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Precursory activity of the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff eruption, Aegean Sea (Greece)

Identifieur interne : 000013 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000012; suivant : 000014

Precursory activity of the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff eruption, Aegean Sea (Greece)

Auteurs : David J. W. Piper [Canada] ; Georgia Pe-Piper [Canada] ; Darren Lefort [Canada]

Source :

RBID : Pascal:10-0389538

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption of 161 ka was the largest explosive Quaternary eruption in the eastern Mediterranean. We have discovered an uplifted beach deposit of abraded pumice cobbles, directly overlain by the KPT. The pumice cobbles resemble pumice from the KPT in petrography and composition and differ from Plio-Pleistocene rhyolites on the nearby Kefalos Peninsula. The pumice contains enclaves of basaltic andesite showing chilled lobate margins, suggesting co-existence of two magmas. The deposit provides evidence that the precursory phase of the KPT eruption produced pumice rafts, and defines the paleoshoreline for the KPT, which elsewhere was deposited on land. The beach deposit has been uplifted about 120 m since the KPT eruption, whereas the present marine area south of Kos has subsided several hundred metres, as a result of regional neotectonics. The basaltic andesite is more primitive than other mafic rocks known from the Kos-Nisyros volcanic centre and contains phenocrysts of Fo89 olivine, bytownite, enstatite and diopside. Groundmass amphibole suggests availability of water in the final stages of magma evolution. Geochemical and mineralogical variation in the mafic products of the KPT eruption indicate that fractionation of basaltic magma in a base-of-crust magma chamber was followed by mixing with rhyolitic magma during eruption. Low eruption rates during the precursory activity may have minimised the extent of mixing and preserved the end-member magma types.


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Pascal:10-0389538

Le document en format XML

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<term>Quaternary</term>
<term>amphibole</term>
<term>basaltic andesite</term>
<term>bytownite</term>
<term>crust</term>
<term>diopside</term>
<term>enstatite</term>
<term>eruptions</term>
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<term>olivine</term>
<term>pebbles</term>
<term>petrography</term>
<term>phenocrysts</term>
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<term>Plateau</term>
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<term>Ponce</term>
<term>Galet</term>
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<term>Pléistocène</term>
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<term>Enstatite</term>
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<term>Amphibole</term>
<term>Fractionnement</term>
<term>Croûte terrestre</term>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption of 161 ka was the largest explosive Quaternary eruption in the eastern Mediterranean. We have discovered an uplifted beach deposit of abraded pumice cobbles, directly overlain by the KPT. The pumice cobbles resemble pumice from the KPT in petrography and composition and differ from Plio-Pleistocene rhyolites on the nearby Kefalos Peninsula. The pumice contains enclaves of basaltic andesite showing chilled lobate margins, suggesting co-existence of two magmas. The deposit provides evidence that the precursory phase of the KPT eruption produced pumice rafts, and defines the paleoshoreline for the KPT, which elsewhere was deposited on land. The beach deposit has been uplifted about 120 m since the KPT eruption, whereas the present marine area south of Kos has subsided several hundred metres, as a result of regional neotectonics. The basaltic andesite is more primitive than other mafic rocks known from the Kos-Nisyros volcanic centre and contains phenocrysts of Fo
<sub>89</sub>
olivine, bytownite, enstatite and diopside. Groundmass amphibole suggests availability of water in the final stages of magma evolution. Geochemical and mineralogical variation in the mafic products of the KPT eruption indicate that fractionation of basaltic magma in a base-of-crust magma chamber was followed by mixing with rhyolitic magma during eruption. Low eruption rates during the precursory activity may have minimised the extent of mixing and preserved the end-member magma types.</div>
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<s0>The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) eruption of 161 ka was the largest explosive Quaternary eruption in the eastern Mediterranean. We have discovered an uplifted beach deposit of abraded pumice cobbles, directly overlain by the KPT. The pumice cobbles resemble pumice from the KPT in petrography and composition and differ from Plio-Pleistocene rhyolites on the nearby Kefalos Peninsula. The pumice contains enclaves of basaltic andesite showing chilled lobate margins, suggesting co-existence of two magmas. The deposit provides evidence that the precursory phase of the KPT eruption produced pumice rafts, and defines the paleoshoreline for the KPT, which elsewhere was deposited on land. The beach deposit has been uplifted about 120 m since the KPT eruption, whereas the present marine area south of Kos has subsided several hundred metres, as a result of regional neotectonics. The basaltic andesite is more primitive than other mafic rocks known from the Kos-Nisyros volcanic centre and contains phenocrysts of Fo
<sub>89</sub>
olivine, bytownite, enstatite and diopside. Groundmass amphibole suggests availability of water in the final stages of magma evolution. Geochemical and mineralogical variation in the mafic products of the KPT eruption indicate that fractionation of basaltic magma in a base-of-crust magma chamber was followed by mixing with rhyolitic magma during eruption. Low eruption rates during the precursory activity may have minimised the extent of mixing and preserved the end-member magma types.</s0>
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<s5>01</s5>
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<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Tuf volcanique</s0>
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<s5>02</s5>
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<s5>02</s5>
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<s0>Toba volcánica</s0>
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<s5>02</s5>
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<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Eruption</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
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<s5>03</s5>
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<s5>03</s5>
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<s0>Quaternaire</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
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<s0>Quaternary</s0>
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<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
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<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Surrection</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
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<s0>uplifts</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
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<s0>Ponce</s0>
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<s5>07</s5>
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<s0>pumice</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
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<s0>Piedra pómez</s0>
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<s0>Galet</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
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<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG">
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<s5>08</s5>
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<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA">
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<s5>08</s5>
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<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Pétrographie</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
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<s5>10</s5>
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<s0>Rhyolite</s0>
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<s5>11</s5>
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<s0>rhyolites</s0>
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<s5>11</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Andésite basaltique</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>basaltic andesite</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Magma</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
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<s0>magmas</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
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<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Magma</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
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<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Néotectonique</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
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<s0>neotectonics</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
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<s0>Olivine</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>16</s5>
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<s0>olivine</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>16</s5>
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<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Olivino</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>16</s5>
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<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Bytownite</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>17</s5>
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<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>bytownite</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>17</s5>
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<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Bitownita</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Enstatite</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>enstatite</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Enstatita</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>18</s5>
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<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Diopside</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>19</s5>
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<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>diopside</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>19</s5>
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<s0>Diópsido</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>19</s5>
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<s0>Amphibole</s0>
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<s5>20</s5>
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<s0>amphibole</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>20</s5>
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<s0>Anfíbol</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Fractionnement</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>fractionation</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Croûte terrestre</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>crust</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Corteza terrestre</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Chambre magmatique</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>magma chambers</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Cámara magmática</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mixage</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>mixing</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Mezcla</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Ile Cos</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Kos</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Isla Cos</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mer Egée</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Aegean Sea</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Mar Egeo</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Pyroclastite</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>pyroclastics</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Roche volcanique</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>volcanic rocks</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Roca volcánica</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Roche ignée</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>igneous rocks</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Roca ignea</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Cénozoïque</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Cenozoic</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Cenozoico</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Phanérozoïque</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Phanerozoic</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Fanerozoico</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Andésite</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>andesites</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Andesita</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Nésosilicate</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>nesosilicates</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Silicate</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>silicates</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Silicato</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Plagioclase</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>plagioclase</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Plagioclasa</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Feldspath</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>feldspar</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Feldespato</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Tectosilicate</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>framework silicates</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Pyroxène ortho</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>orthopyroxene</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Piroxeno orto</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Pyroxène</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>pyroxene</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Piroxeno</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Inosilicate</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>chain silicates</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Pyroxène clino</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>clinopyroxene</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Piroxeno clino</s0>
<s2>NZ</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Iles Dodécanèse</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Dodecanese</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Islas Dodecanese</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Iles Egée Grèce</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Greek Aegean Islands</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Islas Egeas Griegas</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Grèce</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Greece</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="18" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Grecia</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="19" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Europe Sud</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="19" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Southern Europe</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="19" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Europa Sur</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Europe</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="20" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Europe</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="20" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Europa</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mer Méditerranée Est</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>East Mediterranean</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="21" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Mar Mediterraneo Este</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="22" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mer Méditerranée</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="22" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Mediterranean Sea</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="22" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Mar Mediterráneo</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21>
<s1>249</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01">
<s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82>
<s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Canada</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Canada">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Piper, David J W" sort="Piper, David J W" uniqKey="Piper D" first="David J. W." last="Piper">David J. W. Piper</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Lefort, Darren" sort="Lefort, Darren" uniqKey="Lefort D" first="Darren" last="Lefort">Darren Lefort</name>
<name sortKey="Pe Piper, Georgia" sort="Pe Piper, Georgia" uniqKey="Pe Piper G" first="Georgia" last="Pe-Piper">Georgia Pe-Piper</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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   |wiki=    Wicri/Terre
   |area=    NissirosV1
   |flux=    PascalFrancis
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   |texte=   Precursory activity of the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff eruption, Aegean Sea (Greece)
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