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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hoeft, Fumiko" sort="Hoeft, Fumiko" uniqKey="Hoeft F" first="Fumiko" last="Hoeft">Fumiko Hoeft</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gabrieli, John D E" sort="Gabrieli, John D E" uniqKey="Gabrieli J" first="John D. E." last="Gabrieli">John D. E. Gabrieli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitfield Gabrieli, Susan" sort="Whitfield Gabrieli, Susan" uniqKey="Whitfield Gabrieli S" first="Susan" last="Whitfield-Gabrieli">Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Brian W" sort="Haas, Brian W" uniqKey="Haas B" first="Brian W." last="Haas">Brian W. Haas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bammer, Roland" sort="Bammer, Roland" uniqKey="Bammer R" first="Roland" last="Bammer">Roland Bammer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Menon, Vinod" sort="Menon, Vinod" uniqKey="Menon V" first="Vinod" last="Menon">Vinod Menon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spiegel, David" sort="Spiegel, David" uniqKey="Spiegel D" first="David" last="Spiegel">David Spiegel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23026956</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4365296</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365296</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4365296</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2190</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000301</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000301</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hoeft, Fumiko" sort="Hoeft, Fumiko" uniqKey="Hoeft F" first="Fumiko" last="Hoeft">Fumiko Hoeft</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gabrieli, John D E" sort="Gabrieli, John D E" uniqKey="Gabrieli J" first="John D. E." last="Gabrieli">John D. E. Gabrieli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitfield Gabrieli, Susan" sort="Whitfield Gabrieli, Susan" uniqKey="Whitfield Gabrieli S" first="Susan" last="Whitfield-Gabrieli">Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Brian W" sort="Haas, Brian W" uniqKey="Haas B" first="Brian W." last="Haas">Brian W. Haas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bammer, Roland" sort="Bammer, Roland" uniqKey="Bammer R" first="Roland" last="Bammer">Roland Bammer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Menon, Vinod" sort="Menon, Vinod" uniqKey="Menon V" first="Vinod" last="Menon">Vinod Menon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spiegel, David" sort="Spiegel, David" uniqKey="Spiegel D" first="David" last="Spiegel">David Spiegel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Archives of general psychiatry</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0003-990X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1538-3636</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Context</title>
<p id="P1">Focused hypnotic concentration is a model for brain control over sensation and behavior. Pain and anxiety can be effectively alleviated by hypnotic suggestion, which modulates activity in brain regions associated with focused attention, but the specific neural network underlying this phenomenon is not known.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P2">The main goal of the study was to investigate the brain basis of hypnotizability.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Design</title>
<p id="P3">Cross sectional, in-vivo neuroimaging study.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Setting</title>
<p id="P4">Academic medical center at Stanford University School of Medicine.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Patients</title>
<p id="P5">12 adults with high and 12 adults with low hypnotizability.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S6"><title>Main Outcome Measures</title>
<p id="P6">(1) functional MRI (fMRI) to measure functional connectivity networks at rest including default-mode, salience and executive-control networks, (2) structural T1 MRI to measure regional grey and white matter volumes, and (3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter microstructural integrity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S7"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P7">High-compared to low-hypnotizable individuals showed greater functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an executive-control region of the brain, and the salience network composed of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula, amygdala, and ventral striatum, involved in detecting, integrating, and filtering relevant somatic, autonomic, and emotional information, using independent component analysis (ICA). Seed based analysis confirmed elevated functional coupling between the dACC and the DLPFC in high, compared to low, hypnotizables. These functional differences were not due to variation in brain structure in these regions, including regional grey and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S8"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P8">Our results provide novel evidence that altered functional connectivity in DLPFC and dACC may underlie hypnotizability. Future studies focusing on how these functional networks change and interact during hypnosis are warranted.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0372435</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">744</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arch Gen Psychiatry</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch. Gen. Psychiatry</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Archives of general psychiatry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0003-990X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1538-3636</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23026956</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4365296</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2190</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS463297</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoeft</surname>
<given-names>Fumiko</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gabrieli</surname>
<given-names>John D.E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Whitfield-Gabrieli</surname>
<given-names>Susan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BSc</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haas</surname>
<given-names>Brian W.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bammer</surname>
<given-names>Roland</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menon</surname>
<given-names>Vinod</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spiegel</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5795</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5795</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<bold>CORRESPONDENCE</bold>
ADDRESS: 401 Quarry Road, Office 2325, Stanford, CA, 94305-5718; <email>dspiegel@stanford.edu</email>
; TEL: 650 723-6421 FAX: 650 498-6678</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>12</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1064</fpage>
<lpage>1072</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2190</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Context</title>
<p id="P1">Focused hypnotic concentration is a model for brain control over sensation and behavior. Pain and anxiety can be effectively alleviated by hypnotic suggestion, which modulates activity in brain regions associated with focused attention, but the specific neural network underlying this phenomenon is not known.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P2">The main goal of the study was to investigate the brain basis of hypnotizability.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Design</title>
<p id="P3">Cross sectional, in-vivo neuroimaging study.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Setting</title>
<p id="P4">Academic medical center at Stanford University School of Medicine.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5"><title>Patients</title>
<p id="P5">12 adults with high and 12 adults with low hypnotizability.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S6"><title>Main Outcome Measures</title>
<p id="P6">(1) functional MRI (fMRI) to measure functional connectivity networks at rest including default-mode, salience and executive-control networks, (2) structural T1 MRI to measure regional grey and white matter volumes, and (3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter microstructural integrity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S7"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P7">High-compared to low-hypnotizable individuals showed greater functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an executive-control region of the brain, and the salience network composed of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula, amygdala, and ventral striatum, involved in detecting, integrating, and filtering relevant somatic, autonomic, and emotional information, using independent component analysis (ICA). Seed based analysis confirmed elevated functional coupling between the dACC and the DLPFC in high, compared to low, hypnotizables. These functional differences were not due to variation in brain structure in these regions, including regional grey and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S8"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P8">Our results provide novel evidence that altered functional connectivity in DLPFC and dACC may underlie hypnotizability. Future studies focusing on how these functional networks change and interact during hypnosis are warranted.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>hypnosis</kwd>
<kwd>hypnotizability</kwd>
<kwd>fMRI</kwd>
<kwd>resting-state functional connectivity</kwd>
<kwd>dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)</kwd>
<kwd>dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)</kwd>
<kwd>salience network</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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