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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Painful laser stimuli induce directed functional interactions within and between the human amygdala and hippocampus</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, C C" sort="Liu, C C" uniqKey="Liu C" first="C. C." last="Liu">C. C. Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, C Q" sort="Shi, C Q" uniqKey="Shi C" first="C-Q" last="Shi">C-Q Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franaszczuk, P J" sort="Franaszczuk, P J" uniqKey="Franaszczuk P" first="P. J." last="Franaszczuk">P. J. Franaszczuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crone, N E" sort="Crone, N E" uniqKey="Crone N" first="N. E." last="Crone">N. E. Crone</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schretlen, D" sort="Schretlen, D" uniqKey="Schretlen D" first="D." last="Schretlen">D. Schretlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Medical Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohara, S" sort="Ohara, S" uniqKey="Ohara S" first="S." last="Ohara">S. Ohara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenz, F A" sort="Lenz, F A" uniqKey="Lenz F" first="F. A." last="Lenz">F. A. Lenz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21256929</idno><idno type="pmc">3048957</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048957</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3048957</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.029</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000224</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000224</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Painful laser stimuli induce directed functional interactions within and between the human amygdala and hippocampus</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, C C" sort="Liu, C C" uniqKey="Liu C" first="C. C." last="Liu">C. C. Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, C Q" sort="Shi, C Q" uniqKey="Shi C" first="C-Q" last="Shi">C-Q Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franaszczuk, P J" sort="Franaszczuk, P J" uniqKey="Franaszczuk P" first="P. J." last="Franaszczuk">P. J. Franaszczuk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crone, N E" sort="Crone, N E" uniqKey="Crone N" first="N. E." last="Crone">N. E. Crone</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schretlen, D" sort="Schretlen, D" uniqKey="Schretlen D" first="D." last="Schretlen">D. Schretlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Medical Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohara, S" sort="Ohara, S" uniqKey="Ohara S" first="S." last="Ohara">S. Ohara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenz, F A" sort="Lenz, F A" uniqKey="Lenz F" first="F. A." last="Lenz">F. A. Lenz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Neuroscience</title><idno type="ISSN">0306-4522</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-7544</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">The pathways by which painful stimuli are signaled within the human medial temporal lobe are unknown. Rodent studies have shown that nociceptive inputs are transmitted from the brainstem or thalamus through one of two pathways to the central nucleus of the amygdala. The indirect pathway projects from the basal and lateral nuclei of the amygdala to the central nucleus, while the direct pathway projects directly to the central nucleus. We now test the hypothesis that the human ventral amygdala (putative basal and lateral nuclei) exerts a causal influence upon the dorsal amygdala (putative central nucleus), during the application of a painful laser stimulus.</p><p id="P2">Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from depth electrode contacts implanted in the medial temporal lobe for the treatment of epilepsy, and causal influences were analyzed by Granger causality (GRC). This analysis indicates that the dorsal amygdala exerts a pre-stimulus causal influence upon the hippocampus, consistent with an attention-related response to the painful laser. Within the amygdala, the analysis indicates that the ventral contacts exert a causal influence upon dorsal contacts, consistent with the human (putative) indirect pathway. Potentials evoked by the laser (LEPs) were not recorded in the ventral nuclei, but were recorded at dorsal amygdala contacts which were not preferentially those receiving causal influences from the ventral contacts. Therefore, it seems likely that the putative indirect pathway is associated with causal influences from the ventral to the dorsal amygdala, and is distinct from the human (putative) indirect pathway which mediates LEPs in the dorsal amygdala.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7605074</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6087</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuroscience</journal-id><journal-title>Neuroscience</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0306-4522</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-7544</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21256929</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3048957</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.029</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS274855</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Painful laser stimuli induce directed functional interactions within and between the human amygdala and hippocampus</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>C.C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>C-Q</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franaszczuk</surname><given-names>P.J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crone</surname><given-names>N.E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schretlen</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohara</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lenz</surname><given-names>F.A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>c</label>Department of Medical Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address all correspondence and proofs to: Fred A. Lenz, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Meyer Building 8-181, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 21287-7713, Telephone - 410-955-2257, FAX - 410-287-4480, <email>flenz1@jhmi.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>22</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>178</volume><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p id="P1">The pathways by which painful stimuli are signaled within the human medial temporal lobe are unknown. Rodent studies have shown that nociceptive inputs are transmitted from the brainstem or thalamus through one of two pathways to the central nucleus of the amygdala. The indirect pathway projects from the basal and lateral nuclei of the amygdala to the central nucleus, while the direct pathway projects directly to the central nucleus. We now test the hypothesis that the human ventral amygdala (putative basal and lateral nuclei) exerts a causal influence upon the dorsal amygdala (putative central nucleus), during the application of a painful laser stimulus.</p><p id="P2">Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from depth electrode contacts implanted in the medial temporal lobe for the treatment of epilepsy, and causal influences were analyzed by Granger causality (GRC). This analysis indicates that the dorsal amygdala exerts a pre-stimulus causal influence upon the hippocampus, consistent with an attention-related response to the painful laser. Within the amygdala, the analysis indicates that the ventral contacts exert a causal influence upon dorsal contacts, consistent with the human (putative) indirect pathway. Potentials evoked by the laser (LEPs) were not recorded in the ventral nuclei, but were recorded at dorsal amygdala contacts which were not preferentially those receiving causal influences from the ventral contacts. Therefore, it seems likely that the putative indirect pathway is associated with causal influences from the ventral to the dorsal amygdala, and is distinct from the human (putative) indirect pathway which mediates LEPs in the dorsal amygdala.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>amygdala</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>causality</kwd><kwd>fear conditioning</kwd></kwd-group><contract-num rid="NS1">R01 NS038493-10
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