Mass Change of Glaciers in Muztag Ata–Kongur Tagh, Eastern Pamir, China from 1971/76 to 2013/14 as Derived from Remote Sensing Data
Identifieur interne : 000005 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000004; suivant : 000006Mass Change of Glaciers in Muztag Ata–Kongur Tagh, Eastern Pamir, China from 1971/76 to 2013/14 as Derived from Remote Sensing Data
Auteurs : Zhen Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Shiyin Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Junfeng Wei [République populaire de Chine] ; Junli Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Wanqin Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Weijia Bao [République populaire de Chine] ; Zongli Jiang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The assessment of glacier mass budget is crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. Derived glacier mass changes in the Muztag Ata and Kongur Tagh (MAKT) region in the eastern Pamir, northwestern China, is helpful in improving our knowledge of the dynamics of glaciers under a changing climate in High Mountain Asia. Here, glacier area and mass changes derived from remote sensing data are investigated for the period 1971/76–2013/14 for glaciers in MAKT. We have used ASTER images (2013/14), Cartosat-1 (2014) and Landsat, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission) digital elevation model (DEM) (2000), topographic maps (1971/76) and the first and second Chinese glacier inventories (CGIs). Our results indicated that the glacier area of MAKT decreased from 1018.3 ± 12.99 km2 in 1971/76 to 999.2 ± 31.22 km2 in 2014 (–1.9 ± 0.2%). Weak area shrinkage of glaciers by 2.5 ± 0.5 km2 (0.2 ± 0.1%) happened after 2000 and the period 2009–2014 even saw a slight expansion by 0.5 ± 0.1 km2 (0.1 ± 0.0%). The glaciers in this region have experienced an overall loss of –6.99 ± 0.80 km3 in ice volume or –0.15 ± 0.12 m water equivalent (w.e.) a–1 from 1971/76 to 2013/14. The mass budget of MAKT was –0.19 ± 0.19 m w.e. a−1 for the period ~1971/76–1999 and –0.14 ± 0.24 m w.e. a−1 during 1999–2013/2014. Similar to previous studies, there has been little mass change in the Pamir over recent decades despite such uncertainties. Glacier mass change showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with strong mass loss on debris-covered glaciers with an average of –0.32 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1 from the 1970s to 2013/14.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147327
PubMed: 26789404
PubMed Central: 4720423
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The assessment of glacier mass budget is crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. Derived glacier mass changes in the Muztag Ata and Kongur Tagh (MAKT) region in the eastern Pamir, northwestern China, is helpful in improving our knowledge of the dynamics of glaciers under a changing climate in High Mountain Asia. Here, glacier area and mass changes derived from remote sensing data are investigated for the period 1971/76–2013/14 for glaciers in MAKT. We have used ASTER images (2013/14), Cartosat-1 (2014) and Landsat, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission) digital elevation model (DEM) (2000), topographic maps (1971/76) and the first and second Chinese glacier inventories (CGIs). Our results indicated that the glacier area of MAKT decreased from 1018.3 ± 12.99 km<sup>2</sup>
in 1971/76 to 999.2 ± 31.22 km<sup>2</sup>
in 2014 (–1.9 ± 0.2%). Weak area shrinkage of glaciers by 2.5 ± 0.5 km<sup>2</sup>
(0.2 ± 0.1%) happened after 2000 and the period 2009–2014 even saw a slight expansion by 0.5 ± 0.1 km<sup>2</sup>
(0.1 ± 0.0%). The glaciers in this region have experienced an overall loss of –6.99 ± 0.80 km<sup>3</sup>
in ice volume or –0.15 ± 0.12 m water equivalent (w.e.) a<sup>–1</sup>
from 1971/76 to 2013/14. The mass budget of MAKT was –0.19 ± 0.19 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
for the period ~1971/76–1999 and –0.14 ± 0.24 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
during 1999–2013/2014. Similar to previous studies, there has been little mass change in the Pamir over recent decades despite such uncertainties. Glacier mass change showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with strong mass loss on debris-covered glaciers with an average of –0.32 ± 0.12 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
from the 1970s to 2013/14.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26789404</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4720423</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0147327</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-15-33893</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Mass Change of Glaciers in Muztag Ata–Kongur Tagh, Eastern Pamir, China from 1971/76 to 2013/14 as Derived from Remote Sensing Data</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Mass Change of Glaciers in Muztag Ata–Kongur Tagh, Eastern Pamir, China</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Zhen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Shiyin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Wei</surname>
<given-names>Junfeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Junli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Wanqin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Bao</surname>
<given-names>Weijia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>Zongli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff003"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff004"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-Utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Liping</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CHINA</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: ZZ SL. Performed the experiments: ZZ JW JX WG WB ZJ. Analyzed the data: ZZ JW JX WG WB ZJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZZ JW JX WG WB ZJ. Wrote the paper: ZZ.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>liusy@lzb.ac.cn</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e0147327</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Zhang et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Zhang et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0147327.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The assessment of glacier mass budget is crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. Derived glacier mass changes in the Muztag Ata and Kongur Tagh (MAKT) region in the eastern Pamir, northwestern China, is helpful in improving our knowledge of the dynamics of glaciers under a changing climate in High Mountain Asia. Here, glacier area and mass changes derived from remote sensing data are investigated for the period 1971/76–2013/14 for glaciers in MAKT. We have used ASTER images (2013/14), Cartosat-1 (2014) and Landsat, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Terrain Mission) digital elevation model (DEM) (2000), topographic maps (1971/76) and the first and second Chinese glacier inventories (CGIs). Our results indicated that the glacier area of MAKT decreased from 1018.3 ± 12.99 km<sup>2</sup>
in 1971/76 to 999.2 ± 31.22 km<sup>2</sup>
in 2014 (–1.9 ± 0.2%). Weak area shrinkage of glaciers by 2.5 ± 0.5 km<sup>2</sup>
(0.2 ± 0.1%) happened after 2000 and the period 2009–2014 even saw a slight expansion by 0.5 ± 0.1 km<sup>2</sup>
(0.1 ± 0.0%). The glaciers in this region have experienced an overall loss of –6.99 ± 0.80 km<sup>3</sup>
in ice volume or –0.15 ± 0.12 m water equivalent (w.e.) a<sup>–1</sup>
from 1971/76 to 2013/14. The mass budget of MAKT was –0.19 ± 0.19 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
for the period ~1971/76–1999 and –0.14 ± 0.24 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
during 1999–2013/2014. Similar to previous studies, there has been little mass change in the Pamir over recent decades despite such uncertainties. Glacier mass change showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with strong mass loss on debris-covered glaciers with an average of –0.32 ± 0.12 m w.e. a<sup>−1</sup>
from the 1970s to 2013/14.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by the fundamental program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) (Grant No. 2013FY111400), the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZZD-EW-12-1), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41190084 and 41471067).</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count>
<table-count count="5"></table-count>
<page-count count="18"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>The glacier inventory data are available from "Investigation on glacier resources and their change in China" of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) (Grant No. 2006FY110200) and "Glacier change monitoring and its impact assessment research in west China" of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No.kzcx2-yw-301) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/glacier">http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/glacier</ext-link>
, accessed on 7.21.2015). The satellite images were provided by USGS (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/">http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/</ext-link>
) and NASA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://reverb.echo.nasa.gov/">http://reverb.echo.nasa.gov/</ext-link>
).</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>The glacier inventory data are available from "Investigation on glacier resources and their change in China" of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) (Grant No. 2006FY110200) and "Glacier change monitoring and its impact assessment research in west China" of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No.kzcx2-yw-301) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/glacier">http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/glacier</ext-link>
, accessed on 7.21.2015). The satellite images were provided by USGS (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/">http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/</ext-link>
) and NASA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://reverb.echo.nasa.gov/">http://reverb.echo.nasa.gov/</ext-link>
).</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<settlement><li>Pékin</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhang, Zhen" sort="Zhang, Zhen" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhen" last="Zhang">Zhen Zhang</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bao, Weijia" sort="Bao, Weijia" uniqKey="Bao W" first="Weijia" last="Bao">Weijia Bao</name>
<name sortKey="Bao, Weijia" sort="Bao, Weijia" uniqKey="Bao W" first="Weijia" last="Bao">Weijia Bao</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Wanqin" sort="Guo, Wanqin" uniqKey="Guo W" first="Wanqin" last="Guo">Wanqin Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Jiang, Zongli" sort="Jiang, Zongli" uniqKey="Jiang Z" first="Zongli" last="Jiang">Zongli Jiang</name>
<name sortKey="Jiang, Zongli" sort="Jiang, Zongli" uniqKey="Jiang Z" first="Zongli" last="Jiang">Zongli Jiang</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Shiyin" sort="Liu, Shiyin" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shiyin" last="Liu">Shiyin Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Wei, Junfeng" sort="Wei, Junfeng" uniqKey="Wei J" first="Junfeng" last="Wei">Junfeng Wei</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Junli" sort="Xu, Junli" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Junli" last="Xu">Junli Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Junli" sort="Xu, Junli" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Junli" last="Xu">Junli Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Zhen" sort="Zhang, Zhen" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhen" last="Zhang">Zhen Zhang</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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