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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Pulsed infrared light alters neural activity in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cayce, Jonathan M" sort="Cayce, Jonathan M" uniqKey="Cayce J" first="Jonathan M." last="Cayce">Jonathan M. Cayce</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedman, Robert M" sort="Friedman, Robert M" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Robert M." last="Friedman">Robert M. Friedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, E Duco" sort="Jansen, E Duco" uniqKey="Jansen E" first="E. Duco" last="Jansen">E. Duco Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahavaden Jansen, Anita" sort="Mahavaden Jansen, Anita" uniqKey="Mahavaden Jansen A" first="Anita" last="Mahavaden-Jansen">Anita Mahavaden-Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roe, Anna W" sort="Roe, Anna W" uniqKey="Roe A" first="Anna W." last="Roe">Anna W. Roe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21513806</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3108823</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108823</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3108823</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.084</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000251</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000251</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Pulsed infrared light alters neural activity in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cayce, Jonathan M" sort="Cayce, Jonathan M" uniqKey="Cayce J" first="Jonathan M." last="Cayce">Jonathan M. Cayce</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedman, Robert M" sort="Friedman, Robert M" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Robert M." last="Friedman">Robert M. Friedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, E Duco" sort="Jansen, E Duco" uniqKey="Jansen E" first="E. Duco" last="Jansen">E. Duco Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahavaden Jansen, Anita" sort="Mahavaden Jansen, Anita" uniqKey="Mahavaden Jansen A" first="Anita" last="Mahavaden-Jansen">Anita Mahavaden-Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roe, Anna W" sort="Roe, Anna W" uniqKey="Roe A" first="Anna W." last="Roe">Anna W. Roe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">NeuroImage</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1053-8119</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-9572</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Pulsed infrared light has shown promise as an alternative to electrical stimulation in applications where contact free or high spatial precision stimulation are desired. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is well characterized in the peripheral nervous system; however, to date, research has been limited in the central nervous system. In this study, pulsed infrared light (λ=1.875 μm, pulse width=250 μs, radiant exposure=0.01–0.55 J/cm<sup>2</sup>
, fiber size=400 μm, repetition rate=50–200 Hz) was used to stimulate the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats, and its efficacy was assessed using intrinsic optical imaging and electrophysiology techniques. INS was found to evoke an intrinsic response of similar magnitude to that evoked by tactile stimulation (0.3–0.4% change in intrinsic signal magnitude). A maximum deflection in the intrinsic signal was measured to range from 0.05% to 0.4% in response to INS, and the activated region of cortex measured approximately 2 mm in diameter. The intrinsic signal magnitude increased with faster laser repetition rates and increasing radiant exposures. Single unit recordings indicated a statistically significant decrease in neuronal firing that was observed at the onset of INS stimulation (0.5 s stimulus) and continued up to 1 s after stimulation onset. The pattern of neuronal firing differed from that observed during tactile stimulation, potentially due to a different spatial integration field of the pulsed infrared light compared to tactile stimulation. The results demonstrate that INS can be used safely and effectively to manipulate neuronal firing.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9215515</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">20498</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuroimage</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>NeuroImage</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1053-8119</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-9572</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21513806</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3108823</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.084</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS289412</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Pulsed infrared light alters neural activity in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cayce</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friedman</surname>
<given-names>Robert M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>E. Duco</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahavaden-Jansen</surname>
<given-names>Anita</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roe</surname>
<given-names>Anna W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>a</label>
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>b</label>
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Corresponding Author: Anna W. Roe, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Department of Psychology, 301 Wilson Hall, 111 21<sup>st</sup>
Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, Phone: (615) 343-0901, <email>anna.roe@vanderbilt.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>19</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>166</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2010</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P2">Pulsed infrared light has shown promise as an alternative to electrical stimulation in applications where contact free or high spatial precision stimulation are desired. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is well characterized in the peripheral nervous system; however, to date, research has been limited in the central nervous system. In this study, pulsed infrared light (λ=1.875 μm, pulse width=250 μs, radiant exposure=0.01–0.55 J/cm<sup>2</sup>
, fiber size=400 μm, repetition rate=50–200 Hz) was used to stimulate the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats, and its efficacy was assessed using intrinsic optical imaging and electrophysiology techniques. INS was found to evoke an intrinsic response of similar magnitude to that evoked by tactile stimulation (0.3–0.4% change in intrinsic signal magnitude). A maximum deflection in the intrinsic signal was measured to range from 0.05% to 0.4% in response to INS, and the activated region of cortex measured approximately 2 mm in diameter. The intrinsic signal magnitude increased with faster laser repetition rates and increasing radiant exposures. Single unit recordings indicated a statistically significant decrease in neuronal firing that was observed at the onset of INS stimulation (0.5 s stimulus) and continued up to 1 s after stimulation onset. The pattern of neuronal firing differed from that observed during tactile stimulation, potentially due to a different spatial integration field of the pulsed infrared light compared to tactile stimulation. The results demonstrate that INS can be used safely and effectively to manipulate neuronal firing.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Infrared neural stimulation</kwd>
<kwd>INS</kwd>
<kwd>laser stimulation</kwd>
<kwd>optical imaging</kwd>
<kwd>cerebral cortex</kwd>
<kwd>electrical stimulation</kwd>
<kwd>tactile</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke : NINDS</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 NS044375-08 || NS</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke : NINDS</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 NS044375-07 || NS</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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