation (INS) describes a method, by which an infrared laser is used to stimulate neurons. The major benefit of INS over stimulating neurons with electrical current is its spatial selectivity. To translate the technique into a clinical application it is important to know the energy required to stimulate the neural structure. With this study we provide measurements of the radiant exposure, at the target structure that is required to stimulate the auditory neurons. Flat polished fibers were inserted into scala tympani so that the spiral ganglion was in front of the optical fiber. Angle polished fibers were inserted along scala tympani, and rotating the beveled surface of the fiber allowed the radiation beam to be directed perpendicular to the spiral ganglion. The radiant exposure for stimulation at the modiolus for flat and angle polished fibers averaged 6.78±2.15 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. With the angle polished fibers, a 90° change in the orientation of the optical beam from an orientation that resulted in an INS-evoked maximum response, resulted in a 50% drop in the response amplitude. When the orientation of the beam was changed by 180°, such that it was directed opposite to the orientation with the maxima, minimum response amplitude was observed.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>infrared neural stimulation</kwd><kwd>hearing</kwd><kwd>cochlea</kwd><kwd>laser</kwd><kwd>optical stimulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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