In vivo detection of PARACEST agents with relaxation correction
Identifieur interne : 000469 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000468; suivant : 000470In vivo detection of PARACEST agents with relaxation correction
Auteurs : Craig K. Jones ; Alex X. Li ; Mojmír Such ; Robert H. E. Hudson ; Ravi S. Menon ; Robert BarthaSource :
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine [ 0740-3194 ] ; 2010-05.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Agent concentration, Agent injection, Analytical solution, Baseline, Baseline value, Bloch equations, Bovine serum albumin, Bulk water, Bulk water protons, Bulk water relaxation, Bulk water visibility, Chemical shift, Contrast agent, Contrast agent injection, Contrast agents, Control images, Current study, Detection sensitivity, Echo time, Exchange rate, Exchange terms, Exchangeable proton, Exchangeable protons, Exponential, Exponential relation, Flash images, Flash pulse sequence, Flash sequence, Flash signal equation, Flip angle, Good agreement, Gradient echo pulse sequence, Image signal intensity, Imaging, Initial value, Kidney, Magn, Magn reson, Medulla, Medulla region, Metabolic mapping, Mouse kidney, Oparachee, Oparachee contrast, Oparachee curve, Oparachee effect, Oparachee mechanism, Oparachee percentage change, Oparachee signal, Paracest, Paracest agent, Paracest agents, Paracest effect, Paramagnetic chemical exchange effects, Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer, Phantom, Phantom relaxation measurements, Physiologic parameters, Preparation pulse, Previous studies, Proton, Proton chemical exchange, Pulse, Pulse sequence, Pulse sequences, Relaxation, Relaxation effects, Relaxation mechanisms, Relaxation parameters, Relaxation time, Relaxation time constants, Reson, Robarts research institute, Robert bartha, Second acquisition, Second image, Siflash, Signal change, Signal changes, Signal equation, Signal intensities, Signal variation, Simodeled, Simodeled flash, Slow exchange condition, Such sequences, Superior edge, Time constants, Time course, Time courses, Time point, Vivo, Vivo agent concentration, Vivo detection, Vivo paracest, Waltz preparation, Western ontario, Zhang.
- Teeft :
- Agent concentration, Agent injection, Analytical solution, Baseline, Baseline value, Bloch equations, Bovine serum albumin, Bulk water, Bulk water protons, Bulk water relaxation, Bulk water visibility, Chemical shift, Contrast agent, Contrast agent injection, Contrast agents, Control images, Current study, Detection sensitivity, Echo time, Exchange rate, Exchange terms, Exchangeable proton, Exchangeable protons, Exponential, Exponential relation, Flash images, Flash pulse sequence, Flash sequence, Flash signal equation, Flip angle, Good agreement, Gradient echo pulse sequence, Image signal intensity, Imaging, Initial value, Kidney, Magn, Magn reson, Medulla, Medulla region, Metabolic mapping, Mouse kidney, Oparachee, Oparachee contrast, Oparachee curve, Oparachee effect, Oparachee mechanism, Oparachee percentage change, Oparachee signal, Paracest, Paracest agent, Paracest agents, Paracest effect, Paramagnetic chemical exchange effects, Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer, Phantom, Phantom relaxation measurements, Physiologic parameters, Preparation pulse, Previous studies, Proton, Proton chemical exchange, Pulse, Pulse sequence, Pulse sequences, Relaxation, Relaxation effects, Relaxation mechanisms, Relaxation parameters, Relaxation time, Relaxation time constants, Reson, Robarts research institute, Robert bartha, Second acquisition, Second image, Siflash, Signal change, Signal changes, Signal equation, Signal intensities, Signal variation, Simodeled, Simodeled flash, Slow exchange condition, Such sequences, Superior edge, Time constants, Time course, Time courses, Time point, Vivo, Vivo agent concentration, Vivo detection, Vivo paracest, Waltz preparation, Western ontario, Zhang.
Abstract
Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22340
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:1611F0A9928A6FBBC9E36091C8089CA084DE4134Le document en format XML
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Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Such, Mojmir" sort="Such, Mojmir" uniqKey="Such M" first="Mojmír" last="Such">Mojmír Such</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudson, Robert H E" sort="Hudson, Robert H E" uniqKey="Hudson R" first="Robert H. E." last="Hudson">Robert H. E. 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Jones</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Alex X" sort="Li, Alex X" uniqKey="Li A" first="Alex X." last="Li">Alex X. Li</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Such, Mojmir" sort="Such, Mojmir" uniqKey="Such M" first="Mojmír" last="Such">Mojmír Such</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudson, Robert H E" sort="Hudson, Robert H E" uniqKey="Hudson R" first="Robert H. E." last="Hudson">Robert H. E. 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Menon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bartha, Robert" sort="Bartha, Robert" uniqKey="Bartha R" first="Robert" last="Bartha">Robert Bartha</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: rbartha@imaging.robarts.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, PO Box 5015, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</title><title level="j" type="alt">MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE</title><idno type="ISSN">0740-3194</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2594</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">63</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1184">1184</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1192">1192</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-05">2010-05</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0740-3194</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0740-3194</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agent concentration</term><term>Agent injection</term><term>Analytical solution</term><term>Baseline</term><term>Baseline value</term><term>Bloch equations</term><term>Bovine serum albumin</term><term>Bulk water</term><term>Bulk water protons</term><term>Bulk water relaxation</term><term>Bulk water visibility</term><term>Chemical shift</term><term>Contrast agent</term><term>Contrast agent injection</term><term>Contrast agents</term><term>Control images</term><term>Current study</term><term>Detection sensitivity</term><term>Echo time</term><term>Exchange rate</term><term>Exchange terms</term><term>Exchangeable proton</term><term>Exchangeable protons</term><term>Exponential</term><term>Exponential relation</term><term>Flash images</term><term>Flash pulse sequence</term><term>Flash sequence</term><term>Flash signal equation</term><term>Flip angle</term><term>Good agreement</term><term>Gradient echo pulse sequence</term><term>Image signal intensity</term><term>Imaging</term><term>Initial value</term><term>Kidney</term><term>Magn</term><term>Magn reson</term><term>Medulla</term><term>Medulla region</term><term>Metabolic mapping</term><term>Mouse kidney</term><term>Oparachee</term><term>Oparachee contrast</term><term>Oparachee curve</term><term>Oparachee effect</term><term>Oparachee mechanism</term><term>Oparachee percentage change</term><term>Oparachee signal</term><term>Paracest</term><term>Paracest agent</term><term>Paracest agents</term><term>Paracest effect</term><term>Paramagnetic chemical exchange effects</term><term>Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer</term><term>Phantom</term><term>Phantom relaxation measurements</term><term>Physiologic parameters</term><term>Preparation pulse</term><term>Previous studies</term><term>Proton</term><term>Proton chemical exchange</term><term>Pulse</term><term>Pulse sequence</term><term>Pulse sequences</term><term>Relaxation</term><term>Relaxation effects</term><term>Relaxation mechanisms</term><term>Relaxation parameters</term><term>Relaxation time</term><term>Relaxation time constants</term><term>Reson</term><term>Robarts research institute</term><term>Robert bartha</term><term>Second acquisition</term><term>Second image</term><term>Siflash</term><term>Signal change</term><term>Signal changes</term><term>Signal equation</term><term>Signal intensities</term><term>Signal variation</term><term>Simodeled</term><term>Simodeled flash</term><term>Slow exchange condition</term><term>Such sequences</term><term>Superior edge</term><term>Time constants</term><term>Time course</term><term>Time courses</term><term>Time point</term><term>Vivo</term><term>Vivo agent concentration</term><term>Vivo detection</term><term>Vivo paracest</term><term>Waltz preparation</term><term>Western ontario</term><term>Zhang</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Agent concentration</term><term>Agent injection</term><term>Analytical solution</term><term>Baseline</term><term>Baseline value</term><term>Bloch equations</term><term>Bovine serum albumin</term><term>Bulk water</term><term>Bulk water protons</term><term>Bulk water relaxation</term><term>Bulk water visibility</term><term>Chemical shift</term><term>Contrast agent</term><term>Contrast agent injection</term><term>Contrast agents</term><term>Control images</term><term>Current study</term><term>Detection sensitivity</term><term>Echo time</term><term>Exchange rate</term><term>Exchange terms</term><term>Exchangeable proton</term><term>Exchangeable protons</term><term>Exponential</term><term>Exponential relation</term><term>Flash images</term><term>Flash pulse sequence</term><term>Flash sequence</term><term>Flash signal equation</term><term>Flip angle</term><term>Good agreement</term><term>Gradient echo pulse sequence</term><term>Image signal intensity</term><term>Imaging</term><term>Initial value</term><term>Kidney</term><term>Magn</term><term>Magn reson</term><term>Medulla</term><term>Medulla region</term><term>Metabolic mapping</term><term>Mouse kidney</term><term>Oparachee</term><term>Oparachee contrast</term><term>Oparachee curve</term><term>Oparachee effect</term><term>Oparachee mechanism</term><term>Oparachee percentage change</term><term>Oparachee signal</term><term>Paracest</term><term>Paracest agent</term><term>Paracest agents</term><term>Paracest effect</term><term>Paramagnetic chemical exchange effects</term><term>Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer</term><term>Phantom</term><term>Phantom relaxation measurements</term><term>Physiologic parameters</term><term>Preparation pulse</term><term>Previous studies</term><term>Proton</term><term>Proton chemical exchange</term><term>Pulse</term><term>Pulse sequence</term><term>Pulse sequences</term><term>Relaxation</term><term>Relaxation effects</term><term>Relaxation mechanisms</term><term>Relaxation parameters</term><term>Relaxation time</term><term>Relaxation time constants</term><term>Reson</term><term>Robarts research institute</term><term>Robert bartha</term><term>Second acquisition</term><term>Second image</term><term>Siflash</term><term>Signal change</term><term>Signal changes</term><term>Signal equation</term><term>Signal intensities</term><term>Signal variation</term><term>Simodeled</term><term>Simodeled flash</term><term>Slow exchange condition</term><term>Such sequences</term><term>Superior edge</term><term>Time constants</term><term>Time course</term><term>Time courses</term><term>Time point</term><term>Vivo</term><term>Vivo agent concentration</term><term>Vivo detection</term><term>Vivo paracest</term><term>Waltz preparation</term><term>Western ontario</term><term>Zhang</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>paracest</json:string><json:string>oparachee</json:string><json:string>medulla</json:string><json:string>oparachee effect</json:string><json:string>magn</json:string><json:string>reson</json:string><json:string>preparation pulse</json:string><json:string>siflash</json:string><json:string>agent concentration</json:string><json:string>magn reson</json:string><json:string>paracest agents</json:string><json:string>paracest effect</json:string><json:string>relaxation time constants</json:string><json:string>simodeled</json:string><json:string>relaxation parameters</json:string><json:string>current study</json:string><json:string>signal changes</json:string><json:string>paracest agent</json:string><json:string>agent injection</json:string><json:string>mouse kidney</json:string><json:string>zhang</json:string><json:string>oparachee contrast</json:string><json:string>time courses</json:string><json:string>signal intensities</json:string><json:string>time course</json:string><json:string>pulse sequence</json:string><json:string>bulk water</json:string><json:string>signal change</json:string><json:string>baseline</json:string><json:string>flash sequence</json:string><json:string>bulk water visibility</json:string><json:string>proton</json:string><json:string>bloch equations</json:string><json:string>exponential relation</json:string><json:string>western ontario</json:string><json:string>oparachee signal</json:string><json:string>oparachee percentage change</json:string><json:string>chemical shift</json:string><json:string>relaxation effects</json:string><json:string>vivo paracest</json:string><json:string>baseline value</json:string><json:string>echo time</json:string><json:string>relaxation</json:string><json:string>imaging</json:string><json:string>exponential</json:string><json:string>phantom</json:string><json:string>such sequences</json:string><json:string>exchange terms</json:string><json:string>previous studies</json:string><json:string>contrast agent</json:string><json:string>oparachee mechanism</json:string><json:string>contrast agents</json:string><json:string>medulla region</json:string><json:string>contrast agent injection</json:string><json:string>flash images</json:string><json:string>signal equation</json:string><json:string>bulk water protons</json:string><json:string>kidney</json:string><json:string>pulse</json:string><json:string>vivo</json:string><json:string>flip angle</json:string><json:string>superior edge</json:string><json:string>time point</json:string><json:string>second acquisition</json:string><json:string>bovine serum albumin</json:string><json:string>vivo detection</json:string><json:string>relaxation time</json:string><json:string>exchange rate</json:string><json:string>detection sensitivity</json:string><json:string>slow exchange condition</json:string><json:string>time constants</json:string><json:string>exchangeable proton</json:string><json:string>robarts research institute</json:string><json:string>phantom relaxation measurements</json:string><json:string>metabolic mapping</json:string><json:string>exchangeable protons</json:string><json:string>physiologic parameters</json:string><json:string>flash signal equation</json:string><json:string>simodeled flash</json:string><json:string>gradient echo pulse sequence</json:string><json:string>image signal intensity</json:string><json:string>control images</json:string><json:string>paramagnetic chemical exchange effects</json:string><json:string>second image</json:string><json:string>bulk water relaxation</json:string><json:string>good agreement</json:string><json:string>oparachee curve</json:string><json:string>paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer</json:string><json:string>initial value</json:string><json:string>vivo agent concentration</json:string><json:string>relaxation mechanisms</json:string><json:string>waltz preparation</json:string><json:string>analytical solution</json:string><json:string>signal variation</json:string><json:string>pulse sequences</json:string><json:string>proton chemical exchange</json:string><json:string>robert bartha</json:string><json:string>flash pulse sequence</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Craig K. Jones</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alex X. Li</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mojmír Suchý</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Robert H. E. Hudson</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ravi S. Menon</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Robert Bartha</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, PO Box 5015, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada===</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PARACEST</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>in‐vivo</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>kidney</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>OPARACHEE</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>contrast agent</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MRI</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>chemical exchange</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>relaxation, mouse</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MRM22340</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. 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E.</forename><surname>Hudson</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Ravi S.</forename><surname>Menon</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Robert</forename><surname>Bartha</surname></persName><email>rbartha@imaging.robarts.ca</email><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, PO Box 5015, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada===</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">1611F0A9928A6FBBC9E36091C8089CA084DE4134</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-5JJT3SWN-W</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mrm.22340</idno><idno type="unit">MRM22340</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:MRM.MRM22340.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</title><title level="j" type="alt">MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE</title><idno type="pISSN">0740-3194</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2594</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2594</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/mrm.v63:5</idno><idno type="product">MRM</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">63</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1184">1184</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1192">1192</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-05"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm<hi rend="superscript">3+</hi>‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">PARACEST</term><term xml:id="kwd2">in‐vivo</term><term xml:id="kwd3">kidney</term><term xml:id="kwd4">OPARACHEE</term><term xml:id="kwd5">contrast agent</term><term xml:id="kwd6">MRI</term><term xml:id="kwd7">chemical exchange</term><term xml:id="kwd8">relaxation, mouse</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Full Paper</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Full Papers</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1611F0A9928A6FBBC9E36091C8089CA084DE4134/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2594</doi><issn type="print">0740-3194</issn><issn type="electronic">1522-2594</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MRM"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</title><title type="short">Magn. 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The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm<sup>3+</sup>‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn5"><p>Re‐use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at <url href="http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms">http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms</url></p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>In vivo detection of PARACEST agents with relaxation correction</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>In Vivo PARACEST MRI</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>In vivo detection of PARACEST agents with relaxation correction</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Craig K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Li</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mojmír</namePart><namePart type="family">Suchý</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert H. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hudson</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ravi S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Menon</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart><namePart type="family">Bartha</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: rbartha@imaging.robarts.ca</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, PO Box 5015, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-05</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-06-17</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-12-01</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">22</extent><extent unit="words">6200</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="content">*Re‐use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms</note><note type="funding">Unknown funding agency</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>PARACEST</topic><topic>in‐vivo</topic><topic>kidney</topic><topic>OPARACHEE</topic><topic>contrast agent</topic><topic>MRI</topic><topic>chemical exchange</topic><topic>relaxation, mouse</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Magn. Reson. 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