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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue <italic>in vivo</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Duke, Austin R" sort="Duke, Austin R" uniqKey="Duke A" first="Austin R." last="Duke">Austin R. Duke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cayce, Jonathan M" sort="Cayce, Jonathan M" uniqKey="Cayce J" first="Jonathan M." last="Cayce">Jonathan M. Cayce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malphrus, Jonathan D" sort="Malphrus, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Malphrus J" first="Jonathan D." last="Malphrus">Jonathan D. Malphrus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konrad, Peter" sort="Konrad, Peter" uniqKey="Konrad P" first="Peter" last="Konrad">Peter Konrad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahadevan Jansen, Anita" sort="Mahadevan Jansen, Anita" uniqKey="Mahadevan Jansen A" first="Anita" last="Mahadevan-Jansen">Anita Mahadevan-Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, E Duco" sort="Jansen, E Duco" uniqKey="Jansen E" first="E. Duco" last="Jansen">E. Duco Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20059232</idno><idno type="pmc">2789115</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789115</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2789115</idno><idno type="doi">10.1117/1.3257230</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000068</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000068</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue <italic>in vivo</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Duke, Austin R" sort="Duke, Austin R" uniqKey="Duke A" first="Austin R." last="Duke">Austin R. Duke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cayce, Jonathan M" sort="Cayce, Jonathan M" uniqKey="Cayce J" first="Jonathan M." last="Cayce">Jonathan M. Cayce</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malphrus, Jonathan D" sort="Malphrus, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Malphrus J" first="Jonathan D." last="Malphrus">Jonathan D. Malphrus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konrad, Peter" sort="Konrad, Peter" uniqKey="Konrad P" first="Peter" last="Konrad">Peter Konrad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahadevan Jansen, Anita" sort="Mahadevan Jansen, Anita" uniqKey="Mahadevan Jansen A" first="Anita" last="Mahadevan-Jansen">Anita Mahadevan-Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, E Duco" sort="Jansen, E Duco" uniqKey="Jansen E" first="E. Duco" last="Jansen">E. Duco Jansen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a1">Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a2">Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Biomedical Optics</title><idno type="ISSN">1083-3668</idno><idno type="eISSN">1560-2281</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have shown that this ratio is increased to nearly 6:1 by combining the infrared pulse with a subthreshold electrical stimulus. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between the subthreshold depolarizing electrical stimulus and additional optical energy required to reach stimulation threshold. The change in optical threshold decreases linearly as the delay between the electrical and optical pulses is increased. We have shown that the high spatial precision of INS is maintained for this combined stimulation modality. Results of this study will facilitate the development of applications for infrared neural stimulation, as well as target the efforts to uncover the mechanism by which infrared light activates neural tissue.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Biomed Opt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Biomedical Optics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1083-3668</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1560-2281</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20059232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2789115</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">001906JBO</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1117/1.3257230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>JBO Letters</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue <italic>in vivo</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duke</surname><given-names>Austin R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cayce</surname><given-names>Jonathan M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malphrus</surname><given-names>Jonathan D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Konrad</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahadevan-Jansen</surname><given-names>Anita</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jansen</surname><given-names>E. Duco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">b)</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label>Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label>Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee 37235</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="n2"><label>b)</label><p>Tel: 615-343-1911; Fax: 615-343-7919; <email>duco.jansen@vanderbilt.edu</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>November-December</season><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>060501</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>13</day><month>8</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>08</day><month>9</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have shown that this ratio is increased to nearly 6:1 by combining the infrared pulse with a subthreshold electrical stimulus. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between the subthreshold depolarizing electrical stimulus and additional optical energy required to reach stimulation threshold. The change in optical threshold decreases linearly as the delay between the electrical and optical pulses is increased. We have shown that the high spatial precision of INS is maintained for this combined stimulation modality. Results of this study will facilitate the development of applications for infrared neural stimulation, as well as target the efforts to uncover the mechanism by which infrared light activates neural tissue.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>infrared neural stimulation</kwd><kwd>electrical stimulation</kwd><kwd>compound action potential</kwd><kwd>latent addition</kwd><kwd>sciatic nerve</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>CCC information</meta-name><meta-value>1083-3668/2009/14(6)/060501/3/$25.00</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>sisac</meta-name><meta-value>1083-3668()14:6L.060501;1</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>edcode</meta-name><meta-value>09250LR</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>aipkey</meta-name><meta-value>1.3257230</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>spin</meta-name><meta-value><named-content content-type="el-docanal"><named-content content-type="att-kind">KL</named-content><named-content content-type="el-pacs"><named-content content-type="att-pacsyr">2009</named-content><named-content content-type="el-pacscode">8785Wc</named-content><named-content content-type="el-pacscode">8719lb</named-content></named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="el-jouidx"><named-content content-type="el-country">US</named-content><named-content content-type="el-totalidx">4</named-content><named-content content-type="el-addidx">bioelectric potentials</named-content><named-content content-type="el-addidx">biological tissues</named-content><named-content content-type="el-addidx">bio-optics</named-content><named-content content-type="el-addidx">neurophysiology</named-content></named-content></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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