ThuliumV1, Pascal, Corpus, bibRecord, 000551

Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO3:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 glass matrix

Identifieur interne : 000551 ( Pascal/Corpus ); précédent : 000550; suivant : 000552

Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO3:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 glass matrix

Auteurs : M. P. F. Graca ; M. Peres ; M. A. Valente ; A. J. Neves ; T. Monteiro

Source :

Journal of non-crystalline solids [ 0022-3093 ] ; 2008.

RBID : Pascal:09-0061403

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Dopage, Procédé sol gel, Traitement thermique, Diffraction RX, Spectre Raman, Microscopie électronique balayage, Dimension particule, Photoluminescence, Transfert énergie, Transition niveau énergie, Impureté, Addition thulium, Niobate de lithium, Nanocristal, LiNbO3.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Doping, Energy transfer, Energy-level transitions, Heat treatments, Impurities, Lithium niobates, Nanocrystal, Particle size, Photoluminescence, Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscopy, Sol-gel process, Thulium additions, XRD.

Abstract

Transparent SiO₂:Li₂O:Nb₂O₅ glass doped with Tm³⁺ has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO₂ and LiNbO₃ phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO₄ phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f¹² transitions due to Tm³⁺ ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the ¹G₄→³F₄ (∼650nm), ¹D₂→³F₃ (∼780nm), ³ H₄ → ³H₆ (∼800 nm), ³H₅ → ³H₆ (∼1200 nm) and ³H₄ → ³F₄ (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 0022-3093`
A02	`01`			`@0 JNCSBJ`
A03		`1`		`@0 J. non-cryst. solids`
A05				`@2 354`
A06				`@2 47-51`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO₃:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO₂ glass matrix`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 GRACA (M. P. F.)`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 PERES (M.)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 VALENTE (M. A.)`
A11	`04`	`1`		`@1 NEVES (A. J.)`
A11	`05`	`1`		`@1 MONTEIRO (T.)`
A14	`01`			`@1 Physics Department (13N), Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago @2 3800-193 Aveiro @3 PRT @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. @Z 3 aut. @Z 4 aut. @Z 5 aut.`
A20				`@1 5244-5246`
A21				`@1 2008`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 14572 @5 354000184407360530`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 6 ref.`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 09-0061403`
A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Journal of non-crystalline solids`
A66	`01`			`@0 NLD`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 Transparent SiO₂:Li₂O:Nb₂O₅ glass doped with Tm³⁺ has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO₂ and LiNbO₃ phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO₄ phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f¹² transitions due to Tm³⁺ ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the ¹G₄→³F₄ (∼650nm), ¹D₂→³F₃ (∼780nm), ³ H₄ → ³H₆ (∼800 nm), ³H₅ → ³H₆ (∼1200 nm) and ³H₄ → ³F₄ (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.
C02	`01`	`3`		`@0 001B80A07B`
C02	`02`	`3`		`@0 001B70H67B`
C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Dopage @5 02`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Doping @5 02`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Doping @5 02`
C03	`02`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Procédé sol gel @5 03`
C03	`02`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Sol-gel process @5 03`
C03	`03`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Traitement thermique @5 04`
C03	`03`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Heat treatments @5 04`
C03	`04`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Diffraction RX @5 05`
C03	`04`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 XRD @5 05`
C03	`05`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Spectre Raman @5 06`
C03	`05`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Raman spectra @5 06`
C03	`06`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Microscopie électronique balayage @5 07`
C03	`06`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Scanning electron microscopy @5 07`
C03	`07`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Dimension particule @5 08`
C03	`07`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Particle size @5 08`
C03	`08`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Photoluminescence @5 09`
C03	`08`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Photoluminescence @5 09`
C03	`09`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Transfert énergie @5 10`
C03	`09`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Energy transfer @5 10`
C03	`10`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Transition niveau énergie @5 11`
C03	`10`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Energy-level transitions @5 11`
C03	`11`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Impureté @5 12`
C03	`11`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Impurities @5 12`
C03	`12`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Addition thulium @5 13`
C03	`12`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Thulium additions @5 13`
C03	`13`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Niobate de lithium @2 NK @5 15`
C03	`13`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Lithium niobates @2 NK @5 15`
C03	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Nanocristal @5 16`
C03	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Nanocrystal @5 16`
C03	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Nanocristal @5 16`
C03	`15`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 LiNbO3 @4 INC @5 52`
N21				`@1 047`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 09-0061403 INIST
ET :	Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO₃:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO₂ glass matrix
AU :	GRACA (M. P. F.); PERES (M.); VALENTE (M. A.); NEVES (A. J.); MONTEIRO (T.)
AF :	Physics Department (13N), Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago/3800-193 Aveiro/Portugal (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 4 aut., 5 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Journal of non-crystalline solids; ISSN 0022-3093; Coden JNCSBJ; Pays-Bas; Da. 2008; Vol. 354; No. 47-51; Pp. 5244-5246; Bibl. 6 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Transparent SiO₂:Li₂O:Nb₂O₅ glass doped with Tm³⁺ has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO₂ and LiNbO₃ phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO₄ phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f¹² transitions due to Tm³⁺ ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the ¹G₄→³F₄ (∼650nm), ¹D₂→³F₃ (∼780nm), ³ H₄ → ³H₆ (∼800 nm), ³H₅ → ³H₆ (∼1200 nm) and ³H₄ → ³F₄ (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.
CC :	001B80A07B; 001B70H67B
FD :	Dopage; Procédé sol gel; Traitement thermique; Diffraction RX; Spectre Raman; Microscopie électronique balayage; Dimension particule; Photoluminescence; Transfert énergie; Transition niveau énergie; Impureté; Addition thulium; Niobate de lithium; Nanocristal; LiNbO3
ED :	Doping; Sol-gel process; Heat treatments; XRD; Raman spectra; Scanning electron microscopy; Particle size; Photoluminescence; Energy transfer; Energy-level transitions; Impurities; Thulium additions; Lithium niobates; Nanocrystal
SD :	Doping; Nanocristal
LO :	INIST-14572.354000184407360530
ID :	09-0061403

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:09-0061403

Le document en format XML

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 glass matrix</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Peres, M" sort="Peres, M" uniqKey="Peres M" first="M." last="Peres">M. Peres</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Physics Department (13N), Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Valente, M A" sort="Valente, M A" uniqKey="Valente M" first="M. A." last="Valente">M. A. Valente</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neves, A J" sort="Neves, A J" uniqKey="Neves A" first="A. J." last="Neves">A. J. Neves</name>
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<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of non-crystalline solids</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. non-cryst. solids</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-3093</idno>
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</series>
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<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of non-crystalline solids</title>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Doping</term>
<term>Energy transfer</term>
<term>Energy-level transitions</term>
<term>Heat treatments</term>
<term>Impurities</term>
<term>Lithium niobates</term>
<term>Nanocrystal</term>
<term>Particle size</term>
<term>Photoluminescence</term>
<term>Raman spectra</term>
<term>Scanning electron microscopy</term>
<term>Sol-gel process</term>
<term>Thulium additions</term>
<term>XRD</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dopage</term>
<term>Procédé sol gel</term>
<term>Traitement thermique</term>
<term>Diffraction RX</term>
<term>Spectre Raman</term>
<term>Microscopie électronique balayage</term>
<term>Dimension particule</term>
<term>Photoluminescence</term>
<term>Transfert énergie</term>
<term>Transition niveau énergie</term>
<term>Impureté</term>
<term>Addition thulium</term>
<term>Niobate de lithium</term>
<term>Nanocristal</term>
<term>LiNbO3</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Transparent SiO<sub>2</sub>
:Li<sub>2</sub>
O:Nb<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 glass doped with Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO<sub>2</sub>
 and LiNbO<sub>3</sub>
 phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO<sub>4</sub>
 phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f<sup>12</sup>
 transitions due to Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the <sup>1</sup>
G<sub>4</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼650nm), <sup>1</sup>
D<sub>2</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>3</sub>
 (∼780nm), <sup>3</sup>
 H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼800 nm), <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>5</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼1200 nm) and <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0022-3093</s0>
</fA01>
<fA02 i1="01"><s0>JNCSBJ</s0>
</fA02>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. non-cryst. solids</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>354</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>47-51</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>
:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO<sub>2</sub>
 glass matrix</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>GRACA (M. P. F.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>PERES (M.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>VALENTE (M. A.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>NEVES (A. J.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>MONTEIRO (T.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Physics Department (13N), Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago</s1>
<s2>3800-193 Aveiro</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>5244-5246</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2008</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>14572</s2>
<s5>354000184407360530</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>6 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0061403</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
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<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of non-crystalline solids</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>NLD</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Transparent SiO<sub>2</sub>
:Li<sub>2</sub>
O:Nb<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 glass doped with Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO<sub>2</sub>
 and LiNbO<sub>3</sub>
 phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO<sub>4</sub>
 phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f<sup>12</sup>
 transitions due to Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the <sup>1</sup>
G<sub>4</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼650nm), <sup>1</sup>
D<sub>2</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>3</sub>
 (∼780nm), <sup>3</sup>
 H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼800 nm), <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>5</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼1200 nm) and <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="3"><s0>001B80A07B</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="3"><s0>001B70H67B</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dopage</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Doping</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Doping</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Procédé sol gel</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Sol-gel process</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement thermique</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Heat treatments</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Diffraction RX</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>XRD</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Spectre Raman</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Raman spectra</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Microscopie électronique balayage</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Scanning electron microscopy</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Dimension particule</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Particle size</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Photoluminescence</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Photoluminescence</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Transfert énergie</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Energy transfer</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Transition niveau énergie</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Energy-level transitions</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Impureté</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Impurities</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Addition thulium</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Thulium additions</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Niobate de lithium</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Lithium niobates</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nanocristal</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nanocrystal</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nanocristal</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>LiNbO3</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>52</s5>
</fC03>
<fN21><s1>047</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 09-0061403 INIST</NO>
<ET>Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>
:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO<sub>2</sub>
 glass matrix</ET>
<AU>GRACA (M. P. F.); PERES (M.); VALENTE (M. A.); NEVES (A. J.); MONTEIRO (T.)</AU>
<AF>Physics Department (13N), Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago/3800-193 Aveiro/Portugal (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 4 aut., 5 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Journal of non-crystalline solids; ISSN 0022-3093; Coden JNCSBJ; Pays-Bas; Da. 2008; Vol. 354; No. 47-51; Pp. 5244-5246; Bibl. 6 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Transparent SiO<sub>2</sub>
:Li<sub>2</sub>
O:Nb<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 glass doped with Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 has been prepared by the sol-gel method, and heat-treated in air (HT) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy show SiO<sub>2</sub>
 and LiNbO<sub>3</sub>
 phases in samples HT above 650 °C, and a NbTmO<sub>4</sub>
 phase for T > 750 °C. The XRD SEM analysis show increasing particle size and number with the increase of HT temperature. Intra-4f<sup>12</sup>
 transitions due to Tm<sup>3+</sup>
 ion dispersed in the matrix are observed in samples with T>650°C. The luminescence is dominated by the <sup>1</sup>
G<sub>4</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼650nm), <sup>1</sup>
D<sub>2</sub>
→<sup>3</sup>
F<sub>3</sub>
 (∼780nm), <sup>3</sup>
 H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼800 nm), <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>5</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>6</sub>
 (∼1200 nm) and <sup>3</sup>
H<sub>4</sub>
 → <sup>3</sup>
F<sub>4</sub>
 (∼1500 nm) transitions under resonant excitation to the ion levels.</EA>
<CC>001B80A07B; 001B70H67B</CC>
<FD>Dopage; Procédé sol gel; Traitement thermique; Diffraction RX; Spectre Raman; Microscopie électronique balayage; Dimension particule; Photoluminescence; Transfert énergie; Transition niveau énergie; Impureté; Addition thulium; Niobate de lithium; Nanocristal; LiNbO3</FD>
<ED>Doping; Sol-gel process; Heat treatments; XRD; Raman spectra; Scanning electron microscopy; Particle size; Photoluminescence; Energy transfer; Energy-level transitions; Impurities; Thulium additions; Lithium niobates; Nanocrystal</ED>
<SD>Doping; Nanocristal</SD>
<LO>INIST-14572.354000184407360530</LO>
<ID>09-0061403</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO3:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 glass matrix

Structural and optical spectroscopy of LiNbO3:Tm nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 glass matrix

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