Royal authority and city law under Alexander and his Hellenistic successors
Identifieur interne : 000172 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000171; suivant : 000173Royal authority and city law under Alexander and his Hellenistic successors
Auteurs : James L. O'NeilSource :
- The Classical Quarterly [ 0009-8388 ] ; 2000-12.
Abstract
When the Macedonians had conquered Greece, city-states continued to exist along-side the more powerful kingdoms, and were often forced to accommodate their policies to the wishes of the powerful kings who were, in theory, their allies. If kings and cities were to co-operate effectively, there would need to be some way of adapting the authority of royal wishes to the theoretical rights of the cities to self-determination. The contrast between the powers of a king, theoretically all-powerful within his kingdom, and the autonomy of a city did not need to be total. Aristotle, who was acquainted with the Macedonian kingdom, made a clear distinction between kingship and tyranny, between rule by the law and autocracy. He listed Macedonia alongside Sparta and Epirus as kingdoms which were ruled in the interests of all.
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DOI: 10.1093/cq/50.2.424
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If kings and cities were to co-operate effectively, there would need to be some way of adapting the authority of royal wishes to the theoretical rights of the cities to self-determination. The contrast between the powers of a king, theoretically all-powerful within his kingdom, and the autonomy of a city did not need to be total. Aristotle, who was acquainted with the Macedonian kingdom, made a clear distinction between kingship and tyranny, between rule by the law and autocracy. He listed Macedonia alongside Sparta and Epirus as kingdoms which were ruled in the interests of all.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>cambridge</corpusName><author><json:item><name>James L. 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Q.</title><idno type="pISSN">0009-8388</idno><idno type="eISSN">1471-6844</idno><idno type="publisher-id">CAQ</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2000-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">50</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="424">424</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="431">431</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract style="text-abstract"><p>When the Macedonians had conquered Greece, city-states continued to exist along-side the more powerful kingdoms, and were often forced to accommodate their policies to the wishes of the powerful kings who were, in theory, their allies. If kings and cities were to co-operate effectively, there would need to be some way of adapting the authority of royal wishes to the theoretical rights of the cities to self-determination. The contrast between the powers of a king, theoretically all-powerful within his kingdom, and the autonomy of a city did not need to be total. Aristotle, who was acquainted with the Macedonian kingdom, made a clear distinction between kingship and tyranny, between rule by the law and autocracy. He listed Macedonia alongside Sparta and Epirus as kingdoms which were ruled in the interests of all.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.2 20060430//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article dtd-version="2.2" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CAQ</journal-id><journal-title>The Classical Quarterly</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>The Class. Q.</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0009-8388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1471-6844</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cq/50.2.424</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0009838800032407</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">03240</article-id><title-group><article-title>Royal authority and city law under Alexander and his Hellenistic successors</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">J. L. O'NEIL</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">ROYAL AUTHORITY AND CITY LAW</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name><surname>O'Neil</surname><given-names>James L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Sydney</institution> <addr-line>james.o'neil@history.usyd.edu.au</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2000</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage seq="11">424</fpage><lpage>431</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © The Classical Association 2000</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2000</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Classical Association</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract abstract-type="text-abstract"><p>When the Macedonians had conquered Greece, city-states continued to exist along-side the more powerful kingdoms, and were often forced to accommodate their policies to the wishes of the powerful kings who were, in theory, their allies. If kings and cities were to co-operate effectively, there would need to be some way of adapting the authority of royal wishes to the theoretical rights of the cities to self-determination.</p><p>The contrast between the powers of a king, theoretically all-powerful within his kingdom, and the autonomy of a city did not need to be total. Aristotle, who was acquainted with the Macedonian kingdom, made a clear distinction between kingship and tyranny, between rule by the law and autocracy. He listed Macedonia alongside Sparta and Epirus as kingdoms which were ruled in the interests of all.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S0009838800032407a.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>series</meta-name><meta-value>1</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>seriesText</meta-name><meta-value>New Series</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><back><fn-group><fn id="fn01" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>I wish to thank Professor F. W. Walbank for commenting on an earlier version of this paper, and an anonymous <italic>CQ</italic> referee for helpful criticism. Any remaining errors are mine.</p></fn><fn id="fn02" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Arist. <italic>Politics</italic> 1285a2–b6, cf.<citation id="ref001" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Newman</surname><given-names>W. L.</given-names></name>, <source>Commentary</source> ad loc., vol. <volume>3</volume> (<year>1902</year>), <fpage>258</fpage>ff.</citation>; see 1310b35 for the comparison with Sparta.</p></fn><fn id="fn03" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref002" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Errington</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Philip V, Aratus and the “Conspiracy of Apelles</article-title>”’, <source>Historia</source> <volume>16</volume> (<year>1967</year>), <fpage>23</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn04" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>P. de Francisci, <italic>Arcana imperii</italic>, 11.371;<citation id="ref003" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Aymard</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Sur l'assemblée macédonienne</article-title>’, <source>REA</source> <volume>52</volume> (<year>1950</year>)</citation>, 127 = <italic>Études d'Histoire Ancienne</italic> (1967), 154;<citation id="ref004" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Billows</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name>, <source>Antigonos the One-Eyed</source>, (<publisher-loc>Berkeley</publisher-loc>, <year>1990</year>), <fpage>259</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref005" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Borza</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name>, <source>In the Shadow of Olympus</source> (<publisher-loc>Princeton</publisher-loc>, <year>1990</year>), <fpage>245</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn05" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref006" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Finley</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name>, <source>Use and Abuse of Greek History</source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1975</year>), <fpage>143</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref007" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Gagarin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name>, <source>Early Greek Law</source> (<publisher-loc>Berkeley</publisher-loc>, <year>1986</year>), <fpage>106</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref008" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Macdowell</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name>, <source>The Law in Classical Athens</source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1978</year>), <fpage>59</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref009" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Osborne</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Law in action in classical Athens</article-title>’, <source>JHS</source> <volume>105</volume> (<year>1983</year>), <fpage>53</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn06" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><citation id="ref010" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Arangio-Ruiz</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name>, <source>Rariora</source> (<publisher-loc>Rome</publisher-loc>, <year>1946</year>), <fpage>242</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn07" symbol="7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><p><citation id="ref011" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Lenschau</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Alexander der Grosse und Chios</article-title>’, <source>Klio</source> <volume>33</volume> (<year>1940</year>), <fpage>203</fpage></citation> ff.</p></fn><fn id="fn08" symbol="8"><label><sup>8</sup></label><p>This was a more developed democracy than the previous one at Chios:<citation id="ref012" citation-type="book"><name><surname>O'neil</surname><given-names>J. L.</given-names></name>, <source>The Origins and Development of Ancient Greek Democracy</source>, (<publisher-loc>Lanham, MD</publisher-loc>, <year>1995</year>), <fpage>167</fpage>–8</citation>, cf. 24–5.</p></fn><fn id="fn09" symbol="9"><label><sup>9</sup></label><p>D.S. 17.109.1. Polyperchon's similar decree of 319 B.C. excluded those exiled for homicide or impiety (D.S. 18.56.4).</p></fn><fn id="fn10" symbol="10"><label><sup>10</sup></label><p>Cf.<citation id="ref013" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Goodenough</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>The political philosophy of Hellenistic kingship</article-title>’, <source>YCS</source> <volume>1</volume> (<year>1928</year>), <fpage>61</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn11" symbol="11"><label><sup>11</sup></label><p><citation id="ref014" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Zancan</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name>, <source>II Monarcato ellenistico</source> (<publisher-loc>Padua</publisher-loc>, <year>1934</year>), <fpage>30</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn12" symbol="12"><label><sup>12</sup></label><p><citation id="ref015" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Welles</surname><given-names>C. J.</given-names></name>, <source>Royal Correspondence</source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1934</year>), <fpage>25</fpage>.</citation> Cf. Billows (n. 4), 214. There is no evidence that Antigonus was actually infringing the autonomy of the cities (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref015">ibid</xref>., 213).</p></fn><fn id="fn13" symbol="13"><label><sup>13</sup></label><p>Billows (n. 4), 232.</p></fn><fn id="fn14" symbol="14"><label><sup>14</sup></label><p><italic>OGIS</italic> 7.221, 231, 282, 335; <italic>SEG</italic> 7.62. Cf.<citation id="ref016" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Heuss</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <source>Stadt und Herrscher des Hellenismus</source> (<publisher-loc>Leipzig</publisher-loc>, <year>1937</year>), <fpage>80</fpage>–<lpage>90</lpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn15" symbol="15"><label><sup>15</sup></label><p>O'Neil (n. 8), 84–5.</p></fn><fn id="fn16" symbol="16"><label><sup>16</sup></label><p>P. Gurob 2 = <italic>Select Papyri</italic> 256.</p></fn><fn id="fn17" symbol="17"><label><sup>17</sup></label><p>See <citation id="ref017" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Schubart</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Spuren politischer Autonomie in Aegypten unter den Ptolemäern</article-title>’, <source>Klio</source> <volume>10</volume> (<year>1910</year>), <fpage>47</fpage>–9</citation>; <citation id="ref018" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Taubenschlag</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>, <source>The Law of Greco-Roman Egypt in the Light of the Papyri</source> (<publisher-loc>Warsaw</publisher-loc>, <year>1955</year>), <fpage>9</fpage>.</citation> <citation id="ref019" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Partsch</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Die alexandrinischen Dikaiomata</article-title>’, <source>Archiv für Papyrusfor schung</source> <volume>6</volume> (<year>1920</year>)</citation>, 42, disagrees.</p></fn><fn id="fn18" symbol="18"><label><sup>18</sup></label><p>Athenian law had a similar provision: Dem 20.118, 39.40; Pollux 8.122.</p></fn><fn id="fn19" symbol="19"><label><sup>19</sup></label><p><citation id="ref020" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Fraser</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name>, <source>Ptolemaic Alexandria</source> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1972</year>), <fpage>114</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref021" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Amundsen</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>, ‘The classical Greek background of Ptolemaic law and the administration of justice’, in <source>Acta Congressus Madvigiani Hafniae 1954</source>, 1 (<publisher-loc>Copenhagen</publisher-loc>, <year>1958</year>), <fpage>257</fpage>–9.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn20" symbol="20"><label><sup>20</sup></label><p><italic>Syll</italic> 344, lines 46–7. The laws should be best and helpful to the city.</p></fn><fn id="fn21" symbol="21"><label><sup>21</sup></label><p>Nisyros’ status as a Rhodian deme is not attested before the second century:<citation id="ref022" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Fraser</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name> and <name><surname>Bean</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name>, <source>The Rhodian Peraea and Islands</source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1954</year>), <fpage>147</fpage>–52.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn22" symbol="22"><label><sup>22</sup></label><p>Josephus, <italic>AJ</italic> 12.142, 13.381. Antiochus IV had reneged on this permission:<citation id="ref023" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Sherwin-White</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name> and <name><surname>Kuhrt</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <source>From Samarkhand to Sardis</source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1993</year>), <fpage>52</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn23" symbol="23"><label><sup>23</sup></label><p><citation id="ref024" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Welles</surname><given-names>C. B.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>New texts from the chancery of Philip V</article-title>’, <source>AJA</source> <volume>42</volume> (<year>1938</year>), <fpage>249</fpage>ff.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn24" symbol="24"><label><sup>24</sup></label><p>Welles (n. 12), 65–7. For the Pergamene decree: p. 267.</p></fn><fn id="fn25" symbol="25"><label><sup>25</sup></label><p><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref024">Ibid</xref>., 53.</p></fn><fn id="fn26" symbol="26"><label><sup>26</sup></label><p><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref024">Ibid</xref>., 271.</p></fn><fn id="fn27" symbol="27"><label><sup>27</sup></label><p><citation id="ref025" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Errington</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Macedonian “royal style” and its significance</article-title>’, <source>JHS</source> <volume>94</volume> (<year>1974</year>)</citation>, 24; Welles (n. 12), 70.5.</p></fn><fn id="fn28" symbol="28"><label><sup>28</sup></label><p>Welles (n. 12), 75.</p></fn><fn id="fn29" symbol="29"><label><sup>29</sup></label><p><citation id="ref026" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Weisehöfer</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, ‘Kingship in ancient Iran’, in <name><surname>Bilde</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name> et al. (edd.), <source>Aspects of Hellenistic Kingship</source> (<publisher-loc>Aarhus</publisher-loc>, <year>1996</year>), <fpage>58</fpage>ff.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn30" symbol="30"><label><sup>30</sup></label><p><citation id="ref027" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Debevoise</surname><given-names>N. C.</given-names></name>, <source>A Political History of Parthia</source> (<publisher-loc>Chicago</publisher-loc>, <year>1938</year>), <fpage>xi</fpage> ff.</citation>; Welles (n. 12), 302.</p></fn><fn id="fn31" symbol="31"><label><sup>31</sup></label><p>Welles (n. 12), 304.</p></fn><fn id="fn32" symbol="32"><label><sup>32</sup></label><p>Archytas 4.1. 132; Diotogenes 4.7.61.</p></fn><fn id="fn33" symbol="33"><label><sup>33</sup></label><p>Archytas 4.1.135; Diotogenes 4.7.61; Sthenidas 4.7.62.</p></fn><fn id="fn34" symbol="34"><label><sup>34</sup></label><p>Sopater 4.5.60, cf. 57; cf. Diotogenes 4.7.62.</p></fn><fn id="fn35" symbol="35"><label><sup>35</sup></label><p>Diotogenes 4.7.62; Ecphantus 4.7.64; cf. Archytas 4.1.137.</p></fn><fn id="fn36" symbol="36"><label><sup>36</sup></label><p>Goodenough (n. 10), 99ff;<citation id="ref028" citation-type="other"><name><surname>Delatte</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>, <italic>Les Traités de Royauté d'Ecphante, Diotogene at Sthénidas</italic> (<year>1942</year>), <fpage>286</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn37" symbol="37"><label><sup>37</sup></label><p>Philo, <italic>Life of Moses</italic>, 2.4; Stobaeus 4.7.67. Cf. Goodenough (n. 10), 94.</p></fn><fn id="fn38" symbol="38"><label><sup>38</sup></label><p><citation id="ref029" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Rackham</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Aristotle</surname></name>, <source>Rhetorica ad Alexandrum</source> (<publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA</publisher-loc>, <year>1937</year>), <fpage>258</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn39" symbol="39"><label><sup>39</sup></label><p>[Aristotle], <italic>Rhetorica ad Alexandrum</italic> 1420a19–b12.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Royal authority and city law under Alexander and his Hellenistic successors</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative"><title>J. L. O'NEIL</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Royal authority and city law under Alexander and his Hellenistic successors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">James L.</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Neil</namePart><affiliation>University of Sydney james.o'neil@history.usyd.edu.au</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000-12</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="text-abstract">When the Macedonians had conquered Greece, city-states continued to exist along-side the more powerful kingdoms, and were often forced to accommodate their policies to the wishes of the powerful kings who were, in theory, their allies. If kings and cities were to co-operate effectively, there would need to be some way of adapting the authority of royal wishes to the theoretical rights of the cities to self-determination. The contrast between the powers of a king, theoretically all-powerful within his kingdom, and the autonomy of a city did not need to be total. Aristotle, who was acquainted with the Macedonian kingdom, made a clear distinction between kingship and tyranny, between rule by the law and autocracy. He listed Macedonia alongside Sparta and Epirus as kingdoms which were ruled in the interests of all.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Classical Quarterly</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>The Class. Q.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0009-8388</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1471-6844</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CAQ</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>50</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>424</start><end>431</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A64FAB6E6F7B1C4A851FA71E2F6DDFE089295373</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-L402HDKP-D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/cq/50.2.424</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0009838800032407</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">03240</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © The Classical Association 2000</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright © The Classical Association 2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A64FAB6E6F7B1C4A851FA71E2F6DDFE089295373/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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