Resolving the spin reorientation and crystal-field transitions in TmFeO3 with terahertz transient
Identifieur interne : 000008 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000007; suivant : 000009Resolving the spin reorientation and crystal-field transitions in TmFeO3 with terahertz transient
Auteurs : Kailin Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Kai Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiumei Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Zeyu Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Zuanming Jin [République populaire de Chine] ; Xian Lin [République populaire de Chine] ; Bo Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Shixun Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Guohong Ma [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO3) exhibit abundant physical properties such as, weak macroscopic magnetization, spin reorientation transition, and magneto-optical effect, especially the terahertz magnetic response, have received lots of attention in recent years. In this work, quasi-ferromagnetic (FM) and quasi-antiferromagnetic (AFM) modes arising from Fe sublattice of TmFeO3 single crystal are characterized in a temperature range from 40 to 300 K, by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The magnetic anisotropy constants in
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DOI: 10.1038/srep23648
PubMed: 27009361
PubMed Central: 4806309
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Resolving the spin reorientation and crystal-field transitions in <italic>Tm</italic>FeO<sub>3</sub> with terahertz transient</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Kailin" sort="Zhang, Kailin" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Kailin" last="Zhang">Kailin Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Kai" sort="Xu, Kai" uniqKey="Xu K" first="Kai" last="Xu">Kai Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xiumei" sort="Liu, Xiumei" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xiumei" last="Liu">Xiumei Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zeyu" sort="Zhang, Zeyu" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zeyu" last="Zhang">Zeyu Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Zuanming" sort="Jin, Zuanming" uniqKey="Jin Z" first="Zuanming" last="Jin">Zuanming Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Xian" sort="Lin, Xian" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xian" last="Lin">Xian Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bo" sort="Li, Bo" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bo" last="Li">Bo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University</institution>, Shanghai 200241,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Shixun" sort="Cao, Shixun" uniqKey="Cao S" first="Shixun" last="Cao">Shixun Cao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Guohong" sort="Ma, Guohong" uniqKey="Ma G" first="Guohong" last="Ma">Guohong Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27009361</idno><idno type="pmc">4806309</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806309</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4806309</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep23648</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000102</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000102</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000102</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000102</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000008</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000008</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Resolving the spin reorientation and crystal-field transitions in <italic>Tm</italic>FeO<sub>3</sub> with terahertz transient</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Kailin" sort="Zhang, Kailin" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Kailin" last="Zhang">Kailin Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Kai" sort="Xu, Kai" uniqKey="Xu K" first="Kai" last="Xu">Kai Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xiumei" sort="Liu, Xiumei" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xiumei" last="Liu">Xiumei Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zeyu" sort="Zhang, Zeyu" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zeyu" last="Zhang">Zeyu Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Zuanming" sort="Jin, Zuanming" uniqKey="Jin Z" first="Zuanming" last="Jin">Zuanming Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Xian" sort="Lin, Xian" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xian" last="Lin">Xian Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bo" sort="Li, Bo" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bo" last="Li">Bo Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University</institution>, Shanghai 200241,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Shixun" sort="Cao, Shixun" uniqKey="Cao S" first="Shixun" last="Cao">Shixun Cao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Guohong" sort="Ma, Guohong" uniqKey="Ma G" first="Guohong" last="Ma">Guohong Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO<sub>3</sub>) exhibit abundant physical properties such as, weak macroscopic magnetization, spin reorientation transition, and magneto-optical effect, especially the terahertz magnetic response, have received lots of attention in recent years. In this work, quasi-ferromagnetic (FM) and quasi-antiferromagnetic (AFM) modes arising from Fe sublattice of TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystal are characterized in a temperature range from 40 to 300 K, by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The magnetic anisotropy constants in <italic>ac</italic>-plane are estimated according to the temperature-dependent resonant frequencies of both FM and AFM modes. Here, we further observe the broad-band absorptions centered ~0.52, ~0.61, and ~1.15 THz below 110 K, which are reasonably assigned to a series of crystal-field transitions (R modes) of ground multiplets (<sup>6</sup>H<sub>3</sub>) of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions. Specially, our finding reveals that the spin reorientation transition at a temperature interval from 93 to 85 K is driven by magnetic anisotropy, however, which plays negligible role on the electronic transitions of Tm ions in the absence of applied magnetic fields.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, R L" uniqKey="White R">R. L. White</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yamaguchi, T" uniqKey="Yamaguchi T">T. Yamaguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, W Y" uniqKey="Zhao W">W. Y. Zhao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vahaplar, K" uniqKey="Vahaplar K">K. Vahaplar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Jong, J A" uniqKey="De Jong J">J. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27009361</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4806309</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep23648</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep23648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Resolving the spin reorientation and crystal-field transitions in <italic>Tm</italic>FeO<sub>3</sub> with terahertz transient</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Kailin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Kai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Xiumei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Zeyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Zuanming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Xian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Bo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Shixun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>Guohong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2">b</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Physics, Shanghai University</institution>, Shanghai 200444,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University</institution>, Shanghai 200241,<country>China</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>physics_jzm@shu.edu.cn</email></corresp><corresp id="c2"><label>b</label><email>ghma@staff.shu.edu.cn</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>23648</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO<sub>3</sub>) exhibit abundant physical properties such as, weak macroscopic magnetization, spin reorientation transition, and magneto-optical effect, especially the terahertz magnetic response, have received lots of attention in recent years. In this work, quasi-ferromagnetic (FM) and quasi-antiferromagnetic (AFM) modes arising from Fe sublattice of TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystal are characterized in a temperature range from 40 to 300 K, by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The magnetic anisotropy constants in <italic>ac</italic>-plane are estimated according to the temperature-dependent resonant frequencies of both FM and AFM modes. Here, we further observe the broad-band absorptions centered ~0.52, ~0.61, and ~1.15 THz below 110 K, which are reasonably assigned to a series of crystal-field transitions (R modes) of ground multiplets (<sup>6</sup>H<sub>3</sub>) of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions. Specially, our finding reveals that the spin reorientation transition at a temperature interval from 93 to 85 K is driven by magnetic anisotropy, however, which plays negligible role on the electronic transitions of Tm ions in the absence of applied magnetic fields.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>) The electric field of the THz wave passing through <italic>a</italic>-cut TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystal at (<bold>a</bold>) high (300 K) and (<bold>b</bold>) low temperature phase (45 K) with E<sub>THz</sub>//b axis, H<sub>THz</sub>//c axis. Inset: the Fourier spectral amplitudes of the THz electric fields from the electro-optic sampling signals. The black curve in the inset of (<bold>a</bold>) is the THz spectrum without sample (dry nitrogen) (<bold>c</bold>) The amplitude mapping of absorption spectrum of the <italic>a</italic>-cut TmFeO<sub>3</sub> crystal as a function temperature. The resonant frequencies of FM (square symbols) and AFM (circular symbols) modes are shown as functions of temperature.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep23648-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Normalized amplitude of AFM mode as a function of temperature. The blue shade indicates spin reorientation transition temperature interval with higher and lower SRT temperatures of T<sub>1</sub> = 93 K and T<sub>2</sub> = 85 K, respectively. (<bold>b</bold>) Temperature dependence of macroscopic magnetization along <italic>a</italic>- (dashed) and <italic>c</italic>-axis (solid) of TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystal.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep23648-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Temperature dependence of resonance frequencies for FM mode (squares) and AFM mode (circles), as well as the center frequency of <italic>R</italic><sub>1</sub> mode (diamond). The shaded area shows the SRT temperature interval, within the magnetic mesophase Γ<sub>24</sub>. (<bold>b</bold>) Calculated magnetic anisotropy energies <italic>A</italic><sub><italic>x</italic></sub> and <italic>A</italic><sub><italic>z</italic></sub> in the <italic>ac</italic>-plane as a function of temperature.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep23648-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Absorption coefficient of TmFeO<sub>3</sub> at 60 K with different excitation geometries (<bold>a</bold>) <italic>H</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>c, E</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>b</italic> in <italic>a</italic>-cut crystal, (<bold>b</bold>) <italic>H</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>b, E</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>c</italic> in <italic>a</italic>-cut crystal, and (<bold>c</bold>) <italic>H</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>b, E</italic><sub><italic>THz</italic></sub>||<italic>a</italic> in <italic>c</italic>-cut crystal. (<bold>d</bold>) Energy diagram of ground multiplets of Tm ions.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep23648-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Absorption coefficient and (<bold>b</bold>) refractive index of <italic>a</italic>-cut TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystal under various temperatures. Solid lines in (<bold>a</bold>): Bi-Lorentz spectra line fits, see text for details. Temperature dependence of (<bold>c</bold>) amplitude and (<bold>d</bold>) bandwidth Δν of R<sub>1</sub> mode.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep23648-f5"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhang, Kailin" sort="Zhang, Kailin" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Kailin" last="Zhang">Kailin Zhang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cao, Shixun" sort="Cao, Shixun" uniqKey="Cao S" first="Shixun" last="Cao">Shixun Cao</name><name sortKey="Jin, Zuanming" sort="Jin, Zuanming" uniqKey="Jin Z" first="Zuanming" last="Jin">Zuanming Jin</name><name sortKey="Li, Bo" sort="Li, Bo" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bo" last="Li">Bo Li</name><name sortKey="Lin, Xian" sort="Lin, Xian" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xian" last="Lin">Xian Lin</name><name sortKey="Liu, Xiumei" sort="Liu, Xiumei" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xiumei" last="Liu">Xiumei Liu</name><name sortKey="Ma, Guohong" sort="Ma, Guohong" uniqKey="Ma G" first="Guohong" last="Ma">Guohong Ma</name><name sortKey="Xu, Kai" sort="Xu, Kai" uniqKey="Xu K" first="Kai" last="Xu">Kai Xu</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Zeyu" sort="Zhang, Zeyu" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zeyu" last="Zhang">Zeyu Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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