Nd3+ Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient In-vitro and In-vivo Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm
Identifieur interne : 000182 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000181; suivant : 000183Nd3+ Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient In-vitro and In-vivo Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm
Auteurs : Xiaomin Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Rui Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Fan Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Lei Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Dengke Shen [République populaire de Chine] ; Chi Yao [République populaire de Chine] ; Dongyuan Zhao [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Core/shell1/shell2/shell3 structured NaGdF4:Nd/NaYF4/NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF4 nanocrystals were well designed and synthesized, each of the parts assume respective role and work together to achieve dual-mode upconverting (UC) and downconverting (DC) luminescence upon the low heat effect 800-nm excitation. Nd3+, Yb3+, Er3+ tri-doped NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er UC layer [NIR (800 nm)-to-Visible (540 nm)] with a constitutional efficient 800 nm excitable property were achieved for the
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DOI: 10.1038/srep03536
PubMed: 24346622
PubMed Central: 3866591
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Nd<sup>3+</sup> Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient <italic>In-vitro</italic> and <italic>In-vivo</italic> Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Xiaomin" sort="Li, Xiaomin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaomin" last="Li">Xiaomin Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Rui" sort="Wang, Rui" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rui" last="Wang">Rui Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fan" sort="Zhang, Fan" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fan" last="Zhang">Fan Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Lei" sort="Zhou, Lei" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Lei" last="Zhou">Lei Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, Dengke" sort="Shen, Dengke" uniqKey="Shen D" first="Dengke" last="Shen">Dengke Shen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Chi" sort="Yao, Chi" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chi" last="Yao">Chi Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Dongyuan" sort="Zhao, Dongyuan" uniqKey="Zhao D" first="Dongyuan" last="Zhao">Dongyuan Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24346622</idno><idno type="pmc">3866591</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866591</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3866591</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep03536</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000182</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000182</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Nd<sup>3+</sup> Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient <italic>In-vitro</italic> and <italic>In-vivo</italic> Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Xiaomin" sort="Li, Xiaomin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaomin" last="Li">Xiaomin Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Rui" sort="Wang, Rui" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rui" last="Wang">Rui Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fan" sort="Zhang, Fan" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fan" last="Zhang">Fan Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Lei" sort="Zhou, Lei" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Lei" last="Zhou">Lei Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, Dengke" sort="Shen, Dengke" uniqKey="Shen D" first="Dengke" last="Shen">Dengke Shen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Chi" sort="Yao, Chi" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chi" last="Yao">Chi Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Dongyuan" sort="Zhao, Dongyuan" uniqKey="Zhao D" first="Dongyuan" last="Zhao">Dongyuan Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>, Shanghai 200433</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai 200433</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Core/shell1/shell2/shell3 structured NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals were well designed and synthesized, each of the parts assume respective role and work together to achieve dual-mode upconverting (UC) and downconverting (DC) luminescence upon the low heat effect 800-nm excitation. Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup> tri-doped NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er UC layer [NIR (800 nm)-to-Visible (540 nm)] with a constitutional efficient 800 nm excitable property were achieved for the <italic>in-vitro</italic> bioimaging with low auto-fluorescence and photo-damage effects. Moreover, typical NIR (800 nm)-to-NIR (860–895 nm) DC luminescence of Nd<sup>3+</sup> has also been realized with this designed nanostructure. Due to the low heat effect, high penetration depth of the excitation and the high efficiency of the DC luminescence, the <italic>in-vivo</italic> high contrast DC imaging of a whole body nude mouse was achieved. We believe that such dual-mode luminescence NCs will open the door to engineering the excitation and emission wavelengths of NCs and will provide a new tool for a wide variety of applications in the fields of bioanalysis and biomedical.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Michalet, X" uniqKey="Michalet X">X. Michalet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Resch Genger, U" uniqKey="Resch Genger U">U. Resch-Genger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grabolle, M" uniqKey="Grabolle M">M. Grabolle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cavaliere Jaricot, S" uniqKey="Cavaliere Jaricot S">S. Cavaliere-Jaricot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nitschke, R" uniqKey="Nitschke R">R. Nitschke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nann, T" uniqKey="Nann T">T. Nann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Becker, A" uniqKey="Becker A">A. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24346622</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3866591</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep03536</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep03536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Nd<sup>3+</sup> Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient <italic>In-vitro</italic> and <italic>In-vivo</italic> Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Xiaomin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Rui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Fan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Lei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>Dengke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Chi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Dongyuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2">b</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>zhang_fan@fudan.edu.cn</email></corresp><corresp id="c2"><label>b</label><email>dyzhao@fudan.edu.cn</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><elocation-id>3536</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareALike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Core/shell1/shell2/shell3 structured NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals were well designed and synthesized, each of the parts assume respective role and work together to achieve dual-mode upconverting (UC) and downconverting (DC) luminescence upon the low heat effect 800-nm excitation. Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup> tri-doped NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er UC layer [NIR (800 nm)-to-Visible (540 nm)] with a constitutional efficient 800 nm excitable property were achieved for the <italic>in-vitro</italic> bioimaging with low auto-fluorescence and photo-damage effects. Moreover, typical NIR (800 nm)-to-NIR (860–895 nm) DC luminescence of Nd<sup>3+</sup> has also been realized with this designed nanostructure. Due to the low heat effect, high penetration depth of the excitation and the high efficiency of the DC luminescence, the <italic>in-vivo</italic> high contrast DC imaging of a whole body nude mouse was achieved. We believe that such dual-mode luminescence NCs will open the door to engineering the excitation and emission wavelengths of NCs and will provide a new tool for a wide variety of applications in the fields of bioanalysis and biomedical.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(A) General strategy to achieve the UC and DC dual-mode luminescence with multi-layer C/S1/S2/S3 <italic>β</italic>-NGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs. (B) Proposed energy transfer mechanisms in the multi-layer core/shell NCs.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep03536-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>TEM (A–D) and HRTEM (E–H) images of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd core (A), (E), NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub> (B), (F), NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er (C), (G) and NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> (D, H) NCs. (I–L) HAADF-STEM images of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub> (I), NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er (J) and NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> (K, L) NCs.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep03536-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>(A) UC emission spectra of the NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:20Yb,2Er and NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:0.5Nd,20Yb,2Er under 800-nm excitation. The inset shows the UC emission intensity of the NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er NCs as a function of different Nd<sup>3+</sup> ion doping concentrations under 800-nm excitation. (B) DC emission spectra of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er, NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er, and NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er NCs under 800-nm excitation. (C), (D) UC and DC emission spectra of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd core, NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>, NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er, NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs and corresponding comparison of the relative emission intensity at different emission positions.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep03536-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>(A) Calibrated UC and DC emissions and photographs of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> dispersed in hexane (red) and water (black) under 800-nm excitation.High contrast <italic>in-vitro</italic> bioimaging results under 800-nm excitation: (B) bright-field image of human lymphocytes cells labelled with the NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs; (C) Corresponding NIR-to-Visible UC imaging result. (D) Merged bright-field and UC imaging result. (E) Local spectral analysis of a single cell (marked with red square in C) labelled with the NCs. The celluar images and spectrum were collected under excitation with 808 nm CW laser and the focused power was about 500 mW.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep03536-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>(A) Time-resolved temperature in the irradiated nude mouse skins during 10 min irradiation of 980- and 800-nm laser as a function of different power density.(B) The decay of excitation power as a function of the penetration depth of tissues. (C) Merged bright-field images with NIR-to-NIR DC emission of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs under 800-nm excitation (top row) and UC emission of traditional NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Tm/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs under 980-nm excitation (bottom row). Intensities of the signals were also summarized in it. All images were acquired under the same instrumental conditions (power density 1 W/cm<sup>2</sup>). (D) <italic>In-vivo</italic> imaging of a nude mouse from the chest side (left) and the back side (right) by imbuing the water soluble NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF<sub>4</sub> NCs to stomach.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep03536-f5"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Li, Xiaomin" sort="Li, Xiaomin" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaomin" last="Li">Xiaomin Li</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Shen, Dengke" sort="Shen, Dengke" uniqKey="Shen D" first="Dengke" last="Shen">Dengke Shen</name><name sortKey="Wang, Rui" sort="Wang, Rui" uniqKey="Wang R" first="Rui" last="Wang">Rui Wang</name><name sortKey="Yao, Chi" sort="Yao, Chi" uniqKey="Yao C" first="Chi" last="Yao">Chi Yao</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Fan" sort="Zhang, Fan" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fan" last="Zhang">Fan Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Dongyuan" sort="Zhao, Dongyuan" uniqKey="Zhao D" first="Dongyuan" last="Zhao">Dongyuan Zhao</name><name sortKey="Zhou, Lei" sort="Zhou, Lei" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Lei" last="Zhou">Lei Zhou</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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