Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application
Identifieur interne : 000092 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000091; suivant : 000093Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application
Auteurs : Fátima Viveiros ; Carlo Cardellini ; Teresa Ferreira ; Stefano Caliro ; Giovanni Chiodini ; Catarina SilvaSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2010-12.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Anomalous, Anomaly, Azores, Azores archipelago, Baubron, Biogenic, Caldeira grande fumarole, Caldera, Caliro, Carapezza, Carbon dioxide, Cardellini, Chiodini, Crater, Data sets, Degassing, Diffuse, Diffuse degassing, Diffuse emission, Dioxide, Earth planet, Efflux, Ferreira, Flux measurements, Flux values, Frondini, Fumarole, Fumaroles, Fumarolic, Furnas, Furnas caldera, Furnas lake, Furnas village, Furnas village fumaroles, Furnas volcano, Furnas volcano table, Gaspar, Geomorphologic, Geophys, Geotherm, Granieri, Grid, Hydrothermal, Hydrothermal manifestations, Isotopic composition, Lett, Main fumarolic fields, Miguel, Miguel island, Notsu, Previous studies, Queiroz, Quente, Ribeira, Ribeira quente village, Salazar, Same order, Skarsson, Soil degassing, Standard deviation, Steam condensation, Tectonic, Tectonic structures, Thermal energy, Viveiros, Volcanic, Volcano, Volcanol.
- Teeft :
- Anomalous, Anomaly, Azores, Azores archipelago, Baubron, Biogenic, Caldeira grande fumarole, Caldera, Caliro, Carapezza, Carbon dioxide, Cardellini, Chiodini, Crater, Data sets, Degassing, Diffuse, Diffuse degassing, Diffuse emission, Dioxide, Earth planet, Efflux, Ferreira, Flux measurements, Flux values, Frondini, Fumarole, Fumaroles, Fumarolic, Furnas, Furnas caldera, Furnas lake, Furnas village, Furnas village fumaroles, Furnas volcano, Furnas volcano table, Gaspar, Geomorphologic, Geophys, Geotherm, Granieri, Grid, Hydrothermal, Hydrothermal manifestations, Isotopic composition, Lett, Main fumarolic fields, Miguel, Miguel island, Notsu, Previous studies, Queiroz, Quente, Ribeira, Ribeira quente village, Salazar, Same order, Skarsson, Soil degassing, Standard deviation, Steam condensation, Tectonic, Tectonic structures, Thermal energy, Viveiros, Volcanic, Volcano, Volcanol.
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO2 soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO2 flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO2 emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d−1. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO2 was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO2 flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km2) based on the H2O/CO2 ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO2 emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO2 accumulating inside the dwellings.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2010JB007555
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61Le document en format XML
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unit="vol">115</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">B12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">17</biblScope><date type="published" when="2010-12">2010-12</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Anomalous</term><term>Anomaly</term><term>Azores</term><term>Azores archipelago</term><term>Baubron</term><term>Biogenic</term><term>Caldeira grande fumarole</term><term>Caldera</term><term>Caliro</term><term>Carapezza</term><term>Carbon dioxide</term><term>Cardellini</term><term>Chiodini</term><term>Crater</term><term>Data sets</term><term>Degassing</term><term>Diffuse</term><term>Diffuse degassing</term><term>Diffuse emission</term><term>Dioxide</term><term>Earth planet</term><term>Efflux</term><term>Ferreira</term><term>Flux measurements</term><term>Flux values</term><term>Frondini</term><term>Fumarole</term><term>Fumaroles</term><term>Fumarolic</term><term>Furnas</term><term>Furnas caldera</term><term>Furnas lake</term><term>Furnas village</term><term>Furnas village fumaroles</term><term>Furnas volcano</term><term>Furnas volcano table</term><term>Gaspar</term><term>Geomorphologic</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geotherm</term><term>Granieri</term><term>Grid</term><term>Hydrothermal</term><term>Hydrothermal manifestations</term><term>Isotopic composition</term><term>Lett</term><term>Main fumarolic fields</term><term>Miguel</term><term>Miguel island</term><term>Notsu</term><term>Previous studies</term><term>Queiroz</term><term>Quente</term><term>Ribeira</term><term>Ribeira quente village</term><term>Salazar</term><term>Same order</term><term>Skarsson</term><term>Soil degassing</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>Steam condensation</term><term>Tectonic</term><term>Tectonic structures</term><term>Thermal 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table</term><term>Gaspar</term><term>Geomorphologic</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geotherm</term><term>Granieri</term><term>Grid</term><term>Hydrothermal</term><term>Hydrothermal manifestations</term><term>Isotopic composition</term><term>Lett</term><term>Main fumarolic fields</term><term>Miguel</term><term>Miguel island</term><term>Notsu</term><term>Previous studies</term><term>Queiroz</term><term>Quente</term><term>Ribeira</term><term>Ribeira quente village</term><term>Salazar</term><term>Same order</term><term>Skarsson</term><term>Soil degassing</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>Steam condensation</term><term>Tectonic</term><term>Tectonic structures</term><term>Thermal energy</term><term>Viveiros</term><term>Volcanic</term><term>Volcano</term><term>Volcanol</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO2 soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO2 flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO2 emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d−1. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO2 was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO2 flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km2) based on the H2O/CO2 ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO2 emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO2 accumulating inside the dwellings.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>furnas</json:string><json:string>degassing</json:string><json:string>caldera</json:string><json:string>furnas volcano</json:string><json:string>chiodini</json:string><json:string>hydrothermal</json:string><json:string>volcano</json:string><json:string>cardellini</json:string><json:string>azores</json:string><json:string>furnas 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de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stefano Caliro</name><affiliations><json:string>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV, Naples, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Giovanni Chiodini</name><affiliations><json:string>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV, Naples, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Catarina Silva</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil diffuse degassing</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil CO2 flux</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>emission rates</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Azores archipelago</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2010JB007555</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO2 soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO2 flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO2 emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d−1. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO2 was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO2 flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km2) based on the H2O/CO2 ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO2 emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO2 accumulating inside the dwellings.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.248</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1453</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>11125</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>67006</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>17</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>229</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid 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systems</value></json:item><json:item><value>NATURAL HAZARDS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Geological</value></json:item><json:item><value>Geological</value></json:item><json:item><value>Disaster risk analysis and assessment</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Hydrothermal systems</value></json:item><json:item><value>SEISMOLOGY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Volcano seismology</value></json:item><json:item><value>TECTONOPHYSICS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Hydrothermal systems</value></json:item><json:item><value>VOLCANOLOGY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Volcanic gases</value></json:item><json:item><value>Hydrothermal systems</value></json:item><json:item><value>Volcano monitoring</value></json:item><json:item><value>Volcanic hazards and risks</value></json:item><json:item><value>Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and 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sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1029/2010JB007555</json:string></doi><id>8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Soil CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2010-12"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Soil CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title><title level="a" type="short">SOIL CO2 EMISSIONS AT FURNAS VOLCANO</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Fátima</forename><surname>Viveiros</surname></persName><email>maria.fb.viveiros@azores.gov.pt</email><affiliation><orgName>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos</orgName><orgName>Universidade dos Açores</orgName><address><country key="PT">Portugal</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Carlo</forename><surname>Cardellini</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra</orgName><orgName>Università di Perugia</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Perugia</settlement><country key="IT">Italy</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Teresa</forename><surname>Ferreira</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos</orgName><orgName>Universidade dos Açores</orgName><address><country key="PT">Portugal</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Stefano</forename><surname>Caliro</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Naples</settlement><country key="IT">Italy</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Giovanni</forename><surname>Chiodini</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Naples</settlement><country key="IT">Italy</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Catarina</forename><surname>Silva</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos</orgName><orgName>Universidade dos Açores</orgName><address><country key="PT">Portugal</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2010JB007555</idno><idno type="editorialOffice">2010JB007555</idno><idno type="society">B12208</idno><idno type="unit">JGRB16567</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JGRB.JGRB16567.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: SOLID EARTH</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202b</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jgrb.v115.B12</idno><idno type="product">JGRB</idno><idno type="coden">JGREA2</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">115</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">B12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">17</biblScope><date type="published" when="2010-12"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><p xml:id="jgrb16567-para-0001">Carbon dioxide (CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi>) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km<hi rend="superscript">2</hi>) based on the H<hi rend="subscript">2</hi>O/CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> accumulating inside the dwellings.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0001">soil diffuse degassing</term><term xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0002">soil CO<hi rend="subscript">2</hi> flux</term><term xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0003">emission rates</term><term xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0004">Azores archipelago</term></keywords><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/subset/ECV">Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and Rocks/Volcanology</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3000">MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/7200">SEISMOLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8100">TECTONOPHYSICS</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8400">VOLCANOLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="articleCategory">Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and Rocks/Volcanology</classCode><classCode scheme="tocHeading1">Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and Rocks/Volcanology</classCode></textClass><langUsage><language ident="EN"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrb16567"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202b</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRB"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: SOLID EARTH">Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</title><title type="short">J. 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Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>115</vol>, B12208, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2010JB007555">10.1029/2010JB007555</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRB.JGRB16567.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="12600"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="10"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title><title type="short">SOIL CO<sub>2</sub> EMISSIONS AT FURNAS VOLCANO</title><title type="shortAuthors">Viveiros <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Fátima</givenNames> <familyName>Viveiros</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="maria.fb.viveiros@azores.gov.pt">maria.fb.viveiros@azores.gov.pt</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Carlo</givenNames> <familyName>Cardellini</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Teresa</givenNames> <familyName>Ferreira</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Stefano</givenNames> <familyName>Caliro</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Giovanni</givenNames> <familyName>Chiodini</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrb16567-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#jgrb16567-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Catarina</givenNames> <familyName>Silva</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="PT" type="organization" xml:id="jgrb16567-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos</orgDiv><orgName>Universidade dos Açores</orgName><address><country>Portugal</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="IT" type="organization" xml:id="jgrb16567-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra</orgDiv><orgName>Università di Perugia</orgName><address><city>Perugia</city><country>Italy</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="IT" type="organization" xml:id="jgrb16567-aff-0003"><orgName>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV</orgName><address><city>Naples</city><country>Italy</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0001">soil diffuse degassing</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0002">soil CO<sub>2</sub> flux</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0003">emission rates</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrb16567-kwd-0004">Azores archipelago</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrb16567:jgrb16567-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrb16567:jgrb16567-sup-0002-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrb16567:jgrb16567-sup-0003-t03"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrb16567:jgrb16567-sup-0004-t04"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 4.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrb16567:jgrb16567-sup-0005-t05"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 5.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrb16567-para-0001" label="1">Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO<sub>2</sub> soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO<sub>2</sub> flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d<sup>−1</sup>. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO<sub>2</sub> was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO<sub>2</sub> efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO<sub>2</sub> flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km<sup>2</sup>) based on the H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO<sub>2</sub> emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> accumulating inside the dwellings.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SOIL CO2 EMISSIONS AT FURNAS VOLCANO</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fátima</namePart><namePart type="family">Viveiros</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: maria.fb.viveiros@azores.gov.pt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carlo</namePart><namePart type="family">Cardellini</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Teresa</namePart><namePart type="family">Ferreira</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stefano</namePart><namePart type="family">Caliro</namePart><affiliation>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV, Naples, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giovanni</namePart><namePart type="family">Chiodini</namePart><affiliation>Osservatorio Vesuviano INGV, Naples, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Catarina</namePart><namePart type="family">Silva</namePart><affiliation>Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-12</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03-16</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-23</dateValid><edition>Viveiros, F., C. Cardellini, T. Ferreira, S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, and C. Silva (2010), Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B12208, doi:10.1029/2010JB007555.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">10</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="words">12600</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO2 soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO2 flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW–ESE and NW–SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO2 emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ∼968 t d−1. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO2 was determined using a statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO2 flux and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated with diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ∼4.8 km2) based on the H2O/CO2 ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS also affect Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO2 emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO2 accumulating inside the dwellings.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.Tab‐delimited Table 2.Tab‐delimited Table 3.Tab‐delimited Table 4.Tab‐delimited Table 5.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>soil diffuse degassing</topic><topic>soil CO2 flux</topic><topic>emission rates</topic><topic>Azores archipelago</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/subset/ECV">Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and Rocks/Volcanology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0450">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1034">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3000">MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3017">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3616">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4302">Geological</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4302">Geological</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4333">Disaster risk analysis and assessment</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4832">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/7200">SEISMOLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/7280">Volcano seismology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8100">TECTONOPHYSICS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8135">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8400">VOLCANOLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8430">Volcanic gases</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8424">Hydrothermal systems</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8419">Volcano monitoring</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8488">Volcanic hazards and risks</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Chemistry and Physics of Minerals and Rocks/Volcanology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202b</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRB</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>B12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>17</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2010JB007555</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2010JB007555</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8FA4CE92ABE8D55758C328D94C0FADCC70CB1A61/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago: Volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application
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