In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.
Identifieur interne : 000979 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000978; suivant : 000980In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.
Auteurs : Amanda V. Arjoon ; Charlotte V. Saylor ; Meghan MaySource :
- BMC complementary and alternative medicine [ 1472-6882 ] ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology), Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use), Bacillus subtilis (drug effects), Bacillus subtilis (genetics), Escherichia coli (drug effects), Escherichia coli (growth & development), Humans (MeSH), Magnoliopsida (MeSH), Microbial Sensitivity Tests (MeSH), Mycoplasma Infections (drug therapy), Mycoplasma Infections (microbiology), Mycoplasma mycoides (drug effects), Mycoplasma mycoides (growth & development), Phytotherapy (MeSH), Plant Extracts (pharmacology), Plant Extracts (therapeutic use), Plants, Medicinal (MeSH), Ruminants (MeSH), Silver (pharmacology).
- MESH :
- chemical , pharmacology : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant Extracts, Silver.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant Extracts.
- drug effects : Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma mycoides.
- drug therapy : Mycoplasma Infections.
- genetics : Bacillus subtilis.
- growth & development : Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma mycoides.
- microbiology : Mycoplasma Infections.
- Animals, Humans, Magnoliopsida, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phytotherapy, Plants, Medicinal, Ruminants.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. Mycoplasma species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.
METHODS
Aqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri was determined and compared to activities measured against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.
RESULTS
Growth of M. mycoides capri, E. coli, and B. subtilis was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of M. mycoides capri and B. subtilis was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of E. coli was not. Similarly, M. mycoides capri and E. coli were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but B. subtilis was unaffected. Only B. subtilis was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.
CONCLUSIONS
The atypical pathogen M. mycoides capri was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-169
PubMed: 23031072
PubMed Central: PMC3517410
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:23031072Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Saylor, Charlotte V" sort="Saylor, Charlotte V" uniqKey="Saylor C" first="Charlotte V" last="Saylor">Charlotte V. Saylor</name>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Bacillus subtilis (drug effects)</term>
<term>Bacillus subtilis (genetics)</term>
<term>Escherichia coli (drug effects)</term>
<term>Escherichia coli (growth & development)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Magnoliopsida (MeSH)</term>
<term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycoplasma Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Mycoplasma Infections (microbiology)</term>
<term>Mycoplasma mycoides (drug effects)</term>
<term>Mycoplasma mycoides (growth & development)</term>
<term>Phytotherapy (MeSH)</term>
<term>Plant Extracts (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Plant Extracts (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Plants, Medicinal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Ruminants (MeSH)</term>
<term>Silver (pharmacology)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term>
<term>Plant Extracts</term>
<term>Silver</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term>
<term>Plant Extracts</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacillus subtilis</term>
<term>Escherichia coli</term>
<term>Mycoplasma mycoides</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycoplasma Infections</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacillus subtilis</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="growth & development" xml:lang="en"><term>Escherichia coli</term>
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<term>Humans</term>
<term>Magnoliopsida</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. Mycoplasma species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Aqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri was determined and compared to activities measured against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Growth of M. mycoides capri, E. coli, and B. subtilis was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of M. mycoides capri and B. subtilis was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of E. coli was not. Similarly, M. mycoides capri and E. coli were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but B. subtilis was unaffected. Only B. subtilis was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>The atypical pathogen M. mycoides capri was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. Mycoplasma species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Aqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri was determined and compared to activities measured against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Growth of M. mycoides capri, E. coli, and B. subtilis was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of M. mycoides capri and B. subtilis was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of E. coli was not. Similarly, M. mycoides capri and E. coli were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but B. subtilis was unaffected. Only B. subtilis was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.</AbstractText>
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