Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser
Identifieur interne : 000967 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000966; suivant : 000968Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser
Auteurs : Xueming Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yudong Cui [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Controlled flexible pulses have widespread applications in the fields of fiber telecommunication, optical sensing, metrology, and microscopy. Here, we report a compact pulse-controlled all-fiber laser by exploiting an intracavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) system as a flexible filter. The width and wavelength of pulses can be tuned independently by vertically and horizontally translating a cantilever beam, respectively. The pulse width of the laser can be tuned flexibly and accurately from ~7 to ~150 ps by controlling the bandwidth of FBG. The wavelength of pulse can be tuned precisely with the range of >20 nm. The flexible laser is precisely controlled and insensitive to environmental perturbations. This fiber-based laser is a simple, stable, and low-cost source for various applications where the width-tunable and/or wavelength-tunable pulses are necessary.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep09399
PubMed: 25801546
PubMed Central: 4371082
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xueming" sort="Liu, Xueming" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xueming" last="Liu">Xueming Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>, Xi'an 710119,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yudong" sort="Cui, Yudong" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yudong" last="Cui">Yudong Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>, Xi'an 710119,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25801546</idno><idno type="pmc">4371082</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371082</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4371082</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep09399</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000081</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000081</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000081</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000081</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000060</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000060</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000967</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xueming" sort="Liu, Xueming" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xueming" last="Liu">Xueming Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>, Xi'an 710119,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yudong" sort="Cui, Yudong" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yudong" last="Cui">Yudong Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>, Xi'an 710119,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Controlled flexible pulses have widespread applications in the fields of fiber telecommunication, optical sensing, metrology, and microscopy. Here, we report a compact pulse-controlled all-fiber laser by exploiting an intracavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) system as a flexible filter. The width and wavelength of pulses can be tuned independently by vertically and horizontally translating a cantilever beam, respectively. The pulse width of the laser can be tuned flexibly and accurately from ~7 to ~150 ps by controlling the bandwidth of FBG. The wavelength of pulse can be tuned precisely with the range of >20 nm. The flexible laser is precisely controlled and insensitive to environmental perturbations. This fiber-based laser is a simple, stable, and low-cost source for various applications where the width-tunable and/or wavelength-tunable pulses are necessary.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gabzdyl, J" uniqKey="Gabzdyl J">J. Gabzdyl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Renninger, W H" uniqKey="Renninger W">W. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25801546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4371082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep09399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep09399</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Xueming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cui</surname><given-names>Yudong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>, Xi'an 710119,<country>China</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>liuxueming72@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><elocation-id>9399</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder in order to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Controlled flexible pulses have widespread applications in the fields of fiber telecommunication, optical sensing, metrology, and microscopy. Here, we report a compact pulse-controlled all-fiber laser by exploiting an intracavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) system as a flexible filter. The width and wavelength of pulses can be tuned independently by vertically and horizontally translating a cantilever beam, respectively. The pulse width of the laser can be tuned flexibly and accurately from ~7 to ~150 ps by controlling the bandwidth of FBG. The wavelength of pulse can be tuned precisely with the range of >20 nm. The flexible laser is precisely controlled and insensitive to environmental perturbations. This fiber-based laser is a simple, stable, and low-cost source for various applications where the width-tunable and/or wavelength-tunable pulses are necessary.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(a) Laser setup. EDF, erbium-doped fiber; WDM, wavelength-division multiplexer; PC, polarization controller; LD, laser diode; CIR, circulator; FBG, fiber Bragg grating; CNT, carbon nanotube. (b) FBG system. A uniform FBG is glued in a slanted direction onto the lateral side of a right-angled triangle cantilever beam. The flexible cantilever beam is made of polyurethane. (c) Nonlinear absorption characterization of the CNT-SA. The solid curve is fitted from the experimental data (circle symbols). (d) Absorption spectra of the pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the CNT-PVA composite. The red stripe illustrates the spectral gain region of the Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Schematic diagram of bandwidth-tunable and wavelength-tunable operations by flexibly controlling FBG.</title><p>(a) Without the translation in the free state, (b) vertically translating the screw <italic>G<sub>z</sub></italic> along the direction of <italic>z</italic>-axis, and (c) horizontally translating the screw <italic>G<sub>x</sub></italic> along the direction of <italic>x</italic>-axis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Typically reflection spectra of FBG.</title><p>(a) Vertically translating the screw <italic>G<sub>z</sub></italic> along <italic>z</italic>-axis. The FBG bandwidth Δ<italic>λ<sub>B</sub></italic> is changed whereas the central wavelength approximately is fixed. Δ<italic>λ<sub>B</sub></italic> is about 0.8, 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 3, 3.4, and 4 nm from inner to outer, respectively. (b) Horizontally translating the screw <italic>G<sub>x</sub></italic> along <italic>x</italic>-axis. The central wavelength of FBG is tuned with the range of >20 nm, whereas the spectral profile changes slightly.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Typical laser characteristics.</title><p>(a) Optical spectra at the FBG bandwidths (Δ<italic>λ<sub>B</sub></italic>) of 0.17, 0.35, 0.71, and 1.48 nm (from inner to outer) by vertically translating the screw <italic>G<sub>z</sub></italic> in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Fig. 1(b)</xref>. (b) Autocorrelation traces of the experimental data (circle symbols) and sech<sup>2</sup>–shaped fit (solid curves). The FWHM spectral bandwidths (Δ<italic>λ</italic>) and the corresponding pulse widths (Δ<italic>τ</italic>) are about 0.035 nm and 73.5 ps, 0.07 nm and 35 ps, 0.216 nm and 14.6 ps, and 0.386 nm and 9.2 ps, respectively. (c) Fundamental RF spectrum with the resolution of 2 Hz and the span of 200 Hz. Inset in the top left corner: RF spectrum with the resolution of 10 Hz and the span of 80 kHz. Inset in the top right corner: oscilloscope traces with the separation of ~104.13 ns, corresponding to 9.60376 MHz of the fundamental harmonic frequency that is independent of the pump power. (d) Wideband RF spectrum up to 3 GHz.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><title>(a) Pulse width Δ<italic>τ</italic> and (b) spectral bandwidth Δ<italic>λ</italic> with respect to the FBG bandwidth Δ<italic>λ<sub>B</sub></italic>.</title><p>The beam is translated vertically, i.e., translating the screw <italic>G<sub>z</sub></italic> along the direction of <italic>z</italic>-axis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f5"></graphic></fig><fig id="f6"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><title>Output spectra of laser by horizontally translating the screw <italic>G<sub>x</sub></italic> along the direction of <italic>x</italic>-axis.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep09399-f6"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, Xueming" sort="Liu, Xueming" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xueming" last="Liu">Xueming Liu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cui, Yudong" sort="Cui, Yudong" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yudong" last="Cui">Yudong Cui</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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