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Application of stochastic simulation to CO2 flux from soil: Mapping and quantification of gas release

Identifieur interne : 000021 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 000020; suivant : 000022

Application of stochastic simulation to CO2 flux from soil: Mapping and quantification of gas release

Auteurs : C. Cardellini [Italie] ; G. Chiodini [Italie] ; F. Frondini [Italie]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:69982DA8CAACB55B0736768C716704AF5CB05927

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English descriptors

Abstract

Conditional sequential Gaussian simulations (sGs) have been applied for the first time to the study of soil diffuse degassing from different volcanic and nonvolcanic systems. The application regards five data sets of soil CO2 fluxes measured with the accumulation chamber methodology at the volcanic areas of Solfatara of Pozzuoli (Italy), Vesuvio cone (Italy), Nisyros (Greece), and Horseshoe Lake (California) and at the nonvolcanic degassing area of Poggio dell'Olivo (Italy). The sGs algorithm was used to generate 100 realizations of CO2 flux for each area. Probabilistic summaries of these simulations, together with the information given by probability plots, were used (1) to draw maps of the probability that CO2 fluxes exceed thresholds specific for a background flux, i.e., to define the probable extension of the degassing structures, (2) to calculate the total CO2 output, and (3) to quantify the uncertainty of the estimation. The results show that the sGs is a suitable tool to model soil diffuse degassing, producing realistic images of the distribution of the CO2 fluxes that honor the histogram and variogram of the original data. Moreover, the relation between the sample design and the uncertainty of estimation was investigated leading to an empirical relation between uncertainty and the sampling density that can be useful for the planning of future CO2 flux surveys.

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DOI: 10.1029/2002JB002165

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ISTEX:69982DA8CAACB55B0736768C716704AF5CB05927

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<term>Algorithm</term>
<term>Background population</term>
<term>Bimodal distributions</term>
<term>Biological activity</term>
<term>Caldera</term>
<term>Carbon dioxide</term>
<term>Cardellini</term>
<term>Characteristic values</term>
<term>Chem</term>
<term>Chiodini</term>
<term>Conditioning data</term>
<term>Confidence interval</term>
<term>Cumulative distribution</term>
<term>Cumulative distribution function</term>
<term>Cutoff values</term>
<term>Data sets</term>
<term>Degassing</term>
<term>Degassing process</term>
<term>Degassing processes</term>
<term>Degassing structures</term>
<term>Deutsch</term>
<term>Different areas</term>
<term>Diffuse</term>
<term>Diffuse degassing</term>
<term>Diffuse degassing structures</term>
<term>Diffuse emission</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Empirical relation</term>
<term>Equiprobable realizations</term>
<term>Ergodic fluctuations</term>
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<term>Flux figure</term>
<term>Flux maps</term>
<term>Flux population</term>
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<term>Flux value</term>
<term>Flux values</term>
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<term>Gaussian</term>
<term>Geol</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Geothermal areas</term>
<term>Goovaerts</term>
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<term>Grid cell</term>
<term>Grid nodes</term>
<term>Ground water</term>
<term>Histogram</term>
<term>Horseshoe</term>
<term>Horseshoe lake</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Inflection point</term>
<term>Istok</term>
<term>Journel</term>
<term>Kriging</term>
<term>Logarithmic probability plots</term>
<term>Lognormal populations</term>
<term>Lower tail</term>
<term>Mammoth mountain</term>
<term>Many factors</term>
<term>Nisyros</term>
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<term>Normal scores</term>
<term>Nugget effect</term>
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<term>Original data limits</term>
<term>Original sample statistics</term>
<term>Original samples</term>
<term>Original values</term>
<term>Oxford univ</term>
<term>Poggio</term>
<term>Point support</term>
<term>Pozzuoli</term>
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<term>Probabilistic assessment</term>
<term>Probability maps</term>
<term>Probability plot</term>
<term>Probability plots</term>
<term>Quantification</term>
<term>Rautman</term>
<term>Reliable estimation</term>
<term>Sample statistics</term>
<term>Sampling design</term>
<term>Scienze della</term>
<term>Semivariogram model</term>
<term>Sequential gaussian simulation</term>
<term>Simple kriging estimate</term>
<term>Simulation</term>
<term>Simulation procedure</term>
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<term>Solfatara</term>
<term>Spatial variability</term>
<term>Specific threshold</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Stochastic</term>
<term>Stochastic simulation</term>
<term>Study area</term>
<term>Study areas</term>
<term>Suitable sampling density</term>
<term>Threshold values</term>
<term>Total amount</term>
<term>Unsampled locations</term>
<term>Upper tail</term>
<term>Useful tool</term>
<term>Variogram</term>
<term>Variograms</term>
<term>Vesuvio</term>
<term>Vesuvio cone</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic areas</term>
<term>Volcanic degassing</term>
<term>Volcanic surveillance</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
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<term>Accumulation chamber methodology</term>
<term>Active volcanoes</term>
<term>Algorithm</term>
<term>Background population</term>
<term>Bimodal distributions</term>
<term>Biological activity</term>
<term>Caldera</term>
<term>Carbon dioxide</term>
<term>Cardellini</term>
<term>Characteristic values</term>
<term>Chem</term>
<term>Chiodini</term>
<term>Conditioning data</term>
<term>Confidence interval</term>
<term>Cumulative distribution</term>
<term>Cumulative distribution function</term>
<term>Cutoff values</term>
<term>Data sets</term>
<term>Degassing</term>
<term>Degassing process</term>
<term>Degassing processes</term>
<term>Degassing structures</term>
<term>Deutsch</term>
<term>Different areas</term>
<term>Diffuse</term>
<term>Diffuse degassing</term>
<term>Diffuse degassing structures</term>
<term>Diffuse emission</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Empirical relation</term>
<term>Equiprobable realizations</term>
<term>Ergodic fluctuations</term>
<term>Estimation</term>
<term>Fluctuation</term>
<term>Flux data</term>
<term>Flux figure</term>
<term>Flux maps</term>
<term>Flux population</term>
<term>Flux survey</term>
<term>Flux surveys</term>
<term>Flux table</term>
<term>Flux value</term>
<term>Flux values</term>
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<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Geothermal areas</term>
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<term>Grid cell</term>
<term>Grid nodes</term>
<term>Ground water</term>
<term>Histogram</term>
<term>Horseshoe</term>
<term>Horseshoe lake</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Inflection point</term>
<term>Istok</term>
<term>Journel</term>
<term>Kriging</term>
<term>Logarithmic probability plots</term>
<term>Lognormal populations</term>
<term>Lower tail</term>
<term>Mammoth mountain</term>
<term>Many factors</term>
<term>Nisyros</term>
<term>Nisyros caldera</term>
<term>Normal scores</term>
<term>Nugget effect</term>
<term>Original data</term>
<term>Original data limits</term>
<term>Original sample statistics</term>
<term>Original samples</term>
<term>Original values</term>
<term>Oxford univ</term>
<term>Poggio</term>
<term>Point support</term>
<term>Pozzuoli</term>
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<term>Probabilistic assessment</term>
<term>Probability maps</term>
<term>Probability plot</term>
<term>Probability plots</term>
<term>Quantification</term>
<term>Rautman</term>
<term>Reliable estimation</term>
<term>Sample statistics</term>
<term>Sampling design</term>
<term>Scienze della</term>
<term>Semivariogram model</term>
<term>Sequential gaussian simulation</term>
<term>Simple kriging estimate</term>
<term>Simulation</term>
<term>Simulation procedure</term>
<term>Soil science</term>
<term>Solfatara</term>
<term>Spatial variability</term>
<term>Specific threshold</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
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<term>Stochastic simulation</term>
<term>Study area</term>
<term>Study areas</term>
<term>Suitable sampling density</term>
<term>Threshold values</term>
<term>Total amount</term>
<term>Unsampled locations</term>
<term>Upper tail</term>
<term>Useful tool</term>
<term>Variogram</term>
<term>Variograms</term>
<term>Vesuvio</term>
<term>Vesuvio cone</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic areas</term>
<term>Volcanic degassing</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract">Conditional sequential Gaussian simulations (sGs) have been applied for the first time to the study of soil diffuse degassing from different volcanic and nonvolcanic systems. The application regards five data sets of soil CO2 fluxes measured with the accumulation chamber methodology at the volcanic areas of Solfatara of Pozzuoli (Italy), Vesuvio cone (Italy), Nisyros (Greece), and Horseshoe Lake (California) and at the nonvolcanic degassing area of Poggio dell'Olivo (Italy). The sGs algorithm was used to generate 100 realizations of CO2 flux for each area. Probabilistic summaries of these simulations, together with the information given by probability plots, were used (1) to draw maps of the probability that CO2 fluxes exceed thresholds specific for a background flux, i.e., to define the probable extension of the degassing structures, (2) to calculate the total CO2 output, and (3) to quantify the uncertainty of the estimation. The results show that the sGs is a suitable tool to model soil diffuse degassing, producing realistic images of the distribution of the CO2 fluxes that honor the histogram and variogram of the original data. Moreover, the relation between the sample design and the uncertainty of estimation was investigated leading to an empirical relation between uncertainty and the sampling density that can be useful for the planning of future CO2 flux surveys.</div>
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