Physicochemical properties of some bottled water brands in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
Identifieur interne : 000050 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000049; suivant : 000051Physicochemical properties of some bottled water brands in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
Auteurs : Hesham Z. Ibrahim [Égypte] ; Heba A G. Mohammed ; Afaf M. HafezSource :
- The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [ 2090-262X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Égypte.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Drinking Water, Magnesium, Metals, Heavy.
- chemical , chemistry : Drinking Water.
- chemical , standards : Drinking Water.
- geographic : Egypt.
- standards : Water Supply.
- Analysis of Variance, Food Labeling, Government Agencies, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration.
Abstract
Many people use bottled water instead of tap water for many reasons such as taste, ease of carrying, and thinking that it is safer than tap water. Irrespective of the reason, bottled water consumption has been steadily growing in the world for the past 30 years. In Egypt, this is still increasing to reach 3.8 l/person/day, despite its high price compared with tap water.
DOI: 10.1097/01.EPX.0000451919.21292.8a
PubMed: 25162736
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Hafez</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25162736</idno><idno type="pmid">25162736</idno><idno type="doi">10.1097/01.EPX.0000451919.21292.8a</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000050</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Physicochemical properties of some bottled water brands in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.</title><author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, Hesham Z" sort="Ibrahim, Hesham Z" uniqKey="Ibrahim H" first="Hesham Z" last="Ibrahim">Hesham Z. Ibrahim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduated Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduated Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Heba A G" sort="Mohammed, Heba A G" uniqKey="Mohammed H" first="Heba A G" last="Mohammed">Heba A G. Mohammed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hafez, Afaf M" sort="Hafez, Afaf M" uniqKey="Hafez A" first="Afaf M" last="Hafez">Afaf M. Hafez</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association</title><idno type="eISSN">2090-262X</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Drinking Water (analysis)</term><term>Drinking Water (chemistry)</term><term>Drinking Water (standards)</term><term>Egypt</term><term>Food Labeling</term><term>Government Agencies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Magnesium (analysis)</term><term>Metals, Heavy (analysis)</term><term>Water Supply (standards)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Drinking Water</term><term>Magnesium</term><term>Metals, Heavy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Drinking Water</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Drinking Water</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Egypt</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Water Supply</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Food Labeling</term><term>Government Agencies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Égypte</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Many people use bottled water instead of tap water for many reasons such as taste, ease of carrying, and thinking that it is safer than tap water. Irrespective of the reason, bottled water consumption has been steadily growing in the world for the past 30 years. In Egypt, this is still increasing to reach 3.8 l/person/day, despite its high price compared with tap water.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25162736</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>28</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2014</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2090-262X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>89</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Egypt Public Health Assoc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Physicochemical properties of some bottled water brands in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>60-5</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1097/01.EPX.0000451919.21292.8a</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Many people use bottled water instead of tap water for many reasons such as taste, ease of carrying, and thinking that it is safer than tap water. Irrespective of the reason, bottled water consumption has been steadily growing in the world for the past 30 years. In Egypt, this is still increasing to reach 3.8 l/person/day, despite its high price compared with tap water.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical quality of some bottled water brands and to compare the quality with that reported on manufacture's labeling, Egyptian, and International standards.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fourteen bottled water brands were selected from the local markets of Alexandria city. Three bottles from each brand were randomly sampled, making a total sample size of 42 bottles. Sampling occurred between July 2012 and September 2012. Each bottle was analyzed for its physicochemical parameter and the average was calculated for each brand. The results obtained were compared with the Egyptian standard for bottled water, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and with bottled water labels.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">In all bottles in the study, pH values ranged between 7.21 and 8.23, conductivity ranged between 195 and 675 μs/cm, and total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride were within the range specified by the FDA. Calcium concentrations ranged between 2.7373 and 29.2183 mg/l, magnesium concentrations ranged between 5.7886 and 17.6633 mg/l, sodium between 14.5 and 205.8 mg/l, and potassium between 6.5 and 29.8 mg/l. For heavy metals such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, all of them were in conformity with the Egyptian standards and FDA, but nickel concentration in 11 brands was higher than the Egyptian standards. Twelve brands were higher than the Egyptian standards in cadmium concentration, but on comparison with FDA there were only five brands exceeding limits. Lead concentrations were out of range for all brands. On comparison with the labeled values, the quality of bottled water was not complying with labeled values.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Physicochemical parameters in all bottled water examined brands were consistent with the Egyptian Standard and FDA, except for total dissolved solids, nickel, cadmium, and lead. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in all parameters tested between different brands. Values on the bottled water labels were not in agreement with analytical results.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ibrahim</LastName><ForeName>Hesham Z</ForeName><Initials>HZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduated Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohammed</LastName><ForeName>Heba A G</ForeName><Initials>HA</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hafez</LastName><ForeName>Afaf M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Egypt Public Health Assoc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505602</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0013-2446</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D060766">Drinking Water</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019216">Metals, Heavy</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>I38ZP9992A</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008274">Magnesium</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000704" MajorTopicYN="N">Analysis of Variance</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060766" MajorTopicYN="N">Drinking Water</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="Y">standards</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004534" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Egypt</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005515" MajorTopicYN="N">Food Labeling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006077" MajorTopicYN="N">Government Agencies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006863" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008274" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnesium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019216" MajorTopicYN="N">Metals, Heavy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014881" MajorTopicYN="N">Water Supply</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="N">standards</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25162736</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/01.EPX.0000451919.21292.8a</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">00004765-201408000-00003</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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