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<title xml:lang="en">Injury depth control from combined wavelength and power tuning in scanned beam laser thermal therapy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Villiger, Martin" sort="Villiger, Martin" uniqKey="Villiger M" first="Martin" last="Villiger">Martin Villiger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Soroka, Andrew" sort="Soroka, Andrew" uniqKey="Soroka A" first="Andrew" last="Soroka">Andrew Soroka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tearney, Guillermo J" sort="Tearney, Guillermo J" uniqKey="Tearney G" first="Guillermo J." last="Tearney">Guillermo J. Tearney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bouma, Brett E" sort="Bouma, Brett E" uniqKey="Bouma B" first="Brett E." last="Bouma">Brett E. Bouma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vakoc, Benjamin J" sort="Vakoc, Benjamin J" uniqKey="Vakoc B" first="Benjamin J." last="Vakoc">Benjamin J. Vakoc</name>
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<idno type="pmid">22112139</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3221721</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.1117/1.3647581</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Injury depth control from combined wavelength and power tuning in scanned beam laser thermal therapy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Villiger, Martin" sort="Villiger, Martin" uniqKey="Villiger M" first="Martin" last="Villiger">Martin Villiger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Soroka, Andrew" sort="Soroka, Andrew" uniqKey="Soroka A" first="Andrew" last="Soroka">Andrew Soroka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tearney, Guillermo J" sort="Tearney, Guillermo J" uniqKey="Tearney G" first="Guillermo J." last="Tearney">Guillermo J. Tearney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bouma, Brett E" sort="Bouma, Brett E" uniqKey="Bouma B" first="Brett E." last="Bouma">Brett E. Bouma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vakoc, Benjamin J" sort="Vakoc, Benjamin J" uniqKey="Vakoc B" first="Benjamin J." last="Vakoc">Benjamin J. Vakoc</name>
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<title level="j">Journal of Biomedical Optics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1083-3668</idno>
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<p>Laser thermal therapy represents a possible method to treat premalignant epithelial lesions of the esophagus. Dynamically conforming the thermal injury profile to a specific lesion boundary is expected to improve the efficacy of such a treatment and avoid complications. In this work, we investigated wavelength tuning as a mechanism to achieve this aimed control over injury depth by using the strong variation of water absorption close to 1900 nm. We developed a numerical model simulating in steps the photon propagation in the tissue, the diffusion of the absorbed heat, and the resulting tissue damage. The model was compared with experimental results on porcine esophageal specimens
<italic>ex vivo</italic>
and showed good agreement. Combined with power tuning, the wavelength agility in the range of 1860 to 1895 nm extends the injury range compared to a fixed wavelength source beyond 1 mm, while at the same time improving control over shallow depths and avoiding vaporization at the tissue surface. The combination of two or three discrete wavelengths combined at variable ratios provides similar control, and may provide an improved strategy for the treatment of endothelial lesions.</p>
</div>
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<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Biomed Opt</journal-id>
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<journal-title>Journal of Biomedical Optics</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">1083-3668</issn>
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<publisher-name>Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)</publisher-name>
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<subject>Research Papers: Therapeutic</subject>
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<article-title>Injury depth control from combined wavelength and power tuning in scanned beam laser thermal therapy</article-title>
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<name>
<surname>Villiger</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soroka</surname>
<given-names>Andrew</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tearney</surname>
<given-names>Guillermo J.</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bouma</surname>
<given-names>Brett E.</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vakoc</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin J.</given-names>
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</contrib>
<aff>Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114</aff>
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<author-notes>
<fn id="n1">
<label>a)</label>
<p>Address all correspondence to: Martin Villiger, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 40 Blossom Street – Bartlett Hall 704, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. Tel: (617) 643-6092; Fax: (617) 643-9208; E-mail:
<email>mvilliger@partners.org</email>
</p>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<volume>16</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<elocation-id>118001</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>08</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>16</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>19</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)</copyright-holder>
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<abstract>
<p>Laser thermal therapy represents a possible method to treat premalignant epithelial lesions of the esophagus. Dynamically conforming the thermal injury profile to a specific lesion boundary is expected to improve the efficacy of such a treatment and avoid complications. In this work, we investigated wavelength tuning as a mechanism to achieve this aimed control over injury depth by using the strong variation of water absorption close to 1900 nm. We developed a numerical model simulating in steps the photon propagation in the tissue, the diffusion of the absorbed heat, and the resulting tissue damage. The model was compared with experimental results on porcine esophageal specimens
<italic>ex vivo</italic>
and showed good agreement. Combined with power tuning, the wavelength agility in the range of 1860 to 1895 nm extends the injury range compared to a fixed wavelength source beyond 1 mm, while at the same time improving control over shallow depths and avoiding vaporization at the tissue surface. The combination of two or three discrete wavelengths combined at variable ratios provides similar control, and may provide an improved strategy for the treatment of endothelial lesions.</p>
</abstract>
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<kwd>laser thermal therapy</kwd>
<kwd>laser injury</kwd>
<kwd>tissue response</kwd>
<kwd>damage model</kwd>
<kwd>injury depth control</kwd>
<kwd>Barrett's esophagus, thulium fiber laser</kwd>
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